Article
Virology
J. M. Sanchez-Carvajal, I. M. Rodriguez-Gomez, I Ruedas-Torres, S. Zaldivar-Lopez, F. Larenas-Munoz, R. Bautista-Moreno, J. J. Garrido, F. J. Pallares, L. Carrasco, J. Gomez-Laguna
Summary: Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) has evolved strategies to evade immune surveillance and modulate host immune responses. This study revealed a complex network of molecular mechanisms controlling the immunopathogenesis of PRRSV-1 infection at the lung level. The dysregulation of T-cell signaling pathways, upregulation of co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory immune checkpoints, and modulation of pro- and anti-inflammatory responses were observed. The findings suggest that the co-inhibitory and co-stimulatory immune checkpoints play a pivotal role in PRRSV-1 infection and may have an impact on T-cell activation and related pathways.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Tiphany Chrun, Emmanuel A. Maze, Eleni Vatzia, Veronica Martini, Basudev Paudyal, Matthew D. Edmans, Adam McNee, Tanuja Manjegowda, Francisco J. Salguero, Nanchaya Wanasen, Surapong Koonpaew, Simon P. Graham, Elma Tchilian
Summary: The study indicated that co-infection of PRRSV-2 and swine influenza H3N2 virus weakened the protective effect of PRRS modified live virus vaccine while enhancing antibody responses. In contrast, co-infection in non-immunized animals helped reduce viral load and potentiate T cell responses. The upregulation of inhibitory cytokines gene expression in vaccinated pigs' lungs may have influenced responses to H3N2 and PRRSV-2.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Zhuang-Yan Zhao, De Yu, Chun-Miao Ji, Qiankun Zheng, Yao-Wei Huang, Bin Wang
Summary: New analysis suggests that seven arteriviruses isolated from rodents may be ancestors of PRRSV. These viruses share genetic similarities, genome organization, and other characteristics with PRRSV. The evolutionary analysis reveals the close relationship between four rodent arteriviruses and PRRSV, shedding light on the origin and evolution of PRRSV and other arteriviruses.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Jiankui Liu, Liling Lai, Ye Xu, Yuan Yang, Jiarui Li, Chen Liu, Cuiqin Hunag, Chunhua Wei
Summary: Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a significant pathogen in the Chinese swine industry. This study analyzed the genetic sequences of four PRRSV isolates and found evidence of recombination and variations in homology between different strains. These findings are important for understanding the transmission and evolution of PRRSV.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Virology
Yeeun Kim, Kyung Min Lee, Guehwan Jang, Changhee Lee
Summary: This study reports the genome sequence and molecular characterization of a novel PHEV strain, GNU-2113, identified in diarrheic neonates in South Korea. The strain shows low similarity to existing PHEV genotypes, indicating significant evolution under endemic pressure.
ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY
(2022)
Review
Microbiology
Xin-xin Chen, Songlin Qiao, Rui Li, Jing Wang, Xuewu Li, Gaiping Zhang
Summary: By studying how PRRSV evades host immune responses, we can understand that the virus establishes long-term infection through various complex mechanisms, which is a major obstacle in controlling PRRS disease. Understanding the exact mechanisms of PRRSV immune evasion will contribute to the development of novel antiviral strategies.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Qin Luo, Yajie Zheng, Hang Zhang, Zhiyu Yang, Huiyang Sha, Weili Kong, Mengmeng Zhao, Nina Wang
Summary: Research on the GP5 protein is crucial for the diagnosis, prevention, and control of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). We provide a summary of its genetic variation, immunity, replication, apoptosis, virulence, and interaction with viral and host proteins, which lays a foundation for understanding PRRSV replication mechanisms and vaccine development.
Article
Virology
I. Mostert, R. Bester, D. Aldrich, M. Visser, I. Gazendam, M. Cloete, H. J. Maree, J. T. Burger
Summary: Ornithogalum virus 3 (OV3) is a virus affecting commercial cultivation of Ornithogalum thyrsoides, causing damage to plants and flowers. Through high-throughput sequencing and other methods, researchers have successfully determined the complete genome sequence of OV3.
ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Jordan T. T. VanderBurgt, Ondre Harper, Christopher P. P. Garnham, Susanne E. E. Kohalmi, Rima Menassa
Summary: This research aimed to display antigenic portions of the M and GP5 proteins on the surface of tobacco mosaic virus-like particles. The modified tobacco mosaic virus coat protein (TMVc) was expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana plants and resulted in self-assembly and surface display of the M-GP5 epitope.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Jingjing Wang, Mengsi Zhang, Xiaochun Cui, Xiang Gao, Weifeng Sun, Xinna Ge, Yongning Zhang, Xin Guo, Jun Han, Lei Zhou, Hanchun Yang
Summary: This study provides direct scientific evidence for the reversion to virulence of PRRS MLV and offers valuable clues for exploring its molecular mechanism.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2022)
Review
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Hang Zhang, Huiyang Sha, Limei Qin, Nina Wang, Weili Kong, Liangzong Huang, Mengmeng Zhao
Summary: Studying the interactions between PRRSV and host proteins is crucial for understanding host defense against viral infections and the pathogenesis of viral infectious diseases.
Article
Immunology
Loic Vivien Bocard, Andrew Robert Kick, Corinne Hug, Heidi Erika Lisa Lischer, Tobias Kaser, Artur Summerfield
Summary: This study aimed to understand the nature of innate and adaptive immune responses to PRRSV, revealing differences in regulation by PRRSV-2 strains and MLV. Different PRRSV strains induced varied immune responses, impacting platelet activation, dendritic cell activity, interferon type I, and plasma cell responses. Correlations of BTMs with T-cell responses showed both positive and negative associations post-infection, indicating complexities in immune regulation.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Veterinary Sciences
Dengshuai Zhao, Bo Yang, Xingguo Yuan, Chaochao Shen, Dajun Zhang, Xijuan Shi, Ting Zhang, Huimei Cui, Jinke Yang, Xuehui Chen, Yu Hao, Haixue Zheng, Keshan Zhang, Xiangtao Liu
Summary: PRRSV is a pathogen prevalent in swine-farming countries worldwide, causing a range of consequences such as persistent infection, secondary infection, and co-infection. The occurrence of coinfections with PRRSV and other pathogens in pigs has made it challenging to define and diagnose PRRSV-related diseases, highlighting the need for further research in this area.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Junxin Gao, Yu Pan, Yunfei Xu, Wenli Zhang, Lin Zhang, Xi Li, Zhijun Tian, Hongyan Chen, Yue Wang
Summary: This study identified a total of 350 annotated lncRNAs and 1792 novel lncRNAs in PAMs through RNA-seq analysis, with 86 differentially expressed lncRNAs and 406 DE protein-coding mRNAs identified upon PRRSV incubation. GO category and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses revealed that these DE lncRNAs and mRNAs were mainly involved in inflammation- and pathogen infection-induced pathways. The co-expression analysis demonstrated that several lncRNAs are positively correlated with their predicted target genes, suggesting that porcine lncRNAs play a role in regulating immune responses against PRRSV infection.
Article
Immunology
Tiphany Chrun, Emmanuel A. Maze, Kelly J. Roper, Eleni Vatzia, Basudev Paudyal, Adam McNee, Veronica Martini, Tanuja Manjegowda, Graham Freimanis, Adrian Silesian, Noemi Polo, Becky Clark, Emily Besell, Georges Booth, Brigid Veronica Carr, Matthew Edmans, Alejandro Nunez, Surapong Koonpaew, Nanchaya Wanasen, Simon P. P. Graham, Elma Tchilian
Summary: Porcine respiratory disease is commonly caused by co-infections of swine influenza A (swIAV) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRSV) viruses. However, the immune responses and pathogenesis of these co-infections have not been well studied. In this study, pigs were co-infected with swIAV H3N2 and PRRSV-2, and it was found that the clinical disease was not worsened and viral load was reduced in the co-infected animals. Additionally, the development of virus-specific adaptive immune responses was not impaired. These findings suggest that simultaneous swIAV H3N2/PRRSV-2 co-infection does not negatively affect host immune responses.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Virology
Zhenbang Zhu, Meng Zhang, Lili Yuan, Yuqian Xu, Han Zhou, Zhengmin Lian, Panrao Liu, Xiangdong Li
Summary: LGP2, a member of retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs), shows higher-affinity binding to RNA and work synergism with RIG-I or MDA5. However, LGP2 has divergent responses to different viruses, which remains controversial in antiviral immune responses. Here, we present the detailed process of LGP2 in positively regulating the anti-PRRSV response. Upon PRRSV infection, LGP2 was prone to bind to MDA5 and enhanced MDA5 signaling, manifesting the enrichment of viral RNA on MDA5 and the activation of downstream IRF3 and NF-kappa B, which results in increased proinflammatory cytokines and type I interferon expression, ultimately inhibiting PRRSV at the early stage of infection. Moreover, PRRSV Nsp1 and Nsp2 interacted with LGP2 via ubiquitin-proteasome pathways, thus blocking LGP2-mediated immune response. This research helps us understand the host recognition and innate antiviral response to PRRSV infection by neglected pattern recognition receptors, which sheds light on the detailed mechanism of virus-host interaction.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Wanglong Zheng, Anjing Liu, Nengwen Xia, Nanhua Chen, Francois Meurens, Jianzhong Zhu
Summary: The cGAS-STING signaling axis is activated by cytosolic DNA, both non-self and self DNA. This pathway is used by the innate immune system to monitor invading pathogens and/or damage. It not only facilitates inflammatory responses and IFN production, but also activates other cellular processes like apoptosis.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Qi Shao, Shuangjie Li, Qi Cao, Haotian Gu, Jiajia Zhang, Youwen Zhang, Kaili Zhang, Wanglong Zheng, Nanhua Chen, Shaobin Shang, Jianzhong Zhu
Summary: Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against porcine RLR proteins were developed, targeting different regions for RIG-I, MDA5, and LGP2. It was found that the RIG-I and MDA5 mAbs were specific to pigs, while the LGP2 mAbs showed reactivity with both pigs and humans. This study not only provides useful tools for porcine RLR antiviral signaling research, but also reveals insights into porcine innate immunity and immune biology by highlighting the porcine species specificity.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Shuai Li, Jiaqi Li, Yunfei Tian, Jiawei Liu, Jianzhong Zhu, Nanhua Chen, Shaobin Shang
Summary: In this study, it was found that an attenuated Chinese HP-PRRSV vaccine (TJM-F92) confers partial protection against heterologous NADC30-like PRRSV strains, which may be mediated by CD8 T cells. The TJM-F92 vaccine induced expansion of CD8 T cells and elicited a memory response upon heterologous challenge, while no obvious humoral immune response was observed.
JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Chen Li, Ming Qiu, Shubin Li, Zhe Sun, Zitao Huang, Wenhao Qi, Yuejia Qiu, Jixiang Li, Binghui Feng, Dashi Zhao, Hong Lin, Wanglong Zheng, Xiuling Yu, Kegong Tian, Kewei Fan, Jianzhong Zhu, Nanhua Chen
Summary: Since 2011, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus 1 (PRRSV1) infection has been detected in more than 20 provinces in China. In 2022, a novel PRRSV1 strain (SD1291) was isolated from an adult slaughter pig in Shandong Province. The SD1291 isolate shows high replication efficacy and genetic variation, and it is pathogenic in pigs, indicating the potential escape of new PRRSV1 variants from current vaccination systems in adult swine herds.
TRANSBOUNDARY AND EMERGING DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Virology
Zhenbang Zhu, Yuqian Xu, Lulu Chen, Meng Zhang, Xiangdong Li
Summary: Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) causes economic losses in the swine industry. Current vaccines are not effective against PRRSV and specific treatments for infected herds are not available. In this study, bergamottin was found to inhibit PRRSV replication by activating IRF3 and NF-κB signaling, which increased the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and interferon to inhibit viral replication. Bergamottin also reduced the expression of non-structural proteins, interrupting replication and transcription complex formation and viral dsRNA synthesis, ultimately restraining PRRSV replication. This study identified bergamottin as a potential antiviral agent against PRRSV in vitro.
Review
Virology
Liangzheng Yu, Zhenbang Zhu, Junhua Deng, Kegong Tian, Xiangdong Li
Summary: African swine fever (ASF) is a severe disease that affects the swine industry worldwide. ASF virus (ASFV) mainly infects myeloid cells in swine, manipulating and blocking their antiviral activities. Vaccines are considered the most promising measure to control ASF outbreaks, but the development is limited by knowledge gaps in viral immune evasion. This review focuses on the antagonisms of ASFV-encoded proteins towards host defense mechanisms and discusses potential challenges in ASF vaccine development.
Article
Virology
Wenwen Hou, Maodi Fan, Zhenbang Zhu, Xiangdong Li
Summary: A triplex real-time RT-PCR assay based on TaqMan probes was developed for differential detection of PEDV, PoRV, and PDCoV. The assay showed satisfactory specificity, sensitivity, repeatability, and reproducibility. In the clinical samples, the co-infections of PEDV and PoRV were frequent, while the prevalence of PDCoV was relatively low.
Article
Virology
Jingbo Hu, Chenxi Li, Yanyang Zhou, Jingjing Ding, Xiangdong Li, Yanhua Li
Summary: Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a highly significant pathogen in the swine industry with no approved antiviral drug for its control. This study demonstrates that allicin, a compound found in garlic, exhibits antiviral activity against PRRSV by inhibiting viral entry, replication, and assembly. Allicin also alleviates the inflammatory response induced by PRRSV infection, making it a promising candidate for anti-PRRSV therapy.
Article
Virology
Shaohua Sun, Yulin Xu, Ming Qiu, Sen Jiang, Qi Cao, Jia Luo, Tangjie Zhang, Nanhua Chen, Wanglong Zheng, Francois Meurens, Zongping Liu, Jianzhong Zhu
Summary: This study demonstrates that Mn2+ has antiviral effects against various animal and human viruses, including RNA and DNA viruses. The antiviral function of Mn2+ is independent of the cGAS-STING pathway. This finding provides a new target for Mn2+ antiviral therapeutics.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Binghui Feng, Chen Li, Yuejia Qiu, Wenhao Qi, Ming Qiu, Jixiang Li, Hong Lin, Wanglong Zheng, Jianzhong Zhu, Nanhua Chen
Summary: Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is prevalent not only in diseased piglets but also in healthy adult pigs. This study investigates the prevalence and evolution of PEDV by analyzing intestinal samples from China between 2019 and 2022. The findings reveal the presence of PEDV variants in adult pigs, indicating their role as a host for viral reservoirs and contributing to rapid PEDV evolution. This study provides up-to-date information on the prevalence and evolution of PEDV in both diseased piglets and healthy adult pigs in China.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Wangli Zheng, Nanhua Chen, Francois Meurens, Wanglong Zheng, Jianzhong Zhu
Summary: This study summarizes the mechanisms by which cGAS avoids sensing self-DNA under normal physiological conditions.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Lili Yuan, Zhenbang Zhu, Juan Fan, Qun Li, Panrao Liu, Xiangdong Li
Summary: NADC34-like porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) has become endemic and caused economic losses in China. Vaccinated pigs showed limited protection against JS2021NADC34 PRRSV, presenting low viremia but pathological lesions in lungs and lymphoid tissues. The commercial PRRSV vaccine did not provide complete protection against NADC34-like PRRSV infection.
TRANSBOUNDARY AND EMERGING DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Yu Zang, Binghui Feng, Zitao Huang, Dashi Zhao, Wenhao Qi, Yuejia Qiu, Ming Qiu, Chen Li, Hong Lin, Wanglong Zheng, Jianzhong Zhu, Nanhua Chen
Summary: This study provides new insights into the prevalence and evolution of PKV in both diarrheic and healthy pigs in China. The results suggest that PKV infection itself is unlikely to cause enteric diseases, and Chinese PKV strains can be divided into three groups.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Desheng Zhang, Sen Jiang, Nengwen Xia, Youwen Zhang, Jiajia Zhang, Anjing Liu, Chenyang Zhang, Nanhua Chen, Francois Meurens, Wanglong Zheng, Jianzhong Zhu
Summary: In this study, a simple, rapid, sensitive, and specific visual detection method for African swine fever virus (ASFV) was developed, demonstrating its potential for on-site detection of ASFV.
