Article
Virology
Antonio Solis-Leal, Summer Siddiqui, Fei Wu, Mahesh Mohan, Wenhui Hu, Lara A. Doyle-Meyers, Jason P. Dufour, Binhua Ling
Summary: The basal ganglia in SIV-infected chRMs have a high frequency of SIV even on ART, indicating ongoing neuroinflammation. Plasma CCL2 may serve as a biomarker for neuroinflammation.
Article
Cell Biology
Nongthombam Boby, Alyssa Ransom, Barcley T. Pace, Kelsey M. Williams, Christopher Mabee, Arpita Das, Sudesh K. Srivastav, Edith Porter, Bapi Pahar
Summary: Increased production of TGF-beta was observed in intestinal CD3(-)CD20(-)CD68(+) cells from SIV-infected rhesus macaques, which negatively correlated with the frequency of jejunum CD4(+) T cells. Disruption of a negative feedback loop mediated by SMAD7 may enhance TGF-beta production and SMAD-dependent signaling in SIV infection.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Benjamin D. Varco-Merth, William Brantley, Alejandra Marenco, Derick D. Duell, Devin N. Fachko, Brian Richardson, Kathleen Busman-Sahay, Danica Shao, Walter Flores, Kathleen Engelman, Yoshinori Fukazawa, Scott W. Wong, Rebecca L. Skalsky, Jeremy Smedley, Michael K. Axthelm, Jeffrey D. Lifson, Jacob D. Estes, Paul T. Edlefsen, Louis J. Picker, Cheryl M. A. Cameron, Timothy J. Henrich, Afam A. Okoye
Summary: Inhibiting mTOR can decrease the proliferation of CD4(+)TM cells, but chronic mTOR inhibition alone or in combination with T cell activation is not sufficient to disrupt the stability of the SIV reservoir.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2022)
Article
Virology
Saori Matsuoka, Takeo Kuwata, Hiroshi Ishii, Tsuyoshi Sekizuka, Makoto Kuroda, Masato Sano, Midori Okazaki, Hiroyuki Yamamoto, Mikiko Shimizu, Shuzo Matsushita, Yohei Seki, Akatsuki Saito, Hiromi Sakawaki, Vanessa M. Hirsch, Tomoyuki Miura, Hirofumi Akari, Tetsuro Matano
Summary: This study found a potent antibody induction associated with germ line BCR/antibody Ig gene polymorphism in rhesus macaques infected with SIV. The results demonstrate that a single nucleotide polymorphism in germ line Ig genes could be a determinant for induction of potent antibodies against virus infection. Germ line BCR/antibody Ig gene polymorphisms may be a factor restricting effective antibody induction or responsiveness to vaccination.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Matthew P. Wood, Chloe I. Jones, Adriana Lippy, Brian G. Oliver, Brynn Walund, Katherine A. Fancher, Bridget S. Fisher, Piper J. Wright, James T. Fuller, Patience Murapa, Jakob Habib, Maud Mavigner, Ann Chahroudi, D. Noah Sather, Deborah H. Fuller, Donald L. Sodora
Summary: This study evaluated immunological and virological parameters in 25 SIV-infected infant rhesus macaques and found that RP infants exhibited low levels of plasma anti-SIV antibody and high viral loads, with 11 out of 25 macaques showing an RP phenotype. Abnormalities in various immune cell populations in RP infants contributed to immune system impairment, ultimately leading to rapid disease progression.
Article
Immunology
Dan Liu, Jiaojiao Liu, Tingting Xu, Hongwei Qiao, Yu Qi, Yuxun Gao, Ailixire, Lei Gao, Chunlin Li, Mingrui Xia, Hongjun Li
Summary: Using SIV-infected macaques as a model, this study found brain volume changes at 12 weeks post-infection in various brain regions. Despite early initiation of cART after SIV infection, brain atrophy in macaques was still observed, with signs of potential reversibility. Plasma viral load was associated with subcortical nucleus volume, while CD4(+) T-cell count and CD4(+)/CD8(+) ratio in plasma were linked to widespread cortical volume changes.
Article
Virology
Isabelle M. Castro, Michael J. Ricciardi, Lucas Gonzalez-Nieto, Eva G. Rakasz, Jeffrey D. Lifson, Ronald C. Desrosiers, David Watkins, Mauricio A. Martins
Summary: This study tracks the long-term effects of an AIDS vaccine on rhesus macaques, showing sustained anti-SIV immune responses and successful protection against a second round of rectal SIV exposure. These findings are relevant for the development of HIV vaccines.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Samuel D. Johnson, Lindsey A. Knight, Narendra Kumar, Omalla A. Olwenyi, Michellie Thurman, Smriti Mehra, Mahesh Mohan, Siddappa N. Byrareddy
Summary: Despite advances in cART, gastrointestinal dysfunction remains a problem for PLWH. Recent research suggests that treatment with anti-alpha(4)beta(7) mAbs can increase the maturity of macrophage phenotypes and is associated with tissue viral loads and gut dysbiosis markers. These findings offer new avenues for studying pathogenic mucosal immune response during HIV/SIV infection.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Virology
Widade Ziani, Anya Bauer, Hong Lu, Xiaolei Wang, Xueling Wu, Katharine J. Bar, Hui Li, Dongfang Liu, George M. Shaw, Ronald S. Veazey, Huanbin Xu
Summary: The newly developed SHIV.C.CH848 can establish sustained viremia and viral reservoirs in rhesus macaques with clinical immunodeficiency consequences, providing a valuable SHIV model for HIV research. The findings suggest that this CCR5-tropic, SHIVC strain is valuable for testing responses to HIV vaccines and therapeutics in nonhuman primate models.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Samuel D. Johnson, Howard S. Fox, Shilpa Buch, Siddappa N. Byrareddy
Summary: People living with HIV are at higher risk of opioid misuse due to chronic pain prescriptions and injection drug use. Recent research shows that chronic opioid use in the context of HIV and SIV infection may disrupt the gut-brain axis and lead to dysbiosis. Additional research is needed to further understand the complex interaction between host, opioid abuse, and HIV/SIV infection.
JOURNAL OF NEUROIMMUNE PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
John K. Maxi, Brittany L. Foret, Angela M. Amedee, Lee S. McDaniel, Steve Nelson, Liz Simon, Scott Edwards, Patricia E. Molina
Summary: The study found that ART can reduce viral loads and neuroinflammatory gene expression regardless of CBA administration. However, ART does not alleviate BDNF signaling deficits caused by SIV and CBA, suggesting that these deficits may explain the neurocognitive impairments associated with CBA and SIV. Therapeutics targeting growth factor signaling may be important adjuvants in treating HIV-associated neurocognitive decline.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Peter Vanes Ebasone, Nasheeta Peer, Anastase Dzudie, Andre Pascal Kengne
Summary: This protocol aims to estimate the global prevalence of selected cardiometabolic risk factors in ART-naive PLHIV and their association with HIV specific factors. The study will conduct a systematic search and analysis of observational studies to collect relevant data.
Article
Immunology
Eduardo L. Silveira, Jung Joo Hong, Praveen K. Amancha, Kenneth A. Rogers, Aftab A. Ansari, Siddappa N. Byrareddy, Francois Villinger
Summary: This study found that viral loads in blood and lymph nodes may regulate the dynamics of SIV gp140-specific ASCs during and after ART in rhesus macaques. The response of SIV gp140-specific ASCs was directly correlated with viremia or SIV Env-specific IgG titres, and inversely correlated with the percentage of total memory B cells.
Article
Cell Biology
Ines Frank, Mariasole Cigoli, Muhammad S. Arif, Marissa D. Fahlberg, Stephanie Maldonado, Giulia Calenda, Amarendra Pegu, Eun Sung Yang, Reda Rawi, Gwo-Yu Chuang, Hui Geng, Cuiping Liu, Tongqing Zhou, Peter D. Kwong, James Arthos, Claudia Cicala, Brooke F. Grasperge, James L. Blanchard, Agegnehu Gettie, Christine M. Fennessey, Brandon F. Keele, Monica Vaccari, Thomas J. Hope, Anthony S. Fauci, John R. Mascola, Elena Martinelli
Summary: In this study, it was found that combining bNAbs with Rh-α(4)β(7) integrin blockade delayed viral rebound in SHIVSF162P3-infected macaques compared to treatment with bNAbs alone. The combination therapy showed a modest prolongation of virologic control in some macaques, indicating the potential benefit of targeting both bNAbs and integrin alpha(4)beta(7) in antiviral therapy.
SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Harry J. Whitlow, Naresh T. Deoli, Armin de Vera, Karen Morgan, Francois Villinger
Summary: The study used PIXE to compare jejunal tissue samples from simian immunodeficiency virus-infected and control rhesus macaques, revealing significant differences in the concentrations of titanium, manganese, and iron between viremic and control tissues, likely due to the animals ingesting paint fragments from their cages.
PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI A-APPLICATIONS AND MATERIALS SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Jacob K. Flynn, Charlotte A. Langner, Erik P. Karmele, Phillip J. Baker, Luxin Pei, Edlawit G. Gorfu, Rachele M. Bochart, Marianita Santiana, Margery G. Smelkinson, Thomas B. Nutman, Nihal Altan-Bonnet, Steven E. Bosinger, Brian L. Kelsall, Jason M. Brenchley, Alexandra M. Ortiz
Summary: Microbial translocation plays a role in persistent inflammation in both treated and untreated HIV infection. The study demonstrates alterations in intestinal epithelial microvesicle cargo after progressive SIV infection, affecting the growth of translocating bacterial taxa. These findings could potentially lead to the development of new therapeutics for chronic HIV infection, microbial translocation, and inflammation.
MUCOSAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Rachele M. Bochart, Kathleen Busman-Sahay, Stephen Bondoc, David W. Morrow, Alexandra M. Ortiz, Christine M. Fennessey, Miranda B. Fischer, Oriene Shiel, Tonya Swanson, Christine M. Shriver-Munsch, Hugh B. Crank, Kimberly M. Armantrout, Aaron M. Barber-Axthelm, Charlotte Langner, Cassandra R. Moats, Caralyn S. Labriola, Rhonda MacAllister, Michael K. Axthelm, Jason M. Brenchley, Brandon F. Keele, Jacob D. Estes, Scott G. Hansen, Jeremy V. Smedley
Summary: The study demonstrated that a short-course multimodal therapy effectively eliminated common macaque endemic pathogens, improved GI microbiota, mucosal integrity, and inflammation. Establishing a GI pathogen free (GPF) status resulted in enhanced colonic mucosal barrier function, decreased inflammation, and improved consistency in animal models.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Krystelle Nganou-Makamdop, Aarthi Talla, Ashish Arunkumar Sharma, Sam Darko, Amy Ransier, Farida Laboune, Jeffrey G. Chipman, Gregory J. Beilman, Torfi Hoskuldsson, Slim Fourati, Thomas E. Schmidt, Sahaana Arumugam, Noemia S. Lima, Damee Moon, Samuel Callisto, Jordan Schoephoerster, Jeffery Tomalka, Peter Mugyenyi, Francis Ssali, Proscovia Muloma, Patrick Ssengendo, Ana R. Leda, Ryan K. Cheu, Jacob K. Flynn, Antigoni Morou, Elsa Brunet-Ratnasingham, Benigno Rodriguez, Michael M. Lederman, Daniel E. Kaufmann, Nichole R. Klatt, Cissy Kityo, Jason M. Brenchley, Timothy W. Schacker, Rafick P. Sekaly, Daniel C. Douek
Summary: The study found that changes in microbial composition after HIV treatment initiation have a significant impact on immune cell numbers and overall immune status. High Serratia abundance is associated with pro-inflammatory cytokines and metabolites that may contribute to immune cell recovery. Subsequently, the decrease in Serratia abundance and regulation of inflammatory cytokines promote the re-establishment of systemic T cell homeostasis.
Article
Microbiology
Maria Pino, Susan Pereira Ribeiro, Amelie Pagliuzza, Khader Ghneim, Anum Khan, Emily Ryan, Justin L. Harper, Colin T. King, Sarah Welbourn, Luca Micci, Sol Aldrete, Keith A. Delman, Theron Stuart, Michael Lowe, Jason M. Brenchley, Cynthia A. Derdeyn, Kirk Easley, Rafick P. Sekaly, Nicolas Chomont, Mirko Paiardini, Vincent C. Marconi
Summary: Clinical outcomes are inferior in individuals with HIV experiencing suboptimal CD4 T-cell recovery during ART. The study found that immunologic suboptimal responders (ISR) had higher HIV-DNA levels in multiple CD4 T-cell subsets and higher expression of PD-1 and TIGIT exclusively on CM and TM CD4 T-cells pre-ART, indicating higher HIV reservoir maintenance. Additionally, ISR showed a lack of response to IL-7 and IL-15, potentially contributing to suboptimal CD4 T-cell recovery during ART.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Xueqiao Liu, Cindy Luongo, Yumiko Matsuoka, Hong-Su Park, Celia Santos, Lijuan Yang, Ian N. Moore, Sharmin Afroz, Reed F. Johnson, Bernard A. P. Lafont, Craig Martens, Sonja M. Best, Vincent J. Munster, Jaroslav Holly, Jonathan W. Yewdell, Cyril Le Nouen, Shirin Munir, Ursula J. Buchholz
Summary: The study developed a promising live intranasal vector vaccine against COVID-19, showing strong immune responses in experiments and broad neutralizing activity against various lineages of SARS-CoV-2.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Jason M. Brenchley, Alexandra M. Ortiz
Summary: In the NHP model, observations of differing bacterial and intestinal microbiomes following SIV infection are inconsistent, and clear experimental assessments are lacking. Despite compelling associations, the defined contributions of the microbiome to HIV and SIV disease remain unclear.
CURRENT HIV/AIDS REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Alexandra M. Ortiz, Jennifer Simpson, Charlotte A. Langner, Phillip J. Baker, Cynthia Aguilar, Kelsie Brooks, Jacob K. Flynn, Carol L. Vinton, Andrew R. Rahmberg, Heather D. Hickman, Jason M. Brenchley
Summary: Supplementation with sodium butyrate did not significantly improve immune reconstitution or reduce inflammation in ARV-treated, SIV-infected rhesus macaques, suggesting that this therapeutic approach may not be effective in reducing comorbidities and mortalities in treated individuals living with HIV.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Christine E. Nelson, Sivaranjani Namasivayam, Taylor W. Foreman, Keith D. Kauffman, Shunsuke Sakai, Danielle E. Dorosky, Nickiana E. Lora, Kelsie Brooks, E. Lake Potter, Nicole L. Garza, Bernard A. P. Lafont, Reed F. Johnson, Mario Roederer, Alan Sher, Daniela Weiskopf, Alessandro Sette, Emmie de Wit, Heather D. Hickman, Jason M. Brenchley, Laura E. Via, Daniel L. Barber
Summary: This study used rhesus macaques to model mild COVID-19 and found that SARS-CoV-2 replication decreases in the lungs, nasal, and oral mucosa before antigen-specific effector T cells arrive, suggesting that innate immunity efficiently restricts viral replication during mild COVID-19.
SCIENCE IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alexander C. Y. Foo, Bernard A. P. Lafont, Geoffrey A. Mueller
Summary: In this study, the lytic and antiviral activities of mosquito protein AEG12 were modified by replacing the endogenous fatty acid ligands with hydrophobic viral inhibitors. These findings provide valuable insights into the development of broad-spectrum antiviral therapeutics based on the AEG12 protein scaffold.
Article
Immunology
Hong-Su Park, Yumiko Matsuoka, Cindy Luongo, Lijuan Yang, Celia Santos, Xueqiao Liu, Laura R. H. Ahlers, Ian N. Moore, Sharmin Afroz, Reed F. Johnson, Bernard A. P. Lafont, David W. Dorward, Elizabeth R. Fischer, Craig Martens, Siba K. Samal, Shirin Munir, Ursula J. Buchholz, Cyril Le Nouen
Summary: This study used avian paramyxovirus type 3 (APMV3) as an intranasal vaccine vector to express the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein. It was found that a single intranasal dose of APMV3/S-6P induced strong antibody responses and provided protection against SARS-CoV-2, demonstrating high immunogenicity and safety.
Article
Agronomy
Khanh-Van Ho, Novianus Efrat, Kathy L. Schreiber, Phuc H. Vo, Marco N. De Canha, Analike Blom van Staden, Bianca D. Payne, Carel B. Oosthuizen, Danielle Twilley, Zhentian Lei, Lloyd W. Sumner, Charles R. Brown, Namrita Lall, Chung-Ho Lin
Summary: This study evaluated the anti-inflammatory properties of switchgrass and identified compounds in switchgrass extracts that inhibit the expression of inflammatory mediators. Different cultivars of switchgrass showed varying degrees of inhibition on the secretion of inflammatory mediators. Metabolomics and chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses were used to identify bioactive anti-inflammatory compounds in switchgrass. The Alamo and Kanlow cultivars of switchgrass showed potential as a natural source of anti-inflammatory compounds.
Article
Immunology
Christa D. Jackson, Kinsey A. Hilliard, Charles R. Brown
Summary: The deficiency of 12/15-lipoxygenase (12/15-LO) exacerbates ankle swelling and arthritis severity in Lyme arthritis, suggesting that 12/15-LO lipid metabolites play a crucial role in resolving inflammatory arthritis. Therapeutic treatment with lipoxin A4 (LXA(4)) can alleviate joint edema and pain in Lyme arthritis patients.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Oyebola O. Oyesola, Kerry L. Hilligan, Sivaranjani Namasivayam, Nina Howard, Chad S. Clancy, Mingming Zhao, Sandra D. Oland, Kasalina N. Kiwanuka, Nicole L. Garza, Bernard A. P. Lafont, Reed F. Johnson, Katrin D. Mayer-Barber, Alan Sher, P'ng Loke
Summary: Regions with endemic helminth infections have lower COVID-19 severity and mortality. Research shows that lung remodeling caused by previous infection with a lung-migrating helminth, Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, enhances viral clearance and survival in mice infected with SARS-CoV-2. This protection is linked to increased accumulation of specific CD8(+) T cells and is dependent on the presence of macrophages with a type 2 transcriptional and epigenetic signature.
SCIENCE IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Meeting Abstract
Immunology
Christa D. Jackson, Charles R. Brown
JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
