Article
Virology
Qi Qian, Ruyi Xu, Yaping Wang, Lixin Ma
Summary: The NS4A protein of classical swine fever virus (CSFV) exhibits VSR activity by binding to RNA, antagonizing RNA interference. The replication of VSR-deficient CSFV is attenuated but can be restored by the deficiency of RNA interference in mammalian cells.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Jie Wang, Kun-Te Shang, Qiong-Hong Ma, Zhao-Ying Dong, Yi-Hong Chen, Yu-Feng Yao
Summary: This study aimed to determine whether HSV-1 can be transmitted through TNTs and to investigate the effect of inhibiting the Arp2/3 complex on the intercellular transmission of HSV-1. The results showed that HSV-1 can be transmitted through TNTs and that inhibiting the Arp2/3 complex reduces the number of TNTs and the spread of HSV-1. This finding provides new insights into the transmission mode of HSV-1 and suggests a potential new antiviral target.
Article
Immunology
Mette Ratzer Freytag, Sofie Eg Jorgensen, Michelle Molgaard Thomsen, Ali Al-Mousawi, Alon Schneider Hait, David Olagnier, Jakob T. Bay, Marie Helleberg, Trine H. Mogensen
Summary: This study describes a 19-year-old woman with systemic HSV-1 infection and HLH, as well as a fatal course of neonatal herpesvirus infection postpartum. Investigation showed impaired antiviral responses in the mother's cells, potentially caused by variants in CASP8 or other noncoding regions of the genome.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Ye Liu, Qiao You, Fang Zhang, Deyan Chen, Zhenping Huang, Zhiwei Wu
Summary: Harringtonine (HT) significantly inhibited HSV-1 infection and two ACV-resistant strains by mainly targeting HVEM and reducing the early stage of HSV-1 infection. The study demonstrated that HT could be a promising therapeutic candidate for mitigating HSV-1-induced pathogenesis.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Pu Huang, Xu Wang, Mengyue Lei, Ying Ma, Hongli Chen, Jing Sun, Yunzhang Hu, Jiandong Shi
Summary: This study investigates the metabolic interaction between host cells and HSV-1. By analyzing the metabolic profiles in HSV-1-infected lung fibroblasts, the researchers found that HSV-1 induces metabolic reprogramming in host cells to promote or resist viral replication. They confirmed that the addition of the tryptophan metabolite kynurenine promotes viral replication, while the addition of 25-Hydroxycholesterol inhibits replication. Additionally, HSV-1 replication was enhanced in choline metabolic rate-limiting enzyme-deficient mouse macrophages.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Elizabeth B. Draganova, Ekaterina E. Heldwein
Summary: Herpesviruses infect a majority of the human population, establishing lifelong latent infections with no cure, and periodic viral reactivation spreads infection while causing disease states that are particularly harmful in the immunocompromised. The viral replication and spread of infection rely on the nuclear egress complex (NEC), which helps translocate viral capsids and mature them into infectious virions. Peptides derived from the UL25 capsid protein have been shown to inhibit the membrane-budding activity of the NEC, providing a potential new avenue for developing inhibitors against herpesvirus replication.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Virology
Claire H. Birkenheuer, Laura Dunn, Rachel Dufour, Joel D. Baines
Summary: The protein ICP22 has been observed to reduce RNA polymerase II (Pol II) serine 2 phosphorylation, which is necessary for transcriptional elongation, yet this phosphorylation is also essential for viral replication. This study helps explain this paradox by demonstrating the advantages of negative regulation of transcriptional elongation, including the reduction of antisense and intergenic transcription.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Yao Liu, Li Chen, Wenjun Liu, Dan Li, Jiuseng Zeng, Qiong Tang, Yuexin Zhang, Fei Luan, Nan Zeng
Summary: CEP can significantly inhibit HSV-1 replication and viral protein expression by indirectly inhibiting the phosphorylation of targets in the PI3K/Akt and p38 MAPK signaling pathways. Additionally, CEP induces apoptosis in infected cells, arrests the cell cycle at the G(2)/M phase, and reduces HSV-1 infection and reproduction.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ines Ripa, Sabina Andreu, Jose Antonio Lopez-Guerrero, Raquel Bello-Morales
Summary: The article discusses the role of the HSV-1 viral protein ICP34.5 in controlling cellular antiviral responses and debates its controversial functions such as autophagy inhibition.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Domenica Donatella Li Puma, Maria Elena Marcocci, Giacomo Lazzarino, Giovanna De Chiara, Barbara Tavazzi, Anna Teresa Palamara, Roberto Piacentini, Claudio Grassi
Summary: Astrocytes release extracellular ATP upon HSV-1 infection, activating P2 receptors on neurons and astrocytes through a GSK-3-dependent pathway, facilitating viral entry and replication. Inhibition of astrocyte metabolism or blockade of P2 receptors or GSK-3 activation can reduce HSV-1 infection in both neurons and astrocytes, highlighting the critical role of astrocytes in regulating neuronal response to microbial stimuli.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Giorgia Napoletani, Virginia Protto, Maria Elena Marcocci, Lucia Nencioni, Anna Teresa Palamara, Giovanna De Chiara
Summary: This study investigated the impact of recurrent HSV-1 infection on neuronal aging, revealing a significant increase in H4K16ac, Sin3, and HDAC1 levels, which are related to aging markers. There was a significant decrease in H3K56ac specifically linked to viral reactivation, and a complex modulation of HIRA expression and localization in HSV-1 infected mouse brains, suggesting a specific role of this protein in viral latency and reactivation.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Kevin Danastas, Gerry Guo, Jessica Merjane, Nathan Hong, Ava Larsen, Monica Miranda-Saksena, Anthony L. Cunningham
Summary: This study explores the effects of interferons (IFNs) on herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) and reveals that IFNs have the potential to block virus release from nerve endings, thereby preventing transmission into the skin. The study also highlights the potential wider antiviral effects of IFN-γ in neurons, suggesting its role in HSV-1 reactivation. These findings identify new targets for the development of immunotherapies to impede HSV-1 spread from nerves to the skin.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Matylda Barbara Mielcarska, Katarzyna Skowronska, Zbigniew Wyzewski, Felix Ngosa Toka
Summary: Current data strongly indicate that herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection is a contributing factor to Alzheimer's disease (AD). HSV-1 infection causes damage to neurons and glial cells, as well as modifications in their environment, leading to impaired signal transmission and homeostatic and immune functions. This review discusses the pathological alterations in central nervous system (CNS) cells following HSV-1 infection, including inflammatory responses, oxidative damage, and cellular dysfunctions associated with AD development.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Xiyuan Yang, Ze Xiang, Zeyu Sun, Feiyang Ji, Keyi Ren, Dongli Pan
Summary: The study reveals that MOV10 is induced during HSV-1 infection to restrict viral replication by promoting type I interferon production through an IKK epsilon-mediated RNA sensing pathway. It is also discovered that the viral protein ICP27 can interact with MOV10 and antagonize its antiviral activity.
Article
Virology
Caroline C. Friedel, Adam W. Whisnant, Lara Djakovic, Andrzej J. Rutkowski, Marie-Sophie Friedl, Michael Kluge, James C. Williamson, Somesh Sai, Ramon Oliveira Vidal, Sascha Sauer, Thomas Hennig, Arnhild Grothey, Andrea Milic, Bhupesh K. Prusty, Paul J. Lehner, Nicholas J. Matheson, Florian Erhard, Lars Doelken
Summary: During the early stages of HSV-1 infection, the vhs protein cleaves host and viral mRNAs and decreases host transcriptional activity, leading to changes in RNA metabolism. While alterations in total RNA levels were mainly influenced by these global effects, gene-specific transcriptional changes were observed in chromatin-associated RNA.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2021)