Article
Engineering, Civil
Shan Niu
Summary: In this study, a prediction model based on the finite element method was established for a typical metal tower-mast structure. By calculating and analyzing the deformation characteristics, an interesting ellipse phenomenon and an oval phenomenon closely related to the damage of the tower-mast structure were revealed and recorded. These results provide a theoretical basis and a novel perspective for effective and accurate early damage identification of tower-mast structures based on relatively small amount of monitoring data.
Review
Clinical Neurology
Gargi Banerjee, Kiran Samra, Matthew E. Adams, Zane Jaunmuktane, Adrian Robert Parry-Jones, Joan Grieve, Ahmed K. Toma, Simon F. Farmer, Richard Sylvester, Henry Houlden, Peter Rudge, Simon Mead, Sebastian Brandner, Jonathan M. Schott, John Collinge, David J. Werring
Summary: This review summarizes the clinical spectrum of iatrogenic CAA, provides a diagnostic framework, and discusses the clinical features and diagnostic methods.
JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Lotte Lindberg, Bent Kristensen, Ebbe Eldrup, Jane Frolund Thomsen, Lars Thorbjorn Jensen
Summary: The study evaluated the performance of a thermographic algorithm as a diagnostic replacement for the currently applied finger systolic pressure test in patients suspected of having Raynaud's phenomenon. The new algorithm showed noninferiority to the traditional test, with good sensitivity and specificity, proving to be a useful tool for diagnosing RP.
Article
Neurosciences
Ying Xia, Cao Chen, Jia Chen, Chao Hu, Wei Yang, Lin Wang, Lian Liu, Li-Ping Gao, Yue-Zhang Wu, Dong-Dong Chen, Qi Shi, Zhi-Bao Chen, Xiao-Ping Dong
Summary: This study found that the M-CSF/IL-34/CSF1R signaling pathway is activated in prion infection and plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of prions. Inhibiting M-CSF/CSF1R signaling may have therapeutic potential for prion diseases.
MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Telecommunications
Sudhakar Balraj, Kavisankar Leelasankar, Ayyasamy Ayyanar, Harold Robinson Yesudhas, Raghvendra Kumar, Hoang Viet Long, Le Hoang Son
Summary: Internet Protocol Spoofing is considered the main threat for masquerade of the packet identity due to lack of source verification. This paper proposed a scheme using a Combined IP Traceback procedure to minimize computational and storage overhead, which efficiently marks packets using the 16-bit ID field and logs packets using a hash table. The path reconstruction is done by tracing back to the original source border router through the mark value in the packet, which has been empirically validated.
WIRELESS PERSONAL COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hideyuki Hara, Suehiro Sakaguchi
Summary: The article discusses the mechanism of PrP(C) conversion into PrPSc in different types of prion diseases, involving sporadic, hereditary, and acquired disorders, as well as the pathogenic role of neurotropic influenza A virus (IAV) in sporadic prion diseases.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
L-L Yan, J-W Zhang, M-R Yun, J-C Li, G-Y Ding, J-F Wei, J-T Bu, B. Wang, L. Chen, S-L Su, F. Zhou, Y. Jia, E-J Liang, M. Feng
Summary: Dissipation is crucial in cyclic processes in realistic systems, and recent research on nonequilibrium processes in stochastic systems has revealed a dissipation-time uncertainty relation that restricts the evolution pace of physical processes. The researchers experimentally verified this relation and obtained the first experimental evidence confirming the thermodynamic restriction on quantum operations due to dissipation.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Applied
I. V. Minin, O. V. Minin, I. A. Glinskiy, R. A. Khabibullin, R. Malureanu, A. Lavrinenko, D. I. Yakubovsky, V. S. Volkov, D. S. Ponomarev
Summary: The research reports the experimental observation of the curved plasmonic beam, known as a plasmonic hook (PH), for surface plasmon-polariton (SPP) waves, achieved by fabricating a cuboid particle with broken shape symmetry. The SPP PH effect demonstrates the smallest curvature of the beam ever recorded for SPPs compared to that for the Airy-family plasmonic beams, potentially impacting various useful applications.
APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Yangkun Li, Weizhi Ma, Chong Chen, Min Zhang, Yiqun Liu, Shaoping Ma, Yuekui Yang
Summary: Overfitting is a common problem in machine learning where the model fits the training data too closely but performs poorly on the test data. Dropout is an effective method for addressing overfitting, achieved by randomly dropping neurons or neural structures. However, the effectiveness, application scenarios, and contributions of various dropout methods have not been comprehensively summarized and compared. In this paper, we provide a systematic review of previous dropout methods, classify them into three categories based on the dropout operation stage, and discuss their application scenarios, connections, and contributions. Extensive experiments are conducted to verify the effectiveness of distinct dropout methods, and open problems and potential research directions are proposed for further exploration.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON KNOWLEDGE AND DATA ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Wenbo Yang, Peng Liu, Yuling Zheng, Zhongtian Wang, Wenhua Huang, Hua Jiang, Qingyu Lv, Yuhao Ren, Yongqiang Jiang, Liping Sun
Summary: This study utilized public microarray datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database to identify differentially expressed genes between UTI and normal cell samples, uncovering potential biomarkers and signaling pathways associated with UTIs. The findings were validated through animal experiments, providing new targets for exploring treatments for UTIs.
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Maolin Liao, Marian Wiercigroch, Mukthar Sayah, James Ing
Summary: This paper focuses on experimentally verifying a dynamical model of percussive drilling, finding that the dynamic response of the indenter mainly exhibits period-one motions, which can develop into period-two or chaotic motions via period-doubling bifurcation scenarios. The impact number of the indenter directly affects its maximum impact acceleration, suggesting that repeated weak impacts should be avoided to obtain strong impacts, with high excitation frequency and amplitude recommended.
MECHANICAL SYSTEMS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING
(2021)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Young Chan Kim, Jong Wan Hu
Summary: This study proposes a rubber friction bearing (RFB) with improved structural performance to prevent deterioration and damage to structures and devices, and ensure seismic stability. The theoretical behavior mechanism and design details of the RFB were verified, and shear-characteristic and dynamic experiments were conducted. The results show that the RFB exhibits excellent structural seismic performance in terms of load resistance, damping force, restoring force, and energy dissipation capacity.
JOURNAL OF BUILDING ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Optics
Yi Zheng, Cheng-Jie Zhang, Zheng-Hao Liu, Jian-Wei Shao, Jin-Shi Xu, Chuan-Feng Li, Guang-Can Guo
Summary: This study proposes a coherence factorization law that describes the evolution of coherence passing through noisy channels characterized by genuinely incoherent operations. The law is experimentally verified using photons in qubits and qutrits. This work contributes to the understanding of coherence evolution in the presence of environmental interactions and promotes the study of more general laws of coherence.
PHOTONICS RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Optics
Kai Sun, Zi-Jian Zhang, Fei Meng, Bin Cheng, Zhu Cao, Jin-Shi Xu, Man-Hong Yung, Chuan-Feng Li, Guang-Can Guo
Summary: In this study, an efficient method for simplifying the verification of group non-membership is proposed and experimentally demonstrated, validating its effectiveness by observing a significant probability gap and providing a potential foundation for constructing more quantum protocols based on near-term quantum devices.
PHOTONICS RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
David Barker, Matteo Scandi, Sebastian Lehmann, Claes Thelander, Kimberly A. Dick, Marti Perarnau-Llobet, Ville F. Maisi
Summary: This study experimentally investigates work fluctuations in a Szilard engine that extracts work from information. The results show that as the average work extracted per bit of information increases, the work fluctuations decrease. Compared to a protocol without measurement and feedback, where no information is used, the work output and fluctuations vanish simultaneously, while in the information-to-energy conversion case, increasing amount of work is produced with decreasing fluctuations.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Virology
Asami Nishimori, Kiyohiko Andoh, Yuichi Matsuura, Asuka Kumagai, Shinichi Hatama
Summary: A simplified inverse PCR method was established to diagnose EBL, demonstrating high sensitivity and specificity in detecting clonal expansion of infected cells. This method has the potential to efficiently determine virus-dependent bovine leukemia and enhance EBL diagnosis following further clinical investigations.
ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Anna Henzi, Adriano Aguzzi
Summary: The study found that PrP is not essential for peripheral nerve repair processes, and Adgrg6 may sustain its function in peripheral nerve repair independently of its activation by PrP.
Article
Allergy
Carlo Cervia, Jakob Nilsson, Yves Zurbuchen, Alan Valaperti, Jens Schreiner, Aline Wolfensberger, Miro E. Raeber, Sarah Adamo, Sebastian Weigang, Marc Emmenegger, Sara Hasler, Philipp P. Bosshard, Elena De Cecco, Esther Baechli, Alain Rudiger, Melina Stuessi-Helbling, Lars C. Huber, Annelies S. Zinkernagel, Dominik J. Schaer, Adriano Aguzzi, Georg Kochs, Ulrike Held, Elsbeth Probst-Mueller, Silvana K. Rampini, Onur Boyman
Summary: The study found that severe COVID-19 patients experienced a significant increase in SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers after symptom onset, especially with high IgA titers, while mild cases may exhibit transient production of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies. Interestingly, some healthcare workers with negative serum antibody titers showed SARS-CoV-2-specific IgA in mucosal fluids with virus-neutralizing capacity in some cases.
JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Orsolya Toeroek, Bettina Schreiner, Johanna Schaffenrath, Hsing-Chuan Tsai, Upasana Maheshwari, Sebastian A. Stifter, Christina Welsh, Ana Amorim, Sucheta Sridhar, Sebastian G. Utz, Wiebke Mildenberger, Sina Nassiri, Mauro Delorenzi, Adriano Aguzzi, May H. Han, Melanie Greter, Burkhard Becher, Annika Keller
Summary: Pericytes regulate leukocyte infiltration in the adult central nervous system and play a role in neuroinflammation.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Review
Infectious Diseases
Daniele Focosi, Fabrizio Maggi, Massimo Franchini, Adriano Aguzzi, Maria Lanza, Alessandro Mazzoni, Francesco Menichetti
Summary: This study focuses on separating study design variables that could affect the clinical outcome of COVID-19 convalescent plasma therapy. Neglecting variables such as pretransfusion antibody testing in recipients, dose adjustments, and antibody affinity measurements has impacted the outcomes of the majority of clinical trials to date. Understanding and addressing these variables is crucial for the design of future CCP clinical trials to improve clinical outcomes and reduce risks of immune evasion.
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION
(2021)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Bei Li, Meiling Chen, Adriano Aguzzi, Caihong Zhu
Summary: The study found that while Msr1 expression is upregulated in prion-infected mouse brains, deficiency of Msr1 does not impact disease progression or lesion patterns. This suggests that Msr1 does not play a major role in prion pathogenesis.
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR MEDICINE-JMM
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Georg Meisl, Timothy Kurt, Itzel Condado-Morales, Cyrus Bett, Silvia Sorce, Mario Nuvolone, Thomas C. T. Michaels, Daniel Heinzer, Merve Avar, Samuel I. A. Cohen, Simone Hornemann, Adriano Aguzzi, Christopher M. Dobson, Christina J. Sigurdson, Tuomas P. J. Knowles
Summary: Prions, consisting of pathological aggregates of cellular prion protein, have the ability to replicate and cause neurodegenerative diseases. The formation of these aggregates and their rates have been challenging to elucidate in vivo. Using a mathematical framework and microfluidic measurements in mice, the overall aggregation reaction has been dissected into constituent processes and reaction rates quantified. Results show that prion multiplication in vivo is slower than in vitro, but efficient compared with other amyloid systems, displaying scaling behavior characteristic of aggregate fragmentation. This provides a framework for understanding disease-associated aggregation processes within living organisms.
NATURE STRUCTURAL & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Maximo Sanz-Hernandez, Joseph D. Barritt, Jens Sobek, Simone Hornemann, Adriano Aguzzi, Alfonso De Simone
Summary: The T183A variant of human PrP significantly enhances aggregation propensity, leading to amyloid formation under physiological conditions by the sole C-terminal domain of the protein. The study identified the structural characteristics of the misfolded intermediate promoting aggregation of T183A huPrP and the interactions preventing the population of this species in the wild-type protein, supporting the use of POM antibodies to suppress the aggregation of this amyloidogenic mutant.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Asvin K. K. Lakkaraju, Silvia Sorce, Assunta Senatore, Mario Nuvolone, Jingjing Guo, Petra Schwarz, Rita Moos, Pawel Pelczar, Adriano Aguzzi
Summary: Prion infections cause derangement in glial cells but not in neurons. Expressing PrP(C) selectively in neurons and astrocytes of mice, we found that prion accumulation and disease occurred in neuron-restricted expression, while astrocyte-restricted expression did not lead to clinical disease or inflammation. This suggests a nonautonomous mechanism in which prion-infected neurons instruct astrocytes and microglia to drive neural dysfunction.
Article
Immunology
Yuichi Matsuura, Kohtaro Miyazawa, Motohiro Horiuchi, Akio Suzuki, Mayumi Yokoyama, Morikazu Imamura, Keigo Ikeda, Yoshifumi Iwamaru
Summary: The present study demonstrated that a rapid post-mortem test kit used for bovine spongiform encephalopathy surveillance in Japan is also valid for detecting chronic wasting disease (CWD) prion.
MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Kiyohiko Andoh, Masataka Akagami, Asami Nishimori, Yuichi Matsuura, Asuka Kumagai, Shinichi Hatama
Summary: This study identified novel SNPs in the AS1 coding region and showed that individuals infected with BLV carrying minor SNPs exhibited low proviral load. Construction of infectious clones with these SNPs indicated changes in the expression profile of AS1 RNA, with an increase in the AS1-L isoform. Prediction analysis suggested that the introduced SNPs altered the secondary structure of AS1 RNA.
VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Marc Emmenegger, Sreedhar Saseendran F. Kumar, Vishalini J. Emmenegger, Tomas J. Malinauskas, Thomas Buettner, Laura Rose, Peter Schierack, Martin B. Sprinzl, Clemens Sommer, Karl B. Lackner, Adriano Aguzzi, Dirk B. Roggenbuck, Katrin B. M. Frauenknecht
Summary: SARS-CoV-2 infection can lead to diverse symptoms, with some patients developing hypercoagulation and autoantibody responses. Research has shown that infection with SARS-CoV-2 can result in the production of autoantibodies, particularly IgM antibodies targeting coagulation proteins. Further investigation is needed to explore the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infection, autoantibody production, and disease severity.
Article
Biology
Yingjun Liu, Assunta Senatore, Silvia Sorce, Mario Nuvolone, Jingjing Guo, Zeynep H. Gumus, Adriano Aguzzi
Summary: Cultured brain slices from mice upregulate senescence-associated genes and reproduce transcriptional characteristics of aged brains. Prions accelerate brain aging. This study establishes an innovative model system for studying brain aging.
COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
(2022)
Correction
Biology
Yingjun Liu, Assunta Senatore, Silvia Sorce, Mario Nuvolone, Jingjing Guo, Zeynep H. Gumus, Adriano Aguzzi
COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Regina R. Reimann, Martina Puzio, Antonella Rosati, Marc Emmenegger, Bernard L. Schneider, Pamela Valdes, Danzhi Huang, Amedeo Caflisch, Adriano Aguzzi
Summary: The cellular prion protein PrPC mediates neurotoxicity of prions and protein aggregates, but the mechanisms are not well understood. Antibody-derived ligands against PrPC induce neurotoxicity through hydrogen bonding and suppressing this bond prolongs the lives of prion-infected mice, suggesting convergent pathways. A study found that the toxic effects of these ligands require a specific amino acid residue within PrPC, which could be a potential target for preventing prion-related neurodegeneration.
