Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
I. Tiliouine, G. Granger, C. E. Jimenez-Durango, Y. Leventoux, B. Wetzel, V. Couderc, S. Fevrier
Summary: We demonstrate the generation of a two-octave mid-infrared supercontinuum in unprocessed large core chalcogenide fiber, using a fiber-based laser that delivers 35 kW, 180 fs pulses at 4.53 μm.
RESULTS IN PHYSICS
(2023)
Editorial Material
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Nicholas Rivera
Summary: Shining a laser on an iron wire generates fast-moving electrons that amplify electromagnetic waves created by the light interacting with the wire. This method of generating laser-like light could be more effective than existing electron-based methods.
Article
Optics
Jintian Lin, Saeed Farajollahi, Zhiwei Fang, Ni Yao, Renhong Gao, Jianglin Guan, Li Deng, Tao Lu, Min Wang, Haisu Zhang, Wei Fang, Lingling Qiao, Ya Cheng
Summary: In this study, single-frequency ultranarrow linewidth lasers were achieved on erbium ion-doped lithium niobate microdisks through excitation of high-Q polygon modes, resulting in a significantly reduced linewidth. Moreover, real-time electro-optical tuning of the microlasers was demonstrated using the strong linear electro-optic effect of LN.
ADVANCED PHOTONICS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Alex Dikopoltsev, Yonatan Sharabi, Mark Lyubarov, Yaakov Lumer, Shai Tsesses, Eran Lustig, Ido Kaminer, Mordechai Segev
Summary: Photonic time-crystals are spatially homogeneous media that exhibit periodic variations in their electromagnetic susceptibility, leading to temporal reflections and refractions of propagating waves. Free electrons in these crystals spontaneously emit radiation, with a significantly amplified emission process when associated with momentum-gap modes. Quantum interference between spontaneous emission and electron emission into the band modes suppresses the interdependent emission. Therefore, the study of free-electron physics in photonic time-crystals offers a platform to explore various exciting phenomena.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Young In Jhon, Ju Han Lee
Summary: This review summarizes recent developments of saturable absorbers (SAs) based on 2D materials for nonlinear optical absorption and ultrafast pulsed laser generation. Various 2D materials are investigated for SA applications and their important potential as passive mode-lockers for femtosecond laser production are extensively investigated. Different approaches for fabricating SA modules of fiber laser photonics are explored, showing that layer-stacking does not deteriorate the SA performance of 2D materials in the evanescent regime.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
A. Bigongiari, L. Giorgi, G. De Angelis, A. Serrano Rodrigo, M. Chiesa, D. Rotta, S. Tirelli, L. Tallone, M. Romagnoli, F. Testa
Summary: Future generations of mobile communications promise unlimited access to information and data sharing, leading to new design challenges. Next generation Radio Access Network (RAN) will increase the radio bandwidth and utilize technologies like beamforming and spatial multiplexing. Optical technologies are a natural choice to support the traffic increase, but there is a mismatch in temperature requirements between lasers and advanced antenna systems (AAS).
JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Optics
Jiqiang Kang, Rui Zhu, Jianan Li, Haiping Liu, Xiuquan Ma, Ling Tao, Yunxu Sun
Summary: This study presents an optical coherence tomography (OCT)-monitored laser ablation system, utilizing a laser ablation subsystem, imaging subsystem, and all-fiber multifunctional integrated catheter. The system's performance was demonstrated by OCT surveillance of the laser ablation process using expanded polystyrene foam as the sample, showing effective potential for material laser ablation processes surveillance.
OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
News Item
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Katherine Bourzac
Summary: The upgraded laser in California can generate one million X-ray pulses per second, enabling the study of ultrafast processes at the atomic level.
Article
Optics
Jinhwa Gene, Dong-Il Yeom, Seung Kwan Kim, Sun Do Lim
Summary: The study introduces a high-energy, low-frequency 2-micron femtosecond fiber laser designed for laser surgery and vehicle laser detection and ranging applications. The laser, incorporating thulium-doped fiber gains and hybrid mode-locking techniques, achieved the highest pulse energy and lowest pulse rate reported to date, with pulse duration and output optical spectrum characteristics also evaluated for stability over extended periods.
OPTICS AND LASER TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Optics
C. Porter, S. Zeng, X. Zhao, L. Zhu
Summary: Photonic integrated circuits (PICs) enable the rapid development of optical devices on a compact platform, enhancing their usability and availability in the commercial market. PICs can be created using various materials and hybrid integration can combine multiple material platforms, creating multi-functional PICs with unique properties. This paper discusses the methodology and applications of hybrid integration for chip-scale laser systems, including narrow linewidth lasers, widely tunable external cavity lasers, laser beam combining, integrated frequency combs, and integrated Pockels lasers.
Review
Optics
Jiexi Zuo, Xuechun Lin
Summary: This review focuses on high-energy solid-state disk and slab systems and nonlinear-suppression strategies for high-power fiber systems. It covers the implementations and enabling technologies of solid-state lasers for increasing peak power, as well as the mechanisms and suppression strategies for deterioration effects in fiber amplifiers. Additionally, it introduces the mechanism and achievements of current functional fibers and summarizes the challenges and perspectives of high-power solid-state and fiber amplifiers.
LASER & PHOTONICS REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Natsuko Ishida, Yasutomo Ota, Wenbo Lin, Tim Byrnes, Yasuhiko Arakawa, Satoshi Iwamoto
Summary: In this paper, a theoretical analysis of a large-scale single-mode laser based on a topological edge state is presented. The results demonstrate that stronger couplings between the cavities and lower losses are advantageous for achieving stable operation of the device. The laser also shows robustness under non-ideal situations.
Article
Optics
Khadijeh Miarabbas Kiani, Henry C. Frankis, Cameron M. Naraine, Dawson B. Bonneville, Andrew P. Knights, Jonathan D. B. Bradley
Summary: This research presents a new method for achieving optical gain and lasing on a silicon photonics platform, which allows for low-cost, high-volume manufacturing and co-integration with silicon devices.
LASER & PHOTONICS REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Jia Xu Brian Sia, Xiang Li, Wanjun Wang, Zhongliang Qiao, X. Guo, Jiawei Wang, Callum G. Littlejohns, Chongyang Liu, Graham T. Reed, Kian Siong Ang, Hong Wang
Summary: The 2 mu m waveband shows potential for pervasive applications, but high water absorption poses a challenge that requires the development of novel laser sources. The research team successfully demonstrated a III-V/Si hybrid tunable laser for the first time, operating within the low water absorption window.
IEEE PHOTONICS JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Optics
Qiujun Ruan, Xiaosheng Xiao, Jinhai Zou, Hang Wang, Shuzheng Fan, Tianran Li, Jin Li, Zhipeng Dong, Zhiping Cai, Zhengqian Luo
Summary: This paper reports a fiber laser capable of spatiotemporal mode-locking (STML) at visible wavelengths, demonstrating its stability and narrow pulse duration through theoretical prediction and experimental realization. The locking of transverse and longitudinal modes is also illustrated, and the power is further boosted by establishing an ultrafast fiber amplifier.
LASER & PHOTONICS REVIEWS
(2022)
Review
Engineering, Aerospace
Kavindu Ranasinghe, Roberto Sabatini, Alessandro Gardi, Suraj Bijjahalli, Rohan Kapoor, Thomas Fahey, Kathiravan Thangavel
Summary: Integrated System Health Management (ISHM) utilizes sensor data and historical health information to make intelligent decisions regarding aerospace systems, focusing on health assessment, early failure detection, and maximizing diagnosis and prognosis reliability through AI techniques. ISHM enhances system performance, safety, and reliability, while also optimizing maintenance through predictive capabilities.
PROGRESS IN AEROSPACE SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Aerospace
Enrico Lagona, Samuel Hilton, Andoh Afful, Alessandro Gardi, Roberto Sabatini
Summary: Recent advances in AI, sensing, and computing technologies have led to the development of new concepts for the safe and efficient operation of Distributed Space Systems in near-Earth orbits. These technologies enable higher levels of autonomy in small satellite constellations, facilitating a more responsive and resilient approach to Space-Based Space Surveillance.
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Hai Pham, Khanh Nguyen, Tran Kim Tinh, W. Genthe, Petros Lappas, Alessandro Gardi
Summary: Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) can enhance the efficiency of crop health monitoring through autonomous capabilities. This article introduces a proposed method for early detection of crop diseases using a bistatic LIDAR system and UAS-based Electro-Optics/Infrared (EO/IR) system, measuring anomalies in CO2 concentration above the crop canopy.
JOURNAL OF PLANT DISEASES AND PROTECTION
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Nichakorn Pongsakornsathien, Alessandro Gardi, Yixiang Lim, Roberto Sabatini, Trevor Kistan
Summary: This study verifies the performance of a cardiorespiratory sensor for air traffic management and avionics applications and compares it with clinical-grade equipment. The study also considers the impact of cognitive workload on cardiorespiratory monitors and explores the uncertainty in cognitive state estimation.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Kathiravan Thangavel, Dario Spiller, Roberto Sabatini, Pier Marzocca, Marco Esposito
Summary: Climate action, specifically regarding wildfires, is important for sustainable development. The increasing frequency and size of forest fires in recent years pose threats to forests, urban areas, and human lives. Real-time/near real-time monitoring of these catastrophic events is necessary, and the Distributed Satellite System (DSS) can effectively fulfill this purpose. This research examines the feasibility of utilizing DSS for wildfire surveillance and proposes a model and scenario prototype for a satellite artificial intelligence (AI) system to provide prompt alerts and actions.
IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Kathiravan Thangavel, Dario Spiller, Roberto Sabatini, Stefania Amici, Sarathchandrakumar Thottuchirayil Sasidharan, Haytham Fayek, Pier Marzocca
Summary: This study focuses on the application of space-borne technology for accurate fire detection. By training convolutional neural networks, the feasibility of classifying wildfires in space missions is demonstrated. Onboard data processing proves to be beneficial for disaster management and climate change mitigation, enabling timely alerts and rapid responses.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Kathiravan Thangavel, Dario Spiller, Roberto Sabatini, Stefania Amici, Nicolas Longepe, Pablo Servidia, Pier Marzocca, Haytham Fayek, Luigi Ansalone
Summary: Recent developments in Distributed Satellite Systems (DSS) have increased mission value by enabling spacecraft cluster reconfiguration and incremental satellite additions or updates. Trusted Autonomous Satellite Operation (TASO) is made possible by the integrity features of Artificial Intelligence (AI), allowing for autonomous reconfiguration and communication between spacecraft through an Inter-Satellite Link (ISL). AI, sensing, and computing technologies also enable trusted autonomy in intelligent DSS (iDSS) operations, improving Space Mission Management (SMM) with state-of-the-art optical sensors.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Khaja Faisal Hussain, Kathiravan Thangavel, Alessandro Gardi, Roberto Sabatini
Summary: Autonomous navigation and manoeuvring are becoming increasingly important in distributed satellite systems to avoid potential collisions. This paper proposes a particle swarm optimization algorithm for autonomous navigation and manoeuvring, specifically addressing the tracking and collision avoidance of resident space objects (RSO). The results of simulation case studies demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed technique and its potential to supplement ground-based or space-based tracking methods.
Article
Engineering, Aerospace
Kathiravan Thangavel, Pablo Servidia, Roberto Sabatini, Pier Marzocca, Haytham Fayek, Santiago Husain Cerruti, Martin Espana, Dario Spiller
Summary: This research explores the potential applicability of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) and Distributed Satellite Systems (DSS) for Maritime Domain Awareness (MDA) operation. A robust AT-InSAR Formation Flying concept is proposed to combine several along-track baseline observations effectively for single-pass interferometry. Simulation results support the feasibility of implementing this acquisition mode with low-thrust actuation suitable for electric propulsion and autonomous orbit control. A constellation of this formation concept is also proposed to improve repeatability and the benefits of DSS.
Article
Engineering, Aerospace
A. Thoma, K. Thomessen, A. Gardi, A. Fisher, C. Braun
Summary: Even the shortest flight through unknown, cluttered environments requires reliable local path planning algorithms to avoid unforeseen obstacles. This study proposes weighted Chebyshev distances and factorial achievement scalarising functions as alternatives to weighted sums in the 3DVFH* local path planning algorithm, resulting in significantly reduced failure probabilities in simulated flights. The research shows potential for further improvements and broader applicability.
AERONAUTICAL JOURNAL
(2023)
Correction
Environmental Sciences
Khaja Faisal Hussain, Kathiravan Thangaval, Alessandro Gardi, Roberto Sabatini
Article
Environmental Sciences
Dario Spiller, Andrea Carbone, Stefania Amici, Kathiravan Thangavel, Roberto Sabatini, Giovanni Laneve
Summary: The exacerbation of wildfires due to climate change poses significant risks to ecosystems, infrastructure, and human well-being. The assessment and management of wildfires are crucial for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals, particularly those related to climate action. This study explores the use of satellite-derived data and neural network models, such as CNNs, for monitoring and managing wildfires. The results show that the fully connected model performs well in generalization, while the 3D CNN model offers more precise classifications. However, certain challenges, such as false fire detection and confusion between smoke and shadows, persist.
Article
Remote Sensing
Suraj Bijjahalli, Alessandro Gardi, Nichakorn Pongsakornsathien, Roberto Sabatini, Trevor Kistan
Summary: This article proposes a comprehensive risk management framework to address the existing gaps in airspace risk assessment models by simulating UAS collision risk in all classes of airspace. The effectiveness of the proposed framework is tested in two simulation case studies.