Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Su Young Jung, Dokyoung Kim, Dong Choon Park, Sung Soo Kim, Tong In Oh, Dae Woong Kang, Sang Hoon Kim, Seung Geun Yeo
Summary: Otitis media is mainly caused by upper respiratory tract infection and eustachian tube dysfunction. The expression of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) is closely related to the occurrence, recurrence, chronicization, and complications of otitis media, playing an important role in the early response to external antigens.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yuan-Tung Chu, Min-Tser Liao, Kuo-Wang Tsai, Kuo-Cheng Lu, Wan-Chung Hu
Summary: A comprehensive framework has been established to understand immunological pathways, and specific associations between immune responses and immune receptors have been identified. These findings contribute to the identification of biomarkers for immune cells and provide insights into host immunological pathways.
Article
Virology
Bengul Durmaz, Olkar Abdulmajed, Riza Durmaz, Mehmet Koroglu, Oguz Ari, Serdal Celik, Mahmut Tayyar Kalcioglu
Summary: The study found that at least one respiratory virus was detected in 56% of children with otitis media with effusion, compared to 12.8% in individuals without middle ear disease. There was no positive association between viruses and bacteria found in the middle ear cavity. The detection rate of respiratory viruses was significantly higher in children aged 6 to 11 years.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Manar Magdy, Enas Elmowafy, Mona Elassal, Rania A. H. Ishak
Summary: This review focuses on the anatomy of the ear, barriers to effective delivery, and localized delivery methods. It specifically addresses middle and inner ear diseases and their targeted drug delivery systems, including the use of hydrogels and nanocarriers for local delivery to the middle ear.
JOURNAL OF DRUG DELIVERY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Thomas M. Kaffenberger, Michael A. Belsky, Nicholas R. Oberlies, Aarti Kumar, Joseph P. Donohue, Tiffany S. Yang, Amber D. Shaffer, David H. Chi
Summary: This study examined the impact of intraoperative middle ear effusion (MEE) types on outcomes of pediatric bilateral myringotomy and tympanostomy tube placement (BMT) surgeries. The results indicated that purulent effusions increased the odds of in-office suctioning in patients with recurrent acute otitis media (RAOM) compared to other types of MEE.
Review
Otorhinolaryngology
Kavya K. Pai, Ariel O. Omiunu, Dhiraj K. Peddu, Vivienne H. Au, Soly Baredes, Robert W. Jyung, Jean Anderson Eloy, Christina H. Fang
Summary: Tuberculous otitis media (TOM) is a rare extrapulmonary manifestation of tuberculosis (TB) that is challenging to diagnose due to non-specific symptoms. This systematic review analyzes clinical characteristics, diagnostic methods, and outcomes in 67 cases of TOM. The study finds that common symptoms of TOM include otorrhea, hearing loss, otalgia, and facial palsy. Tissue biopsy is a reliable diagnostic method, and early detection and management are recommended for optimal outcomes.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OTOLARYNGOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Otorhinolaryngology
Sarah Callaham, Maxwell Newby, Aniket A. Saoji, Jad Ramadan, Michele M. Carr
Summary: WBT has potential use to differentiate types of MEE, with further studies needed to investigate its clinical application.
OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Yue Fan, Ruzhen Gao, Yingying Shang, Xu Tian, Yang Zhao, Xingming Chen
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in the middle ear fluid (MEF) of COVID-19 patients with otitis media with effusion (OME). The results showed that SARS-CoV-2 was detected in the MEF of some COVID-19 patients, suggesting a possible association between COVID-19 and OME.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Steven L. Taylor, Lito E. Papanicolas, Alyson Richards, Furdosa Ababor, Wan Xian Kang, Jocelyn M. Choo, Charmaine Woods, Steve L. Wesselingh, Eng H. Ooi, Patricia MacFarlane, Geraint B. Rogers
Summary: This study in a remote Aboriginal community in South Australia found a variety of OM conditions in children, with ear microbiota characteristics related to OM diagnosis and changing with disease course. Nasopharyngeal microbiota characteristics were consistent with the contribution of acute upper respiratory infection to OM aetiology.
Article
Immunology
Anke Leichtle, Arwa Kurabi, David Leffers, Markus Darr, Clara Sophia Draf, Allen Frederic Ryan, Karl-Ludwig Bruchhage
Summary: Otitis media, a common childhood disease, is characterized by hyperplasia of the middle ear mucosa and infiltration by leukocytes. The activation of innate immune receptors and downstream inflammatory and apoptotic molecules plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of otitis media. Targeting these molecules may provide potential therapeutic approaches for immunomodulation.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Michele Cavaliere, Antonella Miriam Di Lullo, Camilla Russo, Massimo Mesolella, Elena Cantone, Giuseppe Di Lorenzo, Gaetano Motta, Andrea Elefante
Summary: The study compares the accuracy of unstructured preoperative CT reports from non-tertiary diagnostic centers with intraoperative findings in patients with COM, suggesting discrepancies may be due to limited expertise of general radiologists in ENT neuroimaging. A structured checklist is proposed for optimizing communication with surgeons and providing crucial information for accurate surgical planning.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biology
Apoorva Mulay, Md Miraj K. Chowdhury, Cameron T. James, Lynne Bingle, Colin D. Bingle
Summary: The study described a novel in vitro model of mouse middle ear epithelial cells and investigated the genome wide gene expression profiles as they underwent differentiation. Significant differences were found in gene expression among different cell populations, with upregulated genes associated mainly with the process of ciliogenesis during differentiation.
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Zheng Wang, Jian Song, Ri Su, Muzhou Hou, Min Qi, Jianglin Zhang, Xuewen Wu
Summary: This paper developed a deep-learning framework called MESIC for diagnosing chronic middle ear diseases based on CT images, which can effectively identify cholesteatoma and chronic suppurative otitis media, helping alleviate the pressure on professional doctors and addressing the shortage of professional doctors in rural areas.
EXPERT SYSTEMS WITH APPLICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Mana Espahbodi, Tina L. Samuels, Caroline McCormick, Pawjai Khampang, Ke Yan, Samuel Marshall, Michael E. McCormick, Robert H. Chun, Steven A. Harvey, David R. Friedland, Nikki Johnston, Joseph E. Kerschner
Summary: Cell culture models are valuable for investigating the molecular pathogenesis of otitis media (OM), showing that pediatric MEE cells differ significantly from adult-derived HMEEC-1 cells in response to inflammatory stimuli and expression of OM-related molecules. OM may be associated with specific molecular phenotypes that are retained in primary cell culture.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Manar Magdy, Enas Elmowafy, Mona Elassal, Rania A. H. Ishak
Summary: This research aimed to design and optimize innovative nanovesicles called Glycerospanlastics for delivering triamcinolone acetonide (TA) for otitis media treatment. The optimized Glycerospanlastics showed good properties such as nanometer size, negative charges, high TA entrapment, and improved permeation across the tympanic membrane. They outperformed the marketed drug suspension in treating otitis media, as evidenced by the restoration of histopathological alterations and reduced levels of IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS
(2023)