Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sarhad Alnajjar, Panchan Sitthicharoenchai, Jack Gallup, Mark Ackermann, David Verhoeven
Summary: The study found that dual infection with RSV and Spn can lead to increased disease severity, possibly due to lesion development and altered immune responses rather than bacterial counts. This finding helps to better understand the pathophysiological mechanisms of co-infection of respiratory syncytial virus and Streptococcus pneumoniae.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Claudia Wilke, Nicole J. Lahiff, Kris H. Sabbi, David P. Watts, Simon W. Townsend, Katie E. Slocombe
Summary: This article examines the differences between humans and great apes in their ability to share attention with others about external entities. By observing a wild chimpanzee showing an item of interest to a conspecific, the researchers suggest that in specific social conditions, wild chimpanzees may use referential showing gestures like humans, indicating a quantitative rather than qualitative difference between humans and our closest living relatives.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Amy S. Bleakley, Paul V. Licciardi, Michael J. Binks
Summary: Vitamin D plays a crucial role in modulating immune responses and its deficiency in children is associated with increased risk of respiratory infections. While some studies have explored the immunomodulatory effects of vitamin D during challenge with respiratory pathogens, further research is needed to understand the specific mechanisms and impacts on different immune cell types in response to various pathogens.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Sarah Neal Webb, Steven Schapiro
Summary: The relationship between locomotion and welfare in captive chimpanzees is complex, but increased locomotion is generally considered to indicate improved welfare. However, there is a limited number of studies that have used locomotion as a welfare indicator. Four previously published studies showed that increased locomotion in captive chimpanzees is associated with enhanced welfare, suggesting that time spent in locomotion can be used as a sensitive measure of welfare.
Article
Zoology
Kristin Havercamp, Naruki Morimura, Satoshi Hirata
Summary: The study revealed that as chimpanzees age, they experience more frequent awakenings and shorter sleep bouts, resulting in more fragmented sleep. However, nightly sleep duration and the length of awake bouts did not differ significantly between different study periods.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Nadia Mazarakis, Rachel A. Higgins, Jeremy Anderson, Zheng Quan Toh, Rodney B. Luwor, Kenneth J. Snibson, Tom C. Karagiannis, Lien Anh Ha Do, Paul Licciardi
Summary: L-sulforaphane (LSF) is an isothiocyanate derived from cruciferous vegetables known for its anticarcinogenic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Research shows that LSF has inhibitory effects on common respiratory pathogens such as Haemophilus influenzae, but not on Streptococcus pneumoniae.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Fernanda Raya Tonetti, Patricia Clua, Kohtaro Fukuyama, Guillermo Marcial, Jacinto Sacur, Gabriela Marranzino, Mikado Tomokiyo, Guadalupe Vizoso-Pinto, Apolinaria Garcia-Cancino, Shoichiro Kurata, Haruki Kitazawa, Julio Villena
Summary: This study evaluated the effects of different non-viable Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus strains and their peptidoglycans on the respiratory immune response and primary/secondary respiratory infections. The results showed that NV1505 and NVIBL027 improved protection against viral and pneumococcal infections by modulating the respiratory immune response, while PG1505 demonstrated immunomodulatory activities distinct from other purified peptidoglycans.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Amy Fultz, Akie Yanagi, Sarah Breaux, Leilani Beaupre
Summary: This study examines how group size, location, rearing, age, and sex differences affect affiliative, aggressive, and submissive behaviors in chimpanzees during social integrations. The results show that the chimpanzees' sex, location, and group size are associated with the frequency of affiliative behaviors during social integration. All variables except group size are associated with the frequency of aggressive behavior. The frequency of submissive behavior differs based on the chimpanzees' sex, rearing history, and group size.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Laura L. Hammitt, Ron Dagan, Yuan Yuan, Manuel Baca Cots, Miroslava Bosheva, Shabir A. Madhi, William J. Muller, Heather J. Zar, Dennis Brooks, Amy Grenham, Ulrika Wahlby Hamren, Vaishali S. Mankad, Pin Ren, Therese Takas, Michael E. Abram, Amanda Leach, M. Pamela Griffin, Tonya Villafana
Summary: A single injection of nirsevimab administered before the RSV season protected healthy late-preterm and term infants from medically attended RSV-associated lower respiratory tract infection.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Rafaela S. C. Takeshita, Melissa K. Edler, Richard S. Meindl, Chet C. Sherwood, William D. Hopkins, Mary Ann Raghanti
Summary: This study investigated the relationship between DHEAS levels and age, as well as the potential associations between the DHEAS/cortisol ratio and cognitive function in chimpanzees. The results showed that DHEAS levels declined with age and the DHEAS/cortisol ratio was positively correlated with spatial cognition.
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
William D. D. Hopkins, Michele M. M. Mulholland, Mary Catherine Mareno, Sarah J. Neal Webb, Steven J. J. Schapiro
Summary: Declarative and imperative joint attention are crucial developmental milestones in human infants, with implications for language development. While chimpanzees as a group perform better than chance in receptive joint attention tasks, individual performance did not show significant differences. The performance in object choice tasks was not significantly heritable, and there were no significant effects of sex, rearing history, or colony, suggesting a complex interplay of factors influencing task performance. The differences in gray matter covariation between those who passed and failed the task suggest potential implications for the importance of social brain networks in both human and nonhuman primate social cognition.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
William D. Hopkins, Oliver Coulon, Adrien Meguerditchian, Nicky Staes, Chet C. Sherwood, Steven J. Schapiro, Jean-Francois Mangin, Brenda Bradley
Summary: This study examined the role of genetic factors in individual variation in superior temporal sulcus (STS) morphology in chimpanzees. The results showed significant correlations between single nucleotide polymorphisms in the KIAA0319 and AVPR1A genes and STS depth and lateralization, but no significant effects on surface area and depth measures for the central sulcus. The overall findings suggest that genetic factors contribute to a small to moderate amount of variation in STS morphology in chimpanzees.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Adrienne B. Chitayat, Serge A. Wich, Matthew Lewis, Fiona A. Stewart, Alex K. Piel
Summary: Understanding the ecological factors affecting chimpanzee density in Mahale Mountains National Park is crucial for conservation efforts, with nest density being linked to food and nesting tree availability, topographic features, and the diversity of feeding tree species. This study provides valuable baseline data for monitoring and protecting this endangered species in Tanzania.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Sherri A. Powledge, Taylor B. McAtee, Amelia R. Woolums, T. Robin Falkner, John T. Groves, Merilee Thoresen, Robert Valeris-Chacin, John T. Richeson
Summary: Vaccination with modified-live virus (MLV) did not have a clear impact on the health or growth of high-risk calves, but intranasal MLV vaccination was associated with increased carriage of Histophilus somni (Hs) in the naris and reduced culture of Mannheimia haemolytica (Mh) from lung tissue samples. This suggests that intranasal MLV vaccination can alter the microbial community in the respiratory tract of cattle.
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Ecology
Cassandra K. Bugir, Thomas M. Butynski, Matt W. Hayward
Summary: The common chimpanzee is the closest living relative of modern humans, and research has shown that they are not just herbivorous, but also use various techniques to hunt a variety of prey species. Their prey preferences are influenced by the sex ratio within chimpanzee groups. Studying chimpanzee hunting behavior and diet can provide valuable information for conservation management and contribute to a better understanding of the evolution of human hunting behavior.
ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2021)
Article
Zoology
Elena P. Cunningham, Steve Unwin, Joanna M. Setchell
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY
(2015)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
James Chatterton, Steve Unwin, Ihtesham ur Rehman, Julie M. Bridson-Walton
JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE
(2015)
Article
Pathology
J. M. Monne Rodriguez, J. Chantrey, S. Unwin, R. Verin
JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PATHOLOGY
(2017)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Rebeca Atencia, Eric J. Stohr, Aimee L. Drane, Mike Stembridge, Glyn Howatson, Pablo Rodriguez Lopez del Rio, Yedra Feltrer, Babila Tafon, Sharon Redrobe, Bruce Peck, Jaclyn Eng, Steve Unwin, Carlos R. Sanchez, Rob E. Shave
JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE
(2017)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
James Chatterton, Steve Unwin, Javier Lopez, Julian Chantrey
JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE
(2017)
Article
Zoology
Steve Unwin, Ian Robinson, Vanessa Schmidt, Chris Colin, Lisa Ford, Tatyana Humle
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY
(2012)
Article
Parasitology
B. Boufana, M. F. Stidworthy, S. Bell, J. Chantrey, N. Masters, S. Unwin, R. Wood, R. P. Lawrence, A. Potter, J. McGarry, S. Redrobe, R. Killick, A. P. Foster, S. Mitchell, A. G. Greenwood, Y. Sako, M. Nakao, A. Ito, K. Wyatt, B. Lord, P. S. Craig
VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY
(2012)
Editorial Material
Zoology
Elena P. Cunningham, Steve Unwin
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY
(2018)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Aimee L. Drane, Rebeca Atencia, Stephen-Mark Cooper, Pablo Rodriguez, Carlos Sanchez, Sarah Simcox, Yedra Feltrer, Bruce Peck, Jaclyn Eng, Sophie Moittie, Steve Unwin, Glyn Howatson, David Oxborough, Mike R. Stembridge, Rob E. Shave
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH
(2019)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
William R. Proto, Sasha Siegel, Selasi Dankwa, Weimin Liu, Alison Kemp, Sarah Marsden, Zenon A. Zenonos, Steve Unwin, Paul M. Sharp, Gavin J. Wright, Beatrice H. Hahn, Manoj T. Duraisingh, Julian C. Rayner
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2019)
Correction
Multidisciplinary Sciences
William R. Proto, Sasha V. Siegel, Selasi Dankwa, Weimin Liu, Alison Kemp, Sarah Marsden, Zenon A. Zenonos, Steve Unwin, Paul M. Sharp, Gavin J. Wright, Beatrice H. Hahn, Manoj T. Duraisingh, Julian C. Rayner
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Zoology
Steve Unwin, Raffaella Commitante, Andrew Moss, Elinor Bridges, Kay H. Farmer, Ricko Laino Jaya, Yenny S. Saraswati, Citrakasih Nente, Indarjulianto Soedarmanto, Fransiska Sulistyo, Sumita Sugnaseelan
Summary: One Health is utilized for ecosystem protection with the Orangutan Veterinary Advisory Group (OVAG) focusing on Pongo spp. welfare. Strengthening national capacity is essential for the survival of orangutan species. OVAG's network enhances professional development and supports conservation outcomes effectively.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Julie Sherman, Steve Unwin, Dominic A. Travis, Felicity Oram, Serge A. Wich, Ricko L. Jaya, Maria Voigt, Truly Santika, Emily Massingham, Dave J. I. Seaman, Erik Meijaard, Marc Ancrenaz
Summary: The article discusses orangutan releases and disease risk management in Indonesia during the COVID-19 pandemic. It highlights the potential exposure of translocated orangutans to human diseases, posing risks to wild populations and previously released individuals. Recommendations include conducting a Disease Risk Analysis for orangutan translocation and improving pathogen surveillance and mitigation measures.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Aimee L. Drane, Rebeca Atencia, Stephen-Mark Cooper, Yedra Feltrer, Thalita Calvi, Tai Strike, Christopher Palmer, Sarah Simcox, Pablo Rodriguez, Carlos Sanchez, Hester van Bolhuis, Bruce Peck, Jaclyn Eng, Sophie Moittie, Steve Unwin, Glyn Howatson, David Oxborough, Mike R. Stembridge, Rob E. Shave
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH
(2020)