Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jingyu Huang, Yu Xu
Summary: Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) has been considered a benign, chronic inflammatory, and hyperplastic disease. Recent studies have shown that autoimmune-related mechanisms play a role in nasal polyp pathology. Innate and adaptive immune pathways are mobilized during polyp formation, involving activated plasma cells, eosinophils, basophils, innate type 2 lymphocytes, mast cells, and proinflammatory cytokines in polyp tissue. The discovery of autoantibodies further supports the autoimmune nature of nasal polyps. This study elaborates on the role of autoimmunity in the pathogenesis of CRSwNP, discussing microbiome-mediated mechanisms, abnormal host immunity, and genetic changes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hyunjae Yu, Dong-Kyu Kim
Summary: Machine-learning algorithms were used to investigate the factors associated with the recurrence of CRSwNP following sinus surgery. Neutrophil inflammation was found to be an important factor affecting surgical outcomes, with tissue neutrophilia being the most important variable in determining recurrence. The study suggests that increased neutrophilic inflammation is associated with poor surgical outcomes in patients with difficult-to-treat CRSwNP.
Article
Allergy
Brian J. Lipworth, Rory Chan
Summary: Patients with severe chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps who do not respond well to current medical and surgical therapy may benefit from targeting type 2 inflammatory cytokines (IL 4/5/13). Biologics such as mepolizumab, omalizumab, and dupilumab have shown promising results in improving nasal polyp scores and health status in clinical trials. Further real-life studies are needed to assess the response in patients at increased risk for disease recurrence.
JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Rong-San Jiang, I-Chieh Chen, Yi-Ming Chen, Tzu-Hung Hsiao, Yi-Chen Chen
Summary: This study found that polygenic risk scores developed from European populations can be applied to the Taiwanese population to predict the risk of chronic rhinosinusitis, especially for female patients with nasal polyps.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Junhu Tai, Jae-Min Shin, Jaehyung Park, Munsoo Han, Tae Hoon Kim
Summary: Oxidative stress is caused by an imbalance between reactive oxygen species production and the body's antioxidant defense system. It plays a crucial role in regulating the immune response and can contribute to various diseases. Recent studies have found that oxidative stress is important in the pathogenesis and persistence of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), attracting the attention of researchers. The relationship between reactive oxygen species and nasal polyp pathology is a key topic of interest. This article reviews the role of oxidative stress in respiratory diseases, specifically CRS, and introduces potential antioxidant therapies for targeted treatment.
Article
Otorhinolaryngology
G. Yilmaz, H. Eyigor, O. E. Gur, T. Kalkan, N. Gur, O. T. Selcuk, Ozturk Yilmaz, E. A. Cetinkaya
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between TAS2R38 genotype and surgical outcomes, as well as the active microorganism, in chronic rhinosinusitis patients. The results showed no statistically significant association between TAS2R38 genotype and CRS subtype, sinonasal bacterial infection risk increase, and surgical success rate. Further long-term and large-scale studies are needed to explore the effects of these genetic variants.
Article
Allergy
Julie A. Poposki, Aiko Klingler, Whitney W. Stevens, Lydia A. Suh, Bruce K. Tan, Anju T. Peters, Hiam Abdala-Valencia, Leslie C. Grammer, Kevin C. Welch, Stephanie S. Smith, David B. Conley, Robert C. Kern, Robert P. Schleimer, Atsushi Kato
Summary: This study found that neutrophils accumulate and are highly activated in CRSwNP in Western populations, playing a significant role in the inflammation. This finding has important implications for the pathogenesis and treatment of CRSwNP in Western countries.
JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Otorhinolaryngology
Lauren T. Roland, Alan Regenberg, Amber U. Luong, Sarah K. Wise, Elina Toskala, Kent K. Lam, Joshua M. Levy, Christine B. Franzese, Kristine Smith, Jean Kim
Summary: Biologics have been approved for use in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps patients, showing effectiveness in controlling the disease in both subjective and objective short-term outcomes. However, the high costs of biologics may pose a burden for the healthcare system with widespread and prolonged use. Cost-effectiveness analyses are needed to determine appropriate usage, along with addressing patient preferences, counseling on side effects, and healthcare economics.
INTERNATIONAL FORUM OF ALLERGY & RHINOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Florent Carsuzaa, Emilie Bequignon, Xavier Dufour, Guillaume de Bonnecaze, Jean-Claude Lecron, Laure Favot
Summary: This review summarizes the current state of knowledge regarding the cytokine signature in CRSwNP, as well as the role of cytokines in the pathogenesis of the disease and in intercellular communication between epithelial cells, fibroblasts, and inflammatory cells.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Jian-Wen Ruan, Jie-Fang Zhao, Xue-Li Li, Bo Liao, Li Pan, Ke-Zhang Zhu, Qi-Miao Feng, Jin-Xin Liu, Zi-E Yu, Jia Song, Hai Wang, Zheng Liu
Summary: In chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), tissue neutrophilia is associated with higher levels of inflammatory mediators and lower percentages of apoptotic neutrophils. Neutrophil-high nasal polyps predominantly exhibit type 1 and type 3 endotypes.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Allergy
Junqin Bai, Julia H. Huang, Caroline P. E. Price, Jacob M. Schauer, Lydia A. Suh, Regan Harmon, David B. Conley, Kevin C. Welch, Robert C. Kern, Stephanie Shintani-Smith, Anju T. Peters, Whitney W. Stevens, Atsushi Kato, Robert P. Schleimer, Bruce K. Tan
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of polyp recurrence (PR) on disease severity post-ESS and quantify the prognostic value of various clinical variables and biomarkers. The study found a significant association between PR and radiographic and sinonasal test scores post-ESS. A combined model incorporating clinical and biomarker factors accurately predicted PR.
JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Allergy
Yan Zhao, Junru Chen, Yun Hao, Boqian Wang, Yue Wang, Qinghua Liu, Jinming Zhao, Ying Li, Ping Wang, Xiangdong Wang, Peng Zhang, Luo Zhang
Summary: The study found that altered nasal microbiota constituents can be used as biomarkers to predict CRSwNP recurrence, providing new insights for the prognosis of nasal polyp patients. The nasal microbiome is an understudied source of clinical variation in CRSwNP and represents a novel therapeutic target for future prevention and treatment.
Article
Immunology
Christian D. Sadik, Ewan A. Langan, Ralf Gutzmer, Maria Isabel Fleischer, Carmen Loquai, Lydia Reinhardt, Friedegund Meier, Daniela Goeppner, Rudolf A. Herbst, Detlef Zillikens, Patrick Terheyden
Summary: This study characterized cases of Bullous pemphigoid (BP) developed during or after checkpoint inhibitor (CI) therapy, finding these cases have some peculiarities compared to spontaneous BP, with most patients achieving disease control with topical corticosteroid treatment. CI therapy could be continued in the majority of patients, and existing diagnostic algorithms for spontaneous BP can be utilized to uncover and manage CI-induced BP cases.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Maria Sandra Dominguez-Sosa, Maria Soledad Cabrera-Ramirez, Miriam del Carmen Marrero-Ramos, Delia Davila-Quintana, Carlos Cabrera-Lopez, Teresa Carrillo-Diaz, Jesus Javier Benitez del Rosario
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of mepolizumab in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) in real-life settings. A retrospective observational study was conducted on severe CRSwNP patients treated with mepolizumab. The results showed significant improvements in symptoms, polyp scores, blood eosinophils, and corticosteroid use, leading to enhanced health-related quality of life in patients with severe CRSwNP, regardless of the presence of asthma or aspirin exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD).
Article
Otorhinolaryngology
Georgia K. Tsiouma, Charalampos E. Skoulakis, Vasileios A. Lachanas, Eirini G. Sevdali, Gerasimina N. Tsinti, Zoi A. Florou, Efthymia A. Petinaki, Matthaios G. Speletas
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the role of TNFRSF13B/TACI mutations in the pathogenesis of CRSwNP, and found that they might not play a significant role.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RHINOLOGY & ALLERGY
(2023)
Article
Ophthalmology
Aruni K. Makuloluwa, Kevin J. Hamill, Saaeha Rauz, Lucy Bosworth, Atikah Haneef, Vito Romano, Rachel L. Williams, Darlene A. Dartt, Stephen B. Kaye
Summary: The conjunctiva can be damaged by various diseases, requiring conjunctival grafts for restoration of function. Research on ex vivo culture and improvement of substrates is important for tissue grafts. Understanding the composition and structure of conjunctival extracellular matrix (ECM) is crucial for developing better biological substrates.
Article
Ophthalmology
Giulia Coco, Kevin J. Hamill, Lee D. Troughton, Stephen B. Kaye, Vito Romano
Summary: This study suggests that female patients with PCED may have longer corneal epithelial wound healing time and may require more clinical visits. Therefore, earlier intervention may be needed for these patients.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Ethics
Frank G. Preston, Yanda Meng, Yalin Zheng, James Hsuan, Kevin J. Hamill, Austin G. McCormick
Summary: This study determined the effectiveness of three deidentification methods and found the most effective option. These findings provide valuable information for informed consent discussions.
JOURNAL OF EMPIRICAL RESEARCH ON HUMAN RESEARCH ETHICS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Conor J. Sugden, Valentina Iorio, Lee D. Troughton, Ke Liu, Mychel R. P. T. Morais, Rachel Lennon, George Bou-Gharios, Kevin J. Hamill
Summary: Transgenic expression of LaNt alpha 31 in mice resulted in defects in tissue morphogenesis, including extravascular bleeding, kidney epithelial detachment, tubular dilation, disruption of the epidermal basal cell layer and hair follicle outer root sheath, as well as reduced cell numbers in the liver.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Lee D. Troughton, Danielle A. O'Loughlin, Tobias Zech, Kevin J. Hamill
Summary: Laminin N-terminus alpha 31 (LaNt alpha 31) is a protein that is highly expressed in normal breast tissue and upregulated in invasive ductal carcinoma. Changes in LaNt alpha 31 expression may play a role in tumor invasion and could be a potential therapeutic target.
Review
Dermatology
Josh Turner, Danielle A. O'Loughlin, Phill Green, Tom O. McDonald, Kevin J. Hamill
Summary: As the desire and popularity of achieving a tanned appearance without UV exposure continue to grow, this review provides a comprehensive overview of dihydroxyacetone-based sunless tanning products. It covers their formulation principles, safety considerations, and various delivery vehicles used for topical application.
JOURNAL OF COSMETIC DERMATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Allergy
Masafumi Sakashita, Tetsuji Takabayashi, Yoshimasa Imoto, Tetsuya Homma, Kanako Yoshida, Kazuhiro Ogi, Yukihiro Kimura, Atsushi Kato, Whitney W. Stevens, Stephanie S. Smith, Kevin C. Welch, James E. Norton, Lydia A. Suh, Roderick G. Carter, Kathryn E. Hulse, Sudarshan Seshadri, Jin-Young Min, Kathryn L. Pothoven, David B. Conley, Bruce K. Tan, Kathleen E. Harris, Robert C. Kern, Shinichi Haruna, Yoshinori Matsuwaki, Ryosuke Ochiai, Shigeharu Fujieda, Robert P. Schleimer
Summary: This study found that patients with AERD have lower levels of retinoids, which may contribute to decreased tPA and fibrinolysis. In vitro experiments showed that retinoic acid can induce tPA production in epithelial cells and reverse the inhibitory effect of IL-13 on tPA.
JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
John Knox, George Bou-Gharios, Kevin J. Hamill, Colin E. Willoughby
Summary: Inhibiting the upregulation of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) can reduce the contractility of trabecular meshwork (TM) cells, providing a potential treatment for primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Natasha D. Chavda, Bilge Sari, Fawziah M. Asiri, Kevin J. Hamill
Summary: Basement membranes (BMs) are structured regions of the extracellular matrix that have multiple functions. The laminin (LM) family of proteins is essential for tissue integrity and plays a key role in determining context and tissue-specific functions. In addition to LM family, the netrin family and laminin N-terminus (LaNt) domain proteins also contribute to the structure and function of BMs.
BIOCHEMICAL SOCIETY TRANSACTIONS
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Bilge Sari, Ozcan Gulbey, Kevin J. Hamill
Summary: This study examined the expression of laminin genes in pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) and their relationship with clinical outcomes. The results showed that high expression of LAMA3, LAMB3, and LAMC2 genes was associated with poor patient survival, and the combined expression of these genes was a stronger predictor of outcomes than each gene alone. Additionally, cell lines with high expression of LM332 chains showed increased sensitivity to certain RTK inhibitors. These findings suggest that LM332 expression could be a useful prognostic biomarker for PAAD.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Meeting Abstract
Pathology
Fawziah M. Asiri, Lee D. Troughton, Tobias Zech, George Bou-Gharios, Kazuhiro Yamamoto, Kevin J. Hamill
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY
(2023)
Meeting Abstract
Pathology
Bilge Sari, Kevin J. Hamill, Tobias Zech, Kazuhiro Yamamoto
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY
(2023)
Meeting Abstract
Pathology
Lee D. Troughton, Danielle O' Loughlin, Bilge Sari, Colin E. Willoughby, Kevin J. Hamill
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Surgery
Jiraroch Meevassana, Kullawit Anothaisatapon, Surawish Subbalekha, Supitcha Kamolratanakul, Tippawari Siritientong, Komkrit Ruangritchankul, Pornthep Pungrasami, Kevin J. Hamill, Apichai Angsapatt, Nakarin Kitkumthorn
Summary: This study determined an increased prevalence of the BRAF V600E mutation in cutaneous melanomas in the Thai population, which was associated with adverse prognosis of patients. The results suggest that BRAF-targeted therapy may be an effective strategy for treating this mutation.
PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY-GLOBAL OPEN
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Pathology
Liam Shaw, Rachel L. Williams, Kevin Hamill
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY
(2022)