Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Yaoju Tan, Yunhong Tan, Junlian Li, Pengnan Hu, Ping Guan, Haobin Kuang, Qide Liang, Yanyan Yu, Zhongnan Chen, Quan Wang, Zhenping Yang, DiLiNaZi AiKeReMu, Yu Pang, Jianxiong Liu
Summary: The study developed a new immunological method using IFN-gamma and IL-2 combinations to differentiate active TB from other pulmonary diseases, showing potential for accurate diagnosis. The sensitivity of series combination test was higher, while the specificity of parallel combination of IFN-gamma /IL-2 was increased. The diagnostic accuracy of series combination correlated with disease severity.
JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Renee Barber, James Barber
Summary: The study found significant immunological changes in peripheral blood cells of dogs with meningoencephalomyelitis of unknown origin (MUO), indicating a potential role of T-helper type 17 (Th17) cells in the pathogenesis.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Zeljko Cvetic, Gordana Nedeljkovic, Mladen Jergovic, Kreso Bendelja, Hrvoje Mazija, Zeljko Gottstein
Summary: The NDV ZG1999HDS strain induces humoral and cell-mediated immunity in chickens without adverse effects, making it suitable for vaccine development. Nebulization vaccination can trigger cell-mediated immunity earlier. Further research on its tropism is necessary.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Martha Sedegah, Chad Porter, Emilie Goguet, Harini Ganeshan, Maria Belmonte, Jun Huang, Arnel Belmonte, Sandra Inoue, Neda Acheampong, Allison M. W. Malloy, Monique Hollis-Perry, Belinda Jackson-Thompson, Kathy F. Ramsey, Yolanda Alcorta, Santina E. Maiolatesi, Gregory Wang, Anatolio E. Reyes, Luca Illinik, Margaret Sanchez-Edwards, Timothy H. Burgess, Christopher C. Broder, Eric D. Laing, Simon D. Pollett, Eileen Villasante, Edward Mitre, Michael R. Hollingdale
Summary: Class I- and Class II-restricted epitopes have been identified across the SARS-CoV-2 structural proteome. Vaccine-induced and post-infection T-cell responses are associated with COVID-19 recovery and protection. Vaccination with BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 results in T cell-specific responses primarily against epitopes in the S2 subunit of the S glycoprotein. Individuals vaccinated after SARS-CoV-2 infection develop broader and greater T cell responses to S1 and S2 subunits as well as the N and M proteins.
Article
Cell Biology
Andra Banete, Katrina Gee, Sameh Basta
Summary: Macrophages exhibit various functional phenotypes based on different stimuli, with IL-4 potentially playing a role in both proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory processes. The novel vaccine adjuvant R848 triggers a strong Th1 response, but the presence of IL-4 may affect its immune response. IL-4-induced M phi polarization may have an impact on the outcome of R848 stimulation.
JOURNAL OF LEUKOCYTE BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Xiaolei Wang, Terrence Tsz-Tai Yuen, Ying Dou, Jingchu Hu, Renhao Li, Zheng Zeng, Xuansheng Lin, Huarui Gong, Celia Hoi-Ching Chan, Chaemin Yoon, Huiping Shuai, Deborah Tip-Yin Ho, Ivan Fan-Ngai Hung, Bao-Zhong Zhang, Hin Chu, Jian-Dong Huang
Summary: Researchers demonstrate the importance of cellular immunity in protecting against SARS-CoV-2 by showing that mice lacking B cells can still develop a robust immune response through vaccination or viral challenge. This study has important implications for understanding the impact of SARS-CoV-2 variants on the immune system.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Suwasin Udomkarnjananun, Sivaporn Gatechompol, Asada Leelahavanichkul, Stephen J. Kerr
Summary: This study analyzed 53 articles and found that the cellular immune response after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in kidney transplant recipients was lower compared to dialysis patients and the general population. The response rates, measured by IFN-gamma ELISPOT, IGRA, and flow cytometry, were consistently lower in kidney transplant recipients. Recipients who experienced seroconversion had a higher chance of having a cellular immune response. Age and immunosuppressants containing tacrolimus or corticosteroid were associated with inferior cellular immune response.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Reham Hammad, Asmaa A. Elmadbouly, Inass Hassan Hassan Ahmad, Shaymaa A. Mohammed, Nehal Farouk, Zahraa Futooh, Mohamed Omar Alfy, Sarah Abozaid, Eman F. Mohamed, Fatma M. Kotb, Alzahra Abdelbadea, Nora Seliem, Ahmed Elshafei, Alya Mashaal
Summary: The study shows a significant relationship between the decline in TNK frequency and the pathogenesis of T2DM and its foot complications. The decrease in TNK% and IFN-gamma levels have potential roles in predicting diabetic ulcer infections and are associated with disease duration.
DIABETES METABOLIC SYNDROME AND OBESITY-TARGETS AND THERAPY
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Zahra Aghelan, Saeed Karima, Seyed Hosein Abtahi, Habibolah Khazaie, Yahya Salimi, Reza Khodarahmi
Summary: A growing body of literature suggests that cytokines can play an important role in chronic insomnia disorder (CID). This study found that levels of proinflammatory mediators, including IL-12, IFN-gamma, and ICAM-1, were elevated in CID patients compared to healthy controls. The duration of REM sleep was also found to decrease with increased concentrations of IL-12 and IFN-gamma. Additionally, a lower serum concentration of IL-1ra was negatively correlated with the severity of insomnia in CID patients. These findings indicate that an imbalance of proinflammatory mediators and anti-inflammatory cytokines is important in the pathogenesis of CID.
Article
Immunology
Xiao-Jun Xu, Ze-Bin Luo, Hua Song, Wei-Qun Xu, Jan-Inge Henter, Ning Zhao, Meng-Hui Wu, Yong-Min Tang
Summary: This study aims to investigate the cytokine patterns of different subtypes of pediatric HLH and the role of cytokines in evaluating disease features. The results showed that there were differences in cytokine levels among different HLH subtypes, and IFN-gamma and IL-10/IFN-gamma ratio were useful tools for differentiating HLH subtypes. A four-quadrant model based on these parameters provided a simple evaluation of the HLH situation.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Carolyn A. Cohen, Athena P. Y. Li, Asmaa Hachim, David S. C. Hui, Mike Y. W. Kwan, Owen T. Y. Tsang, Susan S. Chiu, Wai Hung Chan, Yat Sun Yau, Niloufar Kavian, Fionn N. L. Ma, Eric H. Y. Lau, Samuel M. S. Cheng, Leo L. M. Poon, J. S. Malik Peiris, Sophie A. Valkenburg
Summary: This study shows that infected children have lower CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 proteins compared to infected adults. Children also have reduced CD4(+) T cell effector memory but comparable T cell polyfunctionality.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Dragica Gajic, Sanja Despotovic, Ivan Koprivica, Dorde Miljkovic, Tamara Saksida
Summary: Ethyl pyruvate (EP) has significant anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects, reducing immune cell infiltration and heart inflammation in experimental autoimmune myocarditis.
Article
Immunology
Astrid Fabri, Khalil Kandara, Remy Coudereau, Morgane Gossez, Paul Abraham, Celine Monard, Martin Cour, Thomas Rimmele, Laurent Argaud, Guillaume Monneret, Fabienne Venet
Summary: The study analyzed the impact of IL-10 production in septic patients' whole blood, revealing monocytes and CD4+ T cells as the main IL-10 producers associated with global immunosuppression in septic shock. Further research is needed to determine the pathophysiological mechanisms leading to increased IL-10 production in monocytes and CD4+ T cells.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Alexandra Correia, Pedro Alves, Ricardo Frois-Martins, Luzia Teixeira, Manuel Vilanova
Summary: Neospora caninum is a protozoan that causes abortion and still-births in cattle. In this study, we extended a mucosal vaccination approach using N. caninum membrane proteins and CpG adjuvant by incorporating the carbomer-based adjuvant Carbigen (TM). Immunized mice showed increased proportions and numbers of memory CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells. When infected with N. caninum, the immunized mice had lower parasite burdens and produced higher levels of IL-17A.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tomohiro Watanabe, Kosuke Minaga, Hajime Honjo, Masatoshi Kudo
Summary: The liver showed hypo-responsiveness to antigens and high doses of orally-administered ovalbumin (OVA) generated unique CD4+ T cells and tolerogenic dendritic cells that can suppress Th1 responses. OVA administration at high doses inhibited hepatitis development in mice with OVA-specific CD4+ T cells, and this was associated with downregulation of Th1 responses. The results suggest that high-dose oral antigen administration can suppress Th1-mediated hepatitis in an antigen-non-specific manner.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Todd M. Archer, Charlee Mulligan, Lakshmi Narayanan, Caitlin Riggs, Claire Fellman, John M. Thomason, Robert W. Wills, Dawn M. Boothe, Crisanta Cruz-Espindola, Roy Harmon, Andrew J. Mackin
JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2020)
Article
Microbiology
Navatha Alugubelly, John V. Stokes, Claire E. Cross, Anne-Marie L. Ross, Anna E. Crawford, Gabrielle F. Fiihr, Andrea S. Varela-Stokes
Summary: A new ELISA assay for serodiagnosis of Rickettsia parkeri infection in guinea pigs has been developed, showing greater sensitivity and resolution compared to IFA. The assay is objective, quantitative, and high-throughput, and can potentially be adapted to other hosts and SFGR species.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Harry Cridge, Nataly Mamaliger, Brittany Baughman, Andrew J. Mackin
Summary: This study aimed to describe clinical presentation, imaging findings, and outcome in 10 dogs diagnosed with Rhinosporidium seeberi infections. The research found that the disease is more common in young to middle-aged large-breed dogs with an approximately equal sex distribution. Surgical resection and dapsone treatment were effective in managing the condition.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ANIMAL HOSPITAL ASSOCIATION
(2021)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Harry Cridge, Henrique Lupiano, Julia D. Nipper, Andrew J. Mackin, Jorg M. Steiner
Summary: The study found that a low-dose praziquantel and fenbendazole protocol may be effective for treating some dogs with asymptomatic schistosomiasis, but monitoring is recommended to ensure treatment success. Fecal saline sedimentation and fecal PCR may show discrepant results, with fecal PCR being positive more frequently.
JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
John M. Thomason, Todd M. Archer, Robert W. Wills, Andrew J. Mackin
Summary: The study found that pentoxifylline does not inhibit canine platelet aggregation when collagen is used as the agonist. Additionally, the addition of a luciferin-luciferase reagent can artificially enhance canine platelet aggregation.
VETERINARY MEDICINE AND SCIENCE
(2021)
Correction
Entomology
J. K. Lee, G. M. Moraru, J. V. Stokes, R. W. Wills, E. Mitchell, E. Unz, B. Moore-Henderson, A. B. Harper, A. S. Varela-Stokes
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Ashley C. Coll, Matthew K. Ross, Matthew L. Williams, Robert W. Wills, Andrew J. Mackin, John M. Thomason
Summary: This study aimed to investigate whether manually washing stored blood units would reduce storage lesions without causing damage to erythrocytes. The results showed that a single wash significantly reduced most extracellular storage lesions, but additional washing may lead to hemolysis.
JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Julianna Frum, Katie Havill, Caroline Andrews, Cory Langston, Marjory B. Brooks, Todd Archer, Andrew Mackin, John Thomason
Summary: The study aimed to determine the optimal dosage of enoxaparin for dogs and establish measurement criteria for anticoagulant efficacy. By administering different dosages of enoxaparin to dogs and monitoring, it was determined that a dosage of 1.3 mg/kg subcutaneously every 8 hours could maintain anti-Xa activity within the desired range.
JOURNAL OF VETERINARY PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Claire E. Cross, John V. Stokes, Navatha Alugubelly, Anne-Marie L. Ross, Bridget V. Willeford, Jamie D. Walker, Andrea S. Varela-Stokes
Summary: This study presents a novel assay for assessing guinea pig leukocyte infiltration in the skin. By combining enzymatic and mechanical dissociation of skin tissue with fluorescent antibody staining, the immunophenotype of guinea pig leukocytes that have migrated into the skin can be analyzed. This assay can be used to study tick-borne and other pathogens that invade the skin, as well as other relevant diseases.
Article
Microbiology
Anne-Marie L. Ross, John Stokes, Claire E. Cross, Navatha Alugubelly, Andrea S. Varela-Stokes
Summary: Spotted Fever Rickettsiosis (SFR), caused by SFGR, is challenging to diagnose. Guinea pig serves as a valuable model for studying SFR due to its immune system similarity to humans. By optimizing the qPCR assays, SFGR can be accurately detected in in vivo studies.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Paige M. Hafner, Andrew J. Mackin, Robert W. Wills, Marjory B. Brooks, John M. Thomason
Summary: Glucocorticoid administration does not appear to affect the anticoagulant effects of rivaroxaban in healthy dogs. Clotting time correlates with rivaroxaban levels and may be useful for drug monitoring.
JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Kimberly R. Ford, Jamie G. Anderson, Barbara L. Stapleton, Brian G. Murphy, T. K. Santosh Kumar, Todd Archer, Andrew J. Mackin, Robert W. Wills
Summary: This study evaluated the effectiveness of a combination of cyclosporine and metronidazole in managing CCUS in 10 client-owned dogs. The results showed that this combination therapy effectively minimized the clinical signs of CCUS and reduced CUSDAI scores. However, blood drug levels and T-cell IL-2 expression did not predict improvement in clinical signs and CUSDAI scores.
JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DENTISTRY
(2023)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Jennifer Weng, Nyssa A. A. Levy, Haley Y. Y. Abbott, Jose A. A. Mix, Robert W. W. Wills, Andrew J. J. Mackin, John M. M. Thomason, Harry Cridge
Summary: This retrospective study investigated the efficacy of various drugs in treating nonassociative immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (na-IMHA) in 242 dogs. The results showed that corticosteroids did not significantly affect the time to packed cell volume (PCV) stabilization, duration of hospitalization, or case fatality rate. Dogs receiving corticosteroids had a higher relapse rate. Comparing different drug protocols, there was no significant difference in the outcome measures. The addition of a second immunosuppressive agent may reduce the relapse rate in na-IMHA.
JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Mariah J. Frank, Mohammad R. Khattab, Robert W. Wills, Todd M. Archer, Andrew J. Mackin, Jan S. Suchodolski, Jonathan A. Lidbury, Joerg M. Steiner, Alyssa M. Sullivant, John M. Thomason
Summary: Leukoreduction did not have a significant effect on NMH concentration in canine whole blood units during storage and incubation, indicating further research is needed to understand the role of histamine in blood transfusion reactions in dogs.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Parasitology
Natalie D. Parkins, John Stokes, Nancy A. Gavron, Alexandra N. Frankovich, Andrea S. Varela-Stokes
VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY- REGIONAL STUDIES AND REPORTS
(2020)