Characteristics of lactic acid bacteria isolates and their inoculating effects on the silage fermentation at high temperature

Thermotolerant strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were screened for their suitability for silage making at high temperatures. Four selected strains were identified by 16S rRNA sequencing analyses and added to unwilted and wilted Italian ryegrass for ensiling at 45 degrees C. All four strains (HT1, HT2, HT3 and HT4) grew at 50 degrees C and pH 4.0. Strains HT1 and HT2 were identified as Lactobacillus rhamnosus; HT3 and HT4 were identified as Lact.fermentum. Strains HT1 and HT2 were the most effective at improving the fermentation quality of Italian ryegrass silage, irrespective of wilting, as indicated by lower pH values, less NH3N, and more lactic acid. In contrast, strains HT3, HT4 and a commercial inoculant consisting of Lact.plantarum and Pediococcus acidilactici conferred no or reduced benefits. Wilting alone did not improve the fermentation quality of Italian ryegrass at 45 degrees C. Inoculating with thermotolerant Lact.rhamnosus HT1 and HT2 could improve the fermentation quality of silage at high temperatures. Lactobacillus rhamnosus HT1 and HT2 can be used as inoculants for silage making in the tropics and subtropics and could play an important role in developing silage production in such regions. Significance and Impact of the Study Grasses are often difficult to ensile in the tropics and subtropics because of the high temperatures there. To solve this problem, we screened for thermotolerant lactic acid bacteria and obtained two valuable strains of Lactobacillus rhamnosus, HT1 and HT2, which proved to be beneficial to silage fermentation at high temperatures. Lactobacillus rhamnosus HT1 and HT2 can be used as inoculants for silage making in the tropics and subtropics, and will play an important role in developing silage production in such regions.