Article
Virology
Anh Thi Viet Nguyen, Vui Thi Hoang, Haan Woo Sung, Seon-Ju Yeo, Hyun Park
Summary: The outbreaks of H5N2 avian influenza viruses in South Korea have shown reassortment events among different subtypes, potentially posing a threat to mammals and humans. Surveillance and prevention efforts are crucial to mitigate risks associated with these viruses.
Article
Virology
Eun-Jee Na, Young-Sik Kim, Yoon-Ji Kim, Jun-Soo Park, Jae-Ku Oem
Summary: The study identified two low pathogenic H7 avian influenza viruses isolated from wild birds in South Korea in 2021. These two Korean viruses belong to the LPAIVs and exhibit no amino acid substitutions at the receptor-binding site of the HA gene compared to the H7N9 virus, which has a preference for human receptors.
Article
Virology
Wanhong Xu, Roberto Navarro-Lopez, Mario Solis-Hernandez, Francisco Liljehult-Fuentes, Miguel Molina-Montiel, Maria Lagunas-Ayala, Marisol Rocha-Martinez, Eduardo Ferrara-Tijera, Juan Perez de la Rosa, Yohannes Berhane
Summary: This study presents a comprehensive evolutionary analysis of the Mexican lineage H5N2 avian influenza virus, revealing its origin from the North American wild bird gene pool and current circulation in poultry populations of Mexico, the Dominican Republic, and Taiwan. The highly pathogenic H5N2 virus was eradicated from Mexican poultry in 1995, but the low pathogenic H5N2 virus continued to circulate and evolve into five distinct clades. The study highlights the importance of vaccine updates and continued molecular monitoring of the HA protein for antigenic changes.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Zhichuang Ge, Lijun Xu, Xiaomiao Hu, Shanshan Zhu, Ying Zhao, Yang Li, Kaituo Liu, Ruyi Gao, Xiaoquan Wang, Jiao Hu, Xiaowen Liu, Shunlin Hu, Daxin Peng, Min Gu, Xiufan Liu
Summary: The co-circulation of H5 HPAI and H9N2 LPAI viruses has led to the emergence of novel reassortant H5NX viruses. Two novel H5N2 HPAI isolates were identified with HA genes from clade 2.3.2.1e of H5N1 viruses and other gene segments from endemic H9N2 viruses. The isolates showed differences in amino acid substitutions in polymerase genes and exhibited distinct effects on chickens and mice.
INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Mingxian Cui, Yanming Huang, Xingbo Wang, Xiyi Bian, Liuyang Du, Yan Yan, Jinyan Gu, Weiren Dong, Jiyong Zhou, Min Liao
Summary: In 2021, a new H6N6-subtype avian influenza virus (AIV) strain was isolated in Zhejiang Province, China. It belongs to the G12 group, mainly consisting of H5N6-subtype AIVs, and has the potential ability for cross-species transmission.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Virology
Yu-Na Lee, Dong-Hun Lee, Jung-Hoon Kwon, Jae-In Shin, Seo Yun Hong, Ra Mi Cha, Yoon-Gi Baek, Eun-Kyoung Lee, Mingeun Sagong, Gyeong-Beum Heo, Kwang-Nyeong Lee, Youn-Jeong Lee
Summary: During the winter of 2020-2021, five novel H7 low pathogenic AIVs containing different neuraminidase (NA) subtypes were detected in wild bird feces in South Korea. These H7Nx AIVs were reassortants with gene segments related to zoonotic H7 viruses and gene segments from LPAIVs in migratory birds in Eurasia, indicating the need for intensive surveillance in wild birds and poultry.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Erica Espano, Sang-Mu Shim, Eun-Jung Song, Jeong-Hyun Nam, Seo-Hee Jeong, Bill Thaddeus Padasas, Sang-Hyun Kim, Jeong-Ki Kim
Summary: Surveillance of influenza A viruses (IAVs) in migratory waterfowl is important for understanding their ecology and pathogenicity. In South Korea, fecal samples were collected from migratory bird stopover sites between November 2014 and January 2018. Out of 6758 samples, 75 were positive for IAV (1.11% positivity). The most prevalent subtypes were H1, H6, and H5 for HA, and N1, N3, and N2 for NA. Phylogenetic analysis showed clustering with isolates from other locations along the flyway. Majority of the IAVs were of low pathogenicity.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jeong-Hyun Nam, Erica Espano, Eun-Jung Song, Sang-Mu Shim, Woonsung Na, Seo-Hee Jeong, Jiyeon Kim, Jaebong Jang, Daesub Song, Jeong-Ki Kim
Summary: Surveillance of circulating avian influenza viruses in South Korea from 2009 to 2013 revealed predominantly low pathogenic strains among wild migratory birds, with no matches found for high pathogenicity strains. Regular surveillance studies are crucial to identify potential sources of influenza viruses that may threaten animal and human health.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Virology
Yuancheng Zhang, Jianzhong Shi, Pengfei Cui, Yaping Zhang, Yuan Chen, Yujie Hou, Liling Liu, Yongping Jiang, Yuntao Guan, Hualan Chen, Huihui Kong, Guohua Deng
Summary: The H10 subtypes of avian influenza viruses, represented by H10N8 and H10N3 human cases, continue to pose a threat to the poultry industry and human health. In this study, 20 H10N3 viruses isolated from live poultry markets in China were characterized. The recent reassortant H10N3 viruses acquired their HA and NA genes from duck and H7N3 viruses, respectively, while the internal genes were derived from chicken H9N2 viruses. Receptor-binding analysis revealed a potential risk of avian-to-human transmission. Animal studies showed pathogenicity in mice and limited transmission in guinea pigs for viruses belonging to the recent reassortant genotype. These findings highlight the importance of enhanced surveillance of H10N3 viruses.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Sasan Fereidouni, Elke Starick, Kobey Karamendin, Cecilia Di Genova, Simon D. Scott, Yelizaveta Khan, Timm Harder, Aidyn Kydyrmanov
Summary: A new candidate HA subtype, H19, with a large genetic distance to previously described AIV subtypes, was discovered in a Common Pochard sample in Kazakhstan in 2008. Monitoring avian influenza in wild birds, especially in central Asia, is important for understanding the circulation of known and novel influenza viruses.
EMERGING MICROBES & INFECTIONS
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Wenchao Sun, Wei Wang, Liang Cao, Min Zheng, Xingyu Zhuang, He Zhang, Ning Yu, Minyao Tian, Huijun Lu, Ningyi Jin
Summary: A new virus, the PCL virus, was detected in pigs and may be transmitted to non-porcine hosts through cross-species transmission routes, showing close relationship with the Bo-Circo-like virus. Further research is needed to investigate the pathogenesis and epidemiologic impact of the PCL virus, which may play a role in cross-species transmission.
TRANSBOUNDARY AND EMERGING DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Bingbing Zhao, Wenqing Wang, Yating Song, Xiangyang Wen, Siyu Feng, Weiqiang Li, Yangbao Ding, Zuxian Chen, Zhuoliang He, Shao Wang, Peirong Jiao
Summary: Since 2017, the new highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) H7N9 have caused significant infection and death in chickens in China. A study analyzed the genetic characteristics of H7N9 avian influenza viruses isolated in Guangdong, China in 2017, and found highly pathogenic strains belonging to two different genotypes. The study also demonstrated that these viruses can replicate, transmit effectively, and induce strong immune responses in chickens.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Young-Jae Si, Yu-Ri Park, Yoon-Gi Baek, Min-Ji Park, Eun-Kyoung Lee, Kwang-Nyeong Lee, Hye-Ryung Kim, Youn-Jeong Lee, Yu-Na Lee
Summary: Human infection with avian-origin subtype H10 influenza viruses has raised concerns about their pandemic potential. This study isolated 36 H10 low pathogenic avian influenza viruses from wild bird habitats, demonstrating high levels of genetic diversity. Experiment results showed pathogenicity and transmission capability of some representative H10 avian influenza virus strains in chickens and mice.
TRANSBOUNDARY AND EMERGING DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Hemat S. Elsayed, Amany Adel, Dalal S. Alshaya, Fatmah A. Safhi, Areej S. Jalal, Dalia M. A. Elmasry, Karim Selim, Ahmed A. Erfan, Samah Eid, Samy Selim, Mohamed T. El-Saadony, Momtaz Shahein
Summary: In late 2016, different genotypes of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus were reported among domestic and wild bird species. The virus became endemic in poultry, causing significant economic losses. This study found the presence of the virus in ostriches and identified its genetic characteristics.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Sungsu Youk, Christina M. Leyson, Darren J. Parris, Henry M. Kariithi, David L. Suarez, Mary J. Pantin-Jackwood
Summary: Mexican lineage H5N2 avian influenza viruses have evolved from low pathogenicity to highly pathogenicity and spread to multiple countries. Genetic reassortment and mechanical transmission are important factors in the virus's spread and evolution. There are differences in infectivity and transmission between chicken and mallard, and genetic changes may affect vaccine efficacy.
TRANSBOUNDARY AND EMERGING DISEASES
(2022)