Inhibitory Effects of Pentosan Polysulfate Sodium on MAP-Kinase Pathway and NF-κB Nuclear Translocation in Canine Chondrocytes In Vitro

Pentosan polysulfate sodium (PPS) has a heparin-like structure and is purificated from the plant of European beech wood. PPS has been used for the treatment of interstitial cystitis for human patients. Recent years, it was newly recognised that PPS reduce pain and inflammation of OA. The molecular biological mechanism of PPS to express its clinical effects is not fully understood. The purpose of the present study is to investigate a mechanism of action of PPS on inflammatory reaction of chondrocytes in vitro. It was evaluated that effects of PPS on interleukin (IL)-1 beta-induced phosphorylation or mitogen-actiated protein kinases (MAPKs), such as p38, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B), and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3 production in cultured articular chondrocytes. As a result, in the presence of PPS existence, IL-1 beta-induced phosphorylation of p38 and ER K were certainly inhibited, while JNK phosphorylation was not affected. Nuclear translocation of NF-kappa B and MMP-3 production were suppressed by PPS pretreatment prior to IL-1 beta stimulation. In conclusion, it is strongly suggested that PPS treatment prevents inflammatory intracellular responses induced by IL-1 beta through inhibition of phosphorylation of certain MAPKs, p38 and ERK and then nuclear translocation of NF-kappa B in cultured chondrocytes. These PPS properties may contribute to suppressive consequence of catabolic MMP-3 synthesis. These data might translate the clinical efficacy as PPS treatment could inhibit the cartilage catabolism and related clinical symptoms of OA in dogs.