Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Xin Yang, Wei-dong Xu, Jun Liu, Qi Jia, Heng Liu, Jian-guo Ran, Liang Zhou, Yue Zhang, You -bin Hao, Chao-chang Liu
Summary: A small-spot deformation camouflage design algorithm based on background texture matching is proposed to improve the fusion between the spots of deformation camouflage and the background. The combination of spots and textures enhances the fusion of the spot pattern and the background. An adversarial autoencoder convolutional network is designed to extract background texture features and improve the clarity of the generated texture pattern and the generalization ability of the model.
DEFENCE TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Ana Paula Soares, Francisco-Javier Gutierrez-Dominguez, Alexandrina Lages, Helena M. Oliveira, Margarida Vasconcelos, Luis Jimenez
Summary: From an early age, exposure to spoken language enables us to implicitly learn its structure and the meanings of words. Statistical learning is assumed to play a crucial role in the acquisition of language rules, but its developmental trajectory is disputed. This study collected neural data from children and adults and found that both groups rely on different mechanisms for extracting word-like units from continuous speech, suggesting that auditory statistical learning with linguistic materials changes throughout development.
FRONTIERS IN HUMAN NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Yongjia Qiu, Hua Yang, Dapeng Zhao, Zhengdong Cheng, Bin Zhu, Qinyu Zhang
Summary: This paper constructs a background-independent evaluation model for the infrared jamming effectiveness of false targets using a co-saliency detection model and an improved perceptual similarity algorithm. The model can quantitatively reflect the infrared jamming effectiveness of a single false target, distinguish the infrared jamming effectiveness of different types of false targets, and exhibit stronger robustness than traditional evaluation models.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Gopal Murali, Soumen Mallick, Ullasa Kodandaramaiah
Summary: The complexity of the background influences camouflage effectiveness in heterogeneous backgrounds. When there is low heterogeneity, background complexity affects the time it takes for generalists to be attacked. In contrast, at high levels of heterogeneity, generalists are more likely to be attacked sooner compared to specialists regardless of background complexity.
BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY AND SOCIOBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biology
Zeke W. Rowe, Daniel J. D. Austin, Nicol Chippington, William Flynn, Finn Starkey, Edward J. Wightman, Nicholas E. Scott-Samuel, Innes C. Cuthill
Summary: Camouflage is crucial for animal survival, but background complexity also plays a role in detectability. Experimental findings show that even poorly camouflaged animals can benefit from high visual complexity backgrounds, reducing their detectability and increasing their chances of survival. The study suggests that complex backgrounds can mitigate the effects of poor camouflage, impacting both camouflage evolution and habitat preferences.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Ecology
Nathan W. Burke, Gregory Holwell
Summary: This study investigates the plasticity of body coloration in the springbok mantis and finds strong evidence of developmental plasticity for background matching. The green background induces a higher incidence of the all-green phenotype, while the brown background produces more of the all-brown and mixed phenotypes. The study also shows different levels of environmental sensitivity in different body parts.
FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Anna E. Hughes, Emmanuelle S. Briolat, Lina Maria Arenas, Eric Liggins, Martin Stevens
Summary: Background-matching camouflage is an effective strategy to reduce detection, but implementing this on heterogeneous backgrounds is challenging. This study tested the benefits of specializing and generalizing for complex targets, and found that specialization is beneficial on average, but the success varies with search duration.
BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Akhil Sadiq, Ullasa Kodandaramaiah
Summary: Color diversity in the background hinders predators' detection of prey, whereas luminance diversity has no effect. Animals' camouflage can be affected by the visual complexity of the background, with color diversity playing a less studied role. Our study using chickens and artificial backgrounds found that color diversity in the background delays prey detection, while color diversity in prey and luminance diversity in the background have no impact on detection time.
BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Julia Moser, Laura Batterink, Yiwen Li Hegner, Franziska Schleger, Christoph Braun, Ken A. Paller, Hubert Preissl
Summary: Humans are highly sensitive to patterns in the environment and use statistical learning for cognition. This study examined the neural mechanisms of statistical learning using an auditory nonlinguistic paradigm. Neural entrainment reflects implicit learning of patterns, while the emergence of explicit knowledge varies across individuals depending on factors such as attention and exposure time.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Laura Twort, Martin Stevens
Summary: Camouflage plays a vital role in preventing and facilitating predation. The behavior of animals in selecting appropriate substrates contributes to their camouflage. By conducting substrate choice experiments, we found that shore crabs tend to choose substrates matching their own appearance in terms of brightness. This study helps explain the phenotype-environment associations observed in shore crabs and sheds light on how individuals can maintain camouflage in visually variable environments.
Article
Biology
Jasmin Rout, Sujogya Kumar Panda, Gunanidhi Sahoo
Summary: This study examined the effects of background illumination on visual interaction in tadpoles of eight sympatric anuran species. The majority of tadpoles preferred shaded areas as effective camouflage, although one species, Microhyla ornata, showed a preference for brighter areas. The color of the background did not significantly affect tadpole behavior. These findings highlight the importance of low illuminated/shaded backgrounds for behavioral responses in tadpoles.
JOURNAL OF BIOSCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Robert I. Moise, Georgina R. Eccles, Claudia Mettke-Hofmann
Summary: This study examined the preferences of birds for background environments. The results showed that birds of different sexes and head colors have different preferences for backgrounds. These differences should be considered when designing aviaries in zoos.
Article
Zoology
Leonie John, Matteo Santon, Nico K. Michiels
Summary: This study examined whether two species of scorpionfish adjust their body luminance and hue in response to different backgrounds to achieve background matching. The results showed that both species are able to rapidly change their luminance and hue within seconds to adapt to environmental changes. Although the achieved background matching was suboptimal for the artificial backgrounds, these changes are believed to be an essential strategy for reducing detectability and camouflaging in the natural environment.
FRONTIERS IN ZOOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Xiuxia Cai, Pin Zhang, Shuaibin Du
Summary: In this paper, a new automatic camouflage generation framework is proposed. The method can extract features from both background and traditional camouflage patterns, and optimize the generated camouflage to approximate the statistical information of the background and pattern. The new camouflage pattern contains color and texture information of the background while meeting the traditional camouflage criteria.
MULTIMEDIA SYSTEMS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Karl Loeffler-Henry, Changku Kang, Thomas N. Sherratt
Summary: The initial evolution of aposematism in unprofitable prey is considered a paradox, but it is suggested that hidden warning signals may have played a role. This study examines amphibian antipredation coloration and finds that the transition from camouflage to aposematism often involves an intermediate stage of cryptic species. Accounting for this intermediate step can help explain the evolution of aposematism.