Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kamonpan Charoenkul, Chanakarn Nasamran, Taveesak Janetanakit, Supassama Chaiyawong, Napawan Bunpapong, Supanat Boonyapisitsopa, Ratanaporn Tangwangvivat, Alongkorn Amonsin
Summary: This study conducted a comprehensive investigation of CPIV-5 in dogs in Thailand, revealing a close relationship between the virus and CPIV-5 isolated from China and Korea. Further surveillance on a larger scale is recommended to determine the dynamics, distribution, and potential zoonotic transmission of CPIV-5.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Nicolas Romero, Alexander Tishchenko, Ruth Verhamme, Shelly M. M. Wuerzberger-Davis, Cliff Van Waesberghe, Hans J. J. Nauwynck, Shigeki Miyamoto, Herman W. W. Favoreel
Summary: This study reveals that infection of epithelial cells by different species of alphaherpesviruses results in the inactivation of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-?B) pathway, which weakens the host innate immune response. The mode of interaction with NF-?B-driven responses seems to be conserved in human, feline, and porcine alphaherpesviruses, but there are some differences in bovine alphaherpesvirus. Overall, the study suggests that multiple alphaherpesviruses use the strategy of inhibiting NF-?B transcription activity to prevent NF-?B-driven responses in infected epithelial cells.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Mallory I. Frederick, Tarana Siddika, Pengcheng Zhang, Nileeka Balasuriya, Matthew A. Turk, Patrick O'Donoghue, Ilka U. Heinemann
Summary: Research shows that in ovarian cancer cells, let-7 miRNAs can decrease the phosphorylation levels of AKT1, thereby inhibiting the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Additionally, the transition from adherent to spheroid growth is accompanied by a significant increase in let-7 miRNAs' levels.
Article
Virology
Nicolas Romero, Herman W. Favoreel
Summary: The NF-kappa B pathway plays a crucial role in coordinating innate immune responses during infections. PRV infection triggers NF-kappa B activation via an inside-out nucleus-to-cytoplasm signal initiated by the DNA damage response. The virus actively inhibits NF-kappa B-dependent gene expression, potentially to counteract antiviral consequences of the DDR-NF-kappa B signaling axis.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Alexander L. Greninger, Ksenia Rybkina, Michelle J. Lin, Jennifer Drew-Bear, Tara C. Marcink, Ryan C. Shean, Negar Makhsous, Michael Boeckh, Olivia Harder, Francesca Bovier, Shana R. Burstein, Stefan Niewiesk, Bert K. Rima, Matteo Porotto, Anne Moscona
Summary: Respiratory viruses have the ability to evolve within the respiratory tract under the selective pressure of the host environment or drug treatment. Long-term infections in immunocompromised hosts lead to viral evolution and development of infectious variants. In chronic human parainfluenza virus 3 (HPIV3) infection, mutations favoring viral entry and persistence were observed, suggesting potential evolution of viruses to alter their biophysical characteristics to persist in the face of host-directed therapeutics.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Mingfa Yang, Yunyun Ma, Qian Jiang, Mingxin Song, Hongtao Kang, Jiasen Liu, Liandong Qu
Summary: The number of PIV5 infection cases has been increasing worldwide, especially in China. Tick-derived PIV5 has been successfully isolated in Heilongjiang, China and is closely related to the dominant subtype prevalent in dogs, pigs, and wildlife in the country. Animal experiments showed that this virus can cause respiratory distress, pneumonia, and neurologic tissue damage. Further surveillance of PIV5 in transmission vectors is crucial for understanding its ecology and controlling the re-emergence of diseases.
TRANSBOUNDARY AND EMERGING DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Camilla Margaroli, Timothy Fram, Nirmal S. Sharma, Siddharth B. Patel, Jennifer Tipper, Sarah W. Robison, Derek W. Russell, Seth D. Fortmann, Mudassir M. Banday, Yixel Soto-Vazquez, Tarek Abdalla, Sawanan Saitornuang, Matthew C. Madison, Sixto M. Leal Jr, Kevin S. Harrod, Nathaniel B. Erdmann, Amit Gaggar
Summary: Neutrophilic inflammation is observed in respiratory viral infections, including COVID-19-related acute respiratory distress syndrome, but its role in disease pathogenesis is unclear. This study phenotyped immune cells in the blood and airway of 52 severe COVID-19 patients and identified two subpopulations of neutrophils. The loss of one neutrophil subset correlated with increased viral burden and decreased survival. Further experiments showed that this subset exhibited an antiviral response, which was dependent on type I interferon signaling. Understanding this neutrophil phenotype could lead to new therapeutic approaches for viral illnesses.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Yassein M. Ibrahim, Wenli Zhang, Gebremeskel Mamu Werid, He Zhang, Yu Pan, Lin Zhang, Yunfei Xu, Changwen Li, Hongyan Chen, Yue Wang
Summary: In this study, a strain of Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5) was successfully isolated from diarrheic piglets. The isolated PIV5 strain showed the ability to infect various host cell lines and haemagglutinate red blood cells from guinea pigs and chickens. An indirect ELISA method was developed to detect PIV5-specific antibodies, and the positive rate in porcine serum samples was found to be 75.7%. This is the first report characterizing a PIV5 strain isolated from a diarrheic piglet and providing insights into its zoonotic potential.
TRANSBOUNDARY AND EMERGING DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jung Min Ha, Seo Yeon Jin, Hye Sun Lee, Hye Jin Kum, Farzaneh Vafaeinik, Hong Koo Ha, Sang Heon Song, Chi Dae Kim, Sun Sik
Summary: The study reveals the crucial role of Akt1 in regulating endothelial function and blood vessel stability through the Notch3/YAP-Ang1/2 signaling pathway in vascular smooth muscle cells.
EXPERIMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Virology
Andrew J. McNamara, Austin D. Brooks, Pranav Danthi
Summary: This study reveals that mammalian reovirus can block the function of NF-κB, an important protein family for the host cell's response to viral infection, through the expression of a viral protein called sigma 3. The expression of sigma 3 diminishes the host's response to infection and promotes viral replication. The differences in NF-κB target gene expression following infection with different reovirus strains are controlled by polymorphisms in the amino acid sequence of sigma 3.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Peng Xiao, Krista Dienger-Stambaugh, Xuemin Chen, Huiling Wei, Shannon Phan, Ashley C. Beavis, Karnail Singh, Nihar R. Deb Adhikary, Pooja Tiwari, Francois Villinger, Biao He, Paul Spearman
Summary: The study demonstrates the potential of PIV5-based HIV vaccines, showing that intranasal administration and boosting with VLPs can induce robust immune responses including antibody and T cell responses. Moreover, it suggests that the issue of pre-existing PIV5 immunity can be partially overcome by VLP boosting.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Scott B. Biering, Sylvia A. Sarnik, Eleanor Wang, James R. Zengel, Sarah R. Leist, Alexandra Schafer, Varun Sathyan, Padraig Hawkins, Kenichi Okuda, Cyrus Tau, Aditya R. Jangid, Connor Duffy, Jin Wei, Rodney C. Gilmore, Mia Madel Alfajaro, Madison S. Strine, Xammy Nguyenla, Erik Van Dis, Carmelle Catamura, Livia H. Yamashiro, Julia A. Belk, Adam Begeman, Jessica C. Stark, D. Judy Shon, Douglas M. Fox, Shahrzad Ezzatpour, Emily Huang, Nico Olegario, Arjun Rustagi, Allison S. Volmer, Alessandra Livraghi-Butrico, Eddie Wehri, Richard R. Behringer, Dong-Joo Cheon, Julia Schaletzky, Hector C. Aguilar, Andreas S. Puschnik, Brian Button, Benjamin A. Pinsky, Catherine A. Blish, Ralph S. Baric, Wanda K. O'Neal, Carolyn R. Bertozzi, Craig B. Wilen, Richard C. Boucher, Jan E. Carette, Sarah A. Stanley, Eva Harris, Silvana Konermann, Patrick D. Hsu
Summary: This study identified mucins as key host factors restricting viral infection, through genome-wide CRISPR knockout and activation screens in human lung epithelial cells expressing the SARS-CoV-2 entry factors ACE2 and TMPRSS2. These mucins serve as a significant viral restriction network inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 infection and other respiratory viruses. The findings provide a starting point for new host-directed therapeutics and highlight airway mucins as an important host defense mechanism.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Haokun Liu, Ying Zhao, Yanfang Wu, Yutong Yan, Xiaoe Zhao, Qiang Wei, Baohua Ma
Summary: Mastitis is a common and important clinical disease in ruminants, which may lead to inflammatory fibrosis if not promptly treated. This study found that Snail plays a critical role in LPS-induced EMT in GMECs, and the mechanism is dependent on the activation of the TLR4/NF-kappa B signaling pathway.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Victor K. Outlaw, Ross W. Cheloha, Eric M. Jurgens, Francesca T. Bovier, Yun Zhu, Dale F. Kreitler, Olivia Harder, Stefan Niewiesk, Matteo Porotto, Samuel H. Gellman, Anne Moscona
Summary: Lower respiratory tract infections in children globally are largely caused by parainfluenza viruses (HPIVs), with no available vaccines or effective treatments against these pathogens. Research has shown that lipopeptides derived from HPIV3 F can inhibit infection, and the modification of the peptide backbone with beta-amino acid residues has resulted in improved antiviral activity and in vivo stability.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Zongyi Bo, Xiaojuan Li, Shixu Wang, Chengcheng Zhang, Mengjiao Guo, Yongzhong Cao, Xiaorong Zhang, Yantao Wu
Summary: This study uncovered a novel mechanism in which PRV-UL42 upregulates SOCS1 to promote the ubiquitination degradation of p65, preventing excessive inflammatory response during PRV infection.
VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)