Article
Microbiology
Jillian A. Bristol, Joshua Brand, Makoto Ohashi, Mark R. Eichelberg, Alejandro Casco, Scott E. Nelson, Mitchell Hayes, James C. Romero-Masters, Dana C. Baiu, Jenny E. Gumperz, Eric C. Johannsen, Huy Q. Dinh, Shannon C. Kenney
Summary: This study reveals the differences in gene expression and signaling pathway activation between T1 and T2 EBV strains in human B cells. T2 EBV-infected B cells have more lytic infection, increased B-cell receptor signaling and NFAT activation, and enhanced expression of epithelial-mesenchymal-transition-associated genes. Furthermore, decreased expression of IRF4 contributes to both the latent and lytic phenotypes in T2 EBV-infected B cells.
Article
Hematology
Yun Deng, Bithi Chatterjee, Kyra Zens, Hana Zdimerova, Anne Muller, Patrick Schuhmachers, Laure-Anne Ligeon, Antonino Bongiovanni, Riccarda Capaul, Andrea Zbinden, Angelika Holler, Hans Stauss, Wolfgang Hammerschmidt, Christian Muenz
Summary: Deficiencies in the costimulatory molecule CD27 and its ligand CD70 can lead to uncontrolled EBV infection, with CD27 blockade affecting only certain EBV-specific CD8(+) T-cell responses, indicating that CD27 is not required for all CD8(+) T-cell expansions and cytotoxicity.
Article
Microbiology
Katherine A. Willard, Ashley P. Barry, Cliff I. Oduor, John Michael Ong'echa, Jeffrey A. Bailey, Ann M. Moormann, Micah A. Luftig
Summary: In this study, we describe an unusual spontaneous lytic phenotype in EBV strains isolated from Kenyan endemic Burkitt lymphoma patients. These findings provide insight into viral and host factors involved in this process and the potential contribution of promiscuous lytic activity to the formation of EBV-associated diseases.
Article
Microbiology
Yiping Wang, Nathan Ungerleider, Brett A. Hoffman, Mehmet Kara, Paul J. Farrell, Erik K. Flemington, Nara Lee, Scott A. Tibbetts
Summary: Oncogenic gammaherpesviruses employ various strategies to colonize the host, including the expression of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs). The specific functions of EBV-encoded RNA 1 and 2 (EBER1 and EBER2) have remained largely unknown, despite extensive investigation. This study reveals that an EBV EBER2 variant highly associated with B cell lymphoma significantly promotes expansion of the infected B cell pool in vivo, coinciding with altered B cell differentiation.
Article
Virology
Jaeyeun Lee, Jennifer Stone, Prashant Desai, John G. Kosowicz, Jun O. Liu, Richard F. Ambinder
Summary: Research found that As2O3 can increase EBV Zta gene expression while blocking late lytic gene expression and virion production. Additionally, the effects of As2O3 on EBV gene expression may be mediated by pathways other than the ISR signaling pathway.
Article
Microbiology
Midori Nakamura-Hoshi, Takushi Nomura, Masako Nishizawa, Trang Thi Thu Hau, Hiroyuki Yamamoto, Midori Okazaki, Hiroshi Ishii, Kenzo Yonemitsu, Yuriko Suzaki, Yasushi Ami, Tetsuro Matano
Summary: Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) can proliferate from latently infected cells in the absence of CD8(+) cells, suggesting that CD8(+) cells are responsible for the control of HTLV-1 replication.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xubing Long, Jing Yang, Xiaolin Zhang, Ziwei Yang, Yang Li, Fan Wang, Xiaojuan Li, Ersheng Kuang
Summary: The study reveals that Epstein-Barr virus lytic replication inhibits inflammasome activation through the immediate-early protein BRLF1, leading to altered immune responses in T cells and NK cells.
Article
Virology
Devin N. Fachko, Yan Chen, Rebecca L. Skalsky
Summary: It has been found that EBV miR-BHRF1-3 can suppress lytic replication by directly inhibiting Zta expression. Moreover, nucleotide variants that impact the function of miR-BHRF1-3 have been identified, which may contribute to specific EBV pathologies.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2022)
Review
Virology
Chung-Pei Lee, Mei-Ru Chen
Summary: The nuclear envelope of eukaryotic cells plays a crucial role in maintaining the structural integrity of the nucleus and supporting various cellular processes. Viral proteins from Epstein-Barr virus, such as BGLF4 kinase and the nuclear egress complex BFRF1/BFRF2, have been found to regulate and modulate the nuclear envelope structure in different ways. This review highlights the impact of viral lytic gene expression on nuclear envelope structure and its related cellular processes.
Article
Microbiology
Sarah Preston-Alp, Lisa Beatrice Caruso, Chenhe Su, Kelsey Keith, Samantha S. Soldan, Davide Maestri, Jozef Madzo, Andrew Kossenkov, Giorgia Napoletani, Benjamin Gewurz, Paul M. Lieberman, Italo Tempera
Summary: This study demonstrated that Decitabine treatment can reduce the 5mC levels in the EBV genome and increase the amount of open chromatin in gastric cancer cell lines. It also revealed the presence of heterogeneous epigenetic states within the EBV genome, which are disrupted by Decitabine. These findings emphasize the importance of 5mC in maintaining EBV genomic chromatin structure and latency.
Article
Microbiology
Anna M. Burnet, Tonya Brunetti, Rosemary Rochford
Summary: Research has found that infection with the malaria parasite can lead to hemolysis and bystander eryptosis, resulting in the release of large amounts of free heme. The release of heme can reactivate latent EBV in B cells and release infectious virus. Treatment of B cells with heme enhances EBV gene transcription and promotes B cell differentiation into plasma cells, with the presence of viral production detected in the supernatant.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lee-Wen Chen, Shie-Shan Wang, Chien-Hui Hung, Ya-Hui Hung, Chun-Liang Lin, Pey-Jium Chang
Summary: The unfolded protein response (UPR) is crucial for alleviating endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and many viruses manipulate the UPR signaling network. In the lytic cycle of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), the expression of central UPR regulator GRP78 is up-regulated, and knockdown of GRP78 reduces virus particle production. BMLF1 is identified as a key regulator contributing to the activation of the grp78 gene promoter and can trigger the activation of the UPR senor ATF6.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Virology
A. Moyano, N. M. Ferressini Gerpe, E. De Matteo, M. Preciado, P. Chabay
Summary: In pediatric Epstein Barr virus (EBV) infection, macrophages primarily polarize towards M1 phenotype, even in the presence of immunomodulatory cytokines IL10 and TGF-β. This finding suggests a significant plasticity of macrophages in response to different extrinsic stimuli.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2022)
Review
Oncology
Mike Dorothea, Jia Xie, Stephanie Pei Tung Yiu, Alan Kwok Shing Chiang
Summary: This review summarizes the oncogenic roles of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) lytic proteins, which are expressed during the latent and lytic replication cycles of the virus, and categorizes them based on the cancer hallmarks displayed. The oncogenic properties of several EBV lytic proteins are postulated by comparing the evolutionary conserved oncogenic mechanisms in other herpesviruses and oncoviruses.
Article
Oncology
Yumi Tamura, Keita Yamane, Yohei Kawano, Lars Bullinger, Tristan Wirtz, Timm Weber, Sandrine Sander, Shun Ohki, Yasuo Kitajima, Satoshi Okada, Klaus Rajewsky, Tomoharu Yasuda
Summary: Both CD4(+) T cells and CD8(+) T cells show similar gene expression patterns and cytotoxicity towards Epstein-Barr virus-infected B cells. This suggests that different subsets of T cells can be involved in immune surveillance through cytotoxicity during viral infections.
