Review
Virology
Toufik Abdul-Rahman, Lukman Lawal, Emily Meale, Oyinbolaji A. Ajetunmobi, Soyemi Toluwalashe, Uthman Hassan Alao, Shankhaneel Ghosh, Neil Garg, Abdullahi Tunde Aborode, Andrew Awuah Wireko, Aashna Mehta, Kateryna Sikora
Summary: The Ebola virus has caused multiple outbreaks in Africa with high fatality rates. Social factors such as human mobility, behavior, and cultural norms contribute to the transmission risk. However, challenges including lagging vaccine production pose a risk of another outbreak.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Supriya Ravichandran, Surender Khurana
Summary: A serodiagnostic test has been developed to differentiate between individuals with EBOV infection-induced antibodies and those with EBOV vaccine-induced antibodies. This test can accurately detect Ebola virus infections and could be implemented as a robust diagnostic tool for epidemiology and surveillance during and after outbreaks, especially in countries with mass Ebola vaccinations.
Article
Immunology
Daniela Manno, Philip Ayieko, David Ishola, Muhammed O. Afolabi, Baimba Rogers, Frank Baiden, Alimamy Serry-Bangura, Osman M. Bah, Brian Kohn, Ibrahim Swaray, Kwabena Owusu-Kyei, Godfrey T. Otieno, Dickens Kowuor, Daniel Tindanbil, Elizabeth Smout, Cynthia Robinson, Babajide Keshinro, Julie Foster, Katherine Gallagher, Brett Lowe, Macaya Douoguih, Bailah Leigh, Brian Greenwood, Deborah Watson-Jones
Summary: This study investigated the association between Ebola virus antibody seropositivity and concentration, and potential risk factors for infection. Among 1,282 adults and children from a community affected by the 2014-2016 Ebola outbreak in Sierra Leone, 8% tested positive for virus antibodies without experiencing any disease symptoms. Antibody concentration was found to increase with age.
EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Helen R. Wagstaffe, Elizabeth A. Clutterbuck, Viki Bockstal, Jeroen N. Stoop, Kerstin Luhn, Macaya Douoguih, Georgi Shukarev, Matthew D. Snape, Andrew J. Pollard, Eleanor M. Riley, Martin R. Goodier
Summary: This study highlights the importance of antibody concentration and NK cell differentiation status in promoting Fc-mediated NK cell activation after Ebola virus vaccination, suggesting a potential role for antibody-mediated NK cell activation in vaccine-induced immune responses.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Almendra Rodriguez-Dominguez, Sean D. Connell, Ericka O. C. Coni, Minami Sasaki, David J. Booth, Ivan Nagelkerken
Summary: This study investigates the frequency distribution of behavioral and physiological phenotypic traits in fish under natural and controlled laboratory conditions. The results show that ocean acidification leads to a decrease in shy phenotypes, while ocean warming results in both a decrease and increase of bold phenotypes. The variance within populations is reduced in natural conditions compared to control conditions, suggesting potential reshaping of species interactions. However, these phenotypic alterations do not affect fish body condition.
Article
Respiratory System
Koos Korsten, Niels Adriaenssens, Samuel Coenen, Christopher Butler, Behnaz Ravanfar, Heather Rutter, Julie Allen, Ann Falsey, Jean-Yves Pircon, Olivier Gruselle, Vincent Pavot, Charlotte Vernhes, Sunita Balla-Jhagjhoorsingh, Deniz Oner, Gabriela Ispas, Jeroen Aerssens, Vivek Shinde, Theo Verheij, Louis Bont, Joanne Wildenbeest
Summary: This European study found that RSV infection is prevalent among community-dwelling older adults, but rarely causes severe disease. Patients with PCR-confirmed RSV ARTI had an average symptom duration of 19 days, with a doctor visit rate of 31%.
EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Ronan F. Arthur, Lily M. Horng, Fatorma K. Bolay, Amos Tandanpolie, John R. Gilstad, Lucy K. Tantum, Stephen P. Luby
Summary: Behavior change was crucial during the West African Ebola epidemic in Liberia. Trust in the government was associated with compliance, while hardships related to Ebola were linked to lower trust. Trust in international NGOs was consistently higher than trust in the government. Trust decreased significantly during the peak of the epidemic, especially in the hardest-hit community. Increase in Ebola awareness and knowledge positively influenced trust, while exposure to the epidemic reinforced mistrust of government institutions.
PLOS NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Urban Studies
Saerim Kim, Andrew Sullivan, David Lee
Summary: This study explores how local community effort aided by government and nonprofit organizations relates to interjurisdictional outcomes, finding that an increase in homeless services offered by nonprofit organizations may lead to reductions in services in neighboring communities and more homelessness. Simultaneously increasing the number of both government and nonprofit organizations can mitigate some of these negative spillovers.
Article
Immunology
Barbara E. Mahon, Jakub Simon, Marc-Alain Widdowson, Mohamed Samai, Eric Rogier, Jennifer Legardy-Williams, Kenneth Liu, Jarad Schiffer, James Lange, Carolynn DeByle, Robert Pinner, Anne Schuchat, Laurence Slutsker, Susan Goldstein
Summary: Asymptomatic adults, with or without malaria infection, showed robust immune responses to the rVSV Delta G-ZEBOV-GP vaccine lasting for 9-12 months, although those with malaria infection had slightly lower responses.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Reena H. Doshi, Stephanie C. Garbern, Shibani Kulkarni, Shiromi M. Perera, Monica K. Fleming, Rigobert Fraterne Muhayangabo, Arsene Balene Ombeni, Dieula Delissaint Tchoualeu, Ruth Kallay, Elizabeth Song, Jasmine Powell, Monique Gainey, Bailey Glenn, Ruffin Mitume Mutumwa, Stephane Hans Bateyi Mustafa, Giulia Earle-Richardson, Hongjiang Gao, Neetu Abad, Gnakub Norbert Soke, David L. Fitter, Terri B. Hyde, Dimitri Prybylski, Adam C. Levine, Mohamed F. Jalloh, Eta Ngole Mbong
Summary: This study investigated the perceptions and uptake of Ebola vaccination among healthcare workers during the Ebola outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The study found that mistrust of the vaccine was associated with lower first-offer uptake among healthcare workers. Repeated vaccination offers and addressing mistrust are necessary to improve vaccine uptake.
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Steven B. Bradfute
Summary: Ebola virus (EBOV) belongs to the filoviridae family and can cause severe disease and high lethality rates. A mouse-adapted EBOV (maEBOV) model has been developed, which has significant advantages in terms of cost, availability of reagents, and genetically modified strains. The model has been widely used in studying vaccines, therapeutic drugs, EBOV mutants, and pathogenesis, and has received numerous citations. This review will discuss the history and use of the maEBOV model in filovirus research.
ANTIVIRAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ari S. Dehn, Vicki P. Losick
Summary: In this study, van Rijnberk and colleagues demonstrate the role of polyploidy and binucleation in Caenorhabditis elegans intestinal cells, which allows for increased gene expression and the supply of lipids to oocytes, leading to optimal organismal growth and reproductive fitness.
Article
Immunology
Francesco Santoro, Alessia Donato, Simone Lucchesi, Sara Sorgi, Alice Gerlini, Marielle C. Haks, Tom H. M. Ottenhoff, Patricia Gonzalez-Dias, Helder Nakaya, Angela Huttner, Claire-Anne Siegrist, Donata Medaglini, Gianni Pozzi
Summary: Vaccination with rVSV Delta G-ZEBOV-GP induces blood host responses, including regulation of inflammation and enhanced cellular immune responses, leading to protection against Ebola virus.
Article
Immunology
Helen R. Wagstaffe, Omu Anzala, Hannah Kibuuka, Zacchaeus Anywaine, Sodiomon B. Sirima, Rodolphe Thiebaut, Laura Richert, Yves Levy, Christine Lacabaratz, Viki Bockstal, Kerstin Luhn, Macaya Douoguih, Martin R. Goodier
Summary: This study assesses the NK cell phenotype and function in African trial participants with universal exposure to HCMV, and reveals consistent changes in NK cell phenotypic composition and robust antibody-dependent NK cell function after heterologous two-dose Ebola vaccination.
Article
Immunology
Patricia Conceicao Gonzalez Dias Carvalho, Thiago Dominguez Crespo Hirata, Leandro Yukio Mano Alves, Isabelle Franco Moscardini, Ana Paula Barbosa do Nascimento, Andre G. Costa-Martins, Sara Sorgi, Ali M. Harandi, Daniela M. Ferreira, Eleonora Vianello, Marielle C. Haks, Tom H. M. Ottenhoff, Francesco Santoro, Paola Martinez-Murillo, Angela Huttner, Claire-Anne Siegrist, Donata Medaglini, Helder I. Nakaya
Summary: This study developed a machine learning approach to integrate prevaccination gene expression data with adverse events that occurred within 14 days post-vaccination, revealing key genes associated with vaccine reactogenicity.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
