Article
Chemistry, Physical
Junwei Sha, Xiaoyu Chu, Tingting Xu, Yue Li, Yu Tang, Liying Ma, Chunsheng Shi, Enzuo Liu, Dongdong Zhao, Chunnian He, Naiqin Zhao
Summary: The study developed a three-dimensional bi-functional modular graphene network using metal powder assisted soluble salt templates method. It contains two modules with different functions, one providing high crystallization for stability and the other providing high capacity and rate properties. The synergistic effects of the two modules endow the 3D bmG excellent electrochemical performance, showing high energy density and outstanding cycling stability.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2021)
Article
Sport Sciences
Giorgio Varesco, Eric Luneau, Guillaume Y. Millet, Leonard Feasson, Thomas Lapole, Vianney Rozand
Summary: This study aimed to compare the performance and fatigability between young, old, and very old men during isometric, concentric, and cycling tasks. The results showed that the performance of old and very old men was lower than that of young men in all tasks, with the difference being most significant in the cycling task. Overall, old and very old men presented similar levels of force loss, alterations in voluntary activation, and twitch amplitude.
MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS & EXERCISE
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Patrick J. Ferrara, Elena M. Yee, Jonathan J. Petrocelli, Dennis K. Fix, Carson T. Hauser, Naomi M. M. P. de Hart, Ziad S. Mahmassani, Paul T. Reidy, Ryan M. O'Connell, Micah J. Drummond
Summary: This study demonstrated that using macrophage-promoting approaches or intramuscular injection of macrophage-colony stimulating factor in aged animals can effectively improve skeletal muscle recovery, especially following a period of disuse. Targeting macrophage function early during the regrowth phase may be a novel tool to bolster muscle recovery in aging.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Rikke S. Kamper, Julian Alcazar, Lars L. Andersen, Bryan Haddock, Niklas Rye Jorgensen, Peter Hovind, Charlotte Suetta
Summary: The study investigated the relationship between chronic low-grade inflammation and age-related muscle decline and physical performance. Results showed that with age, levels of certain inflammatory biomarkers in the blood increased significantly, correlating with decreased muscle strength and physical function.
JOURNAL OF CACHEXIA SARCOPENIA AND MUSCLE
(2021)
Review
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Melissa T. Hooijmans, Lara Schlaffke, Bart Bolsterlee, Sarah Schlaeger, Benjamin Marty, Valentina Mazzoli
Summary: Due to its sensitivity to soft tissues, MRI is widely used to assess muscle anatomical parameters. qMRI enhances the capabilities of MRI by providing information on muscle composition and function. This review aims to provide an updated overview of qMRI techniques for evaluating muscle structure and composition and their relation to muscle function.
JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Corey Linton, Hattie H. Wright, Daniel P. Wadsworth, Mia A. Schaumberg
Summary: The research reveals that low-grade systemic inflammation and diets with pro-inflammatory properties contribute to muscle degeneration in older adults, leading to loss of muscle mass, strength, and function.
Article
Sport Sciences
Nils Jongerius, Barney Wainwright, Jonathan Wheat, Athanassios Bissas
Summary: This study investigates the importance of muscle activation in cycling, finding that some cyclists utilize a combination of monomodal and bimodal strategies for improved mechanical effectiveness. Understanding the functional implications of activation strategies can assist researchers and practitioners in interpreting cycling biomechanics data more effectively. Further research is needed to explore the factors that mediate transitions between activation strategies within the combined groups.
JOURNAL OF SPORTS SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Rob J. J. van Gassel, Julia Bels, Loes Remij, Bas C. T. van Bussel, Rein Posthuma, Hester A. Gietema, Jeanine Verbunt, Iwan C. C. van der Horst, Steven W. M. Olde Damink, Susanne van Santen, Marcel C. G. van de Poll
Summary: The study found that survivors of severe COVID-19 commonly experience physical disability at 3 months post-discharge, with muscle weakness, reduced lung diffusing capacity, and increased intermuscular adipose tissue being closely associated with physical performance.
CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Abrahan Ramirez-Gonzalez, Joaquin Manzo-Merino, Carla Olbia Contreras-Ochoa, Margarita Bahena-Roman, Jose Manases Aguilar-Villasenor, Alfredo Lagunas-Martinez, Yvonne Rosenstein, Vicente Madrid Marina, Kirvis Torres-Poveda
Summary: AKNA modulates gene expression in immune cells, acts as a negative regulator of inflammation and plays a role in cancer, autoimmunity, and neurogenesis. The evidence supports AKNA's involvement in various cellular processes.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lauren E. Rentz, Marcella A. Whetsell, Stuart A. Clayton, Alan D. Mizener, Ida Holaskova, Matthew G. Chapa, Emily H. Hoblitzell, Timothy D. Eubank, Emidio E. Pistilli
Summary: Breast cancer incidence is rare in men, but the lack of screening results in lower survival rates compared to women. The study found that there are sexually dimorphic responses in skeletal muscle function and molecular composition to breast tumors. The findings provide insights into therapeutic strategies targeting tumor-associated muscle alterations.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yangquanwei Zhong, Jin Liu, Xiaoyu Jia, Zhuangsheng Tang, Zhouping Shangguan, Ruiwu Wang, Weiming Yan
Summary: This study investigates the responses of soil microbial communities in drylands to environmental stress factors. The results show that bacterial and fungal diversity and community similarity have different sensitivities to environmental stress, with mean annual precipitation being the most important factor. Dominant subcommunities of bacteria and fungi are more sensitive to stress than non-dominant subcommunities. Additionally, certain bacterial and fungal taxa are found to be sensitive to environmental stress and are correlated with carbon and nitrogen cycling-related genes.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Review
Rehabilitation
Liam D. Corr, Adam Field, Deborah Pufal, Tom Clifford, Liam D. Harper, Robert J. Naughton
Summary: Studies suggest that CF intake can reduce exercise-induced oxidative stress. Evidence for the impact of CF on exercise-induced inflammation is lacking, and the effects on muscle function, perceived soreness, and exercise performance are inconsistent across studies.
BMC SPORTS SCIENCE MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION
(2021)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Isobel Jacob, Mark Johnson, Gareth Jones, Ashley Jones, Peter Francis
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate age-related differences in muscle morphology, function, and functional capability in healthy adults. The results showed negative correlations between age and muscle thickness, pennation angle, fascicle length, maximal displacement, grip strength, and the 1-min chair rise test, while positive correlations were observed between age and the echo intensity of the muscle and total contraction time. The differences in muscle health were noticeable at 50 years of age, and females had larger differences compared to males. Physical activity was suggested to mitigate the detrimental changes.
Article
Physiology
Elena M. Yee, Carson T. Hauser, Jonathan J. Petrocelli, Naomi M. M. P. de Hart, Patrick J. Ferrara, Princess Bombyck, Zachary J. Fennel, Lisha van Onselen, Sohom Mookerjee, Katsuhiko Funai, J. David Symons, Micah J. Drummond
Summary: This study found that 12 weeks of treadmill training in old male mice improved endothelial function, physical performance, and overall body composition, but had limited impact on skeletal muscle remodeling at baseline or in response to recovery following disuse atrophy.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Chutimon Khemtong, Antonio Tessitore, Salvador J. Jaime, Giuliana Gobbi, Jorgen Jensen, Ai-Lun Yang, Chia-Hua Kuo, Giancarlo Condello
Summary: The results of this study suggest that BCAAs supplementation does not provide any benefits for basketball players in mitigating muscle damage and soreness, improving neuromuscular performance, and maintaining arterial stiffness after COD exercises.
Review
Food Science & Technology
Rachel Kimble, Katherine Jones, Glyn Howatson
Summary: Anthocyanins have potential to facilitate exercise recovery by improving antioxidant capacity, reducing inflammation, and enhancing strength and muscle soreness. The effects are dose-dependent.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Sarah E. Costello, Jack R. W. Rossiter, Glyn Howatson, Phillip G. Bell, Barry O'Neill, Ken van Someren, Crystal F. Haskell-Ramsay
Summary: This study investigated the effects of intensified training on cognitive function, psychological state, and performance in trained cyclists. The findings showed that two weeks of intensified training resulted in overreaching, as demonstrated by decreased peak and mean power output, increased total mood disturbance, and disruption to recovery-stress balance. However, cognitive function remained unaffected during the training period, suggesting caution in using it as an early indicator of overreaching.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SPORT SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Bryony A. Curry, Aimee L. Drane, Rebeca Atencia, Yedra Feltrer, Glyn Howatson, Thalita Calvi, Christopher Palmer, Sophie Moittie, Steve Unwin, Joshua C. Tremblay, Meg M. Sleeper, Michael L. Lammey, Steve Cooper, Mike Stembridge, Rob Shave
Summary: The study found differences in body weight, growth rate, and age at maturation between captive chimpanzees and wild chimpanzees. Adult body weight was greater in zoo and research chimpanzees compared to sanctuary chimpanzees. Sanctuary chimpanzees had slower growth rates, and male sanctuary chimpanzees had a later age at maturation for body weight.
Article
Sport Sciences
Carl Langan-Evans, Mark A. Hearris, Chloe Gallagher, Stephen Long, Craig Thomas, Andrew D. Moss, William Cheung, Glyn Howatson, James P. Morton
Summary: This study aimed to test the effects of a novel nutritional blend on subjective and objective measures of sleep. The results showed that the blend reduced sleep onset latency, increased total sleep time and sleep efficiency, and reduced morning sleepiness.
MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS & EXERCISE
(2023)
Article
Acoustics
Steven J. Marshall, Kirsty M. Hicks, Glyn Howatson, Lisa Cox, Kevin Thomas
Summary: This study examined the validity and reliability of measuring patellar tendon (PT) cross-sectional area (CSA) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasound (US). The findings indicate that both MRI and US can accurately estimate the PT CSA, with US measurements showing excellent reliability.
ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kia Salimi, Masoomeh Alvandi, Mahdi Saberi Pirouz, Kamran Rakhshan, Glyn Howatson
Summary: Skeletal muscle responds to exercise training by increasing muscle protein synthesis through the translation elongation pathway. This review highlights the impact of exercise training on this pathway, focusing on the molecular factors and the mode and volume of exercise training intervention.
ARCHIVES OF PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Anna Wippich, Glyn Howatson, Georgia Allen-Baker, Derek Farrell, Matthew Kiernan, Andrea Scott-Bell
Summary: This study conducted experiments on low socioeconomic status individuals and refugees in Lebanon, proving the effectiveness of eye movement desensitization reprocessing (EMDR) in treating posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, and depression symptoms. These findings contribute to the research base for under-researched populations.
PSYCHOLOGICAL TRAUMA-THEORY RESEARCH PRACTICE AND POLICY
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Natalie Dyas, David Green, Kevin Thomas, Esme Matthew, Glyn Howatson
Summary: This study aimed to assess the relationship between physical floor based performance measures and maximum Time of Flight (ToF) in elite gymnasts. The results showed that there were very large and large positive correlations between CMJ F-0 and ToF for seniors and juniors respectively, and very large positive correlations between CMJ height and total ToF for both seniors and juniors. Multiple regression analyses revealed that CMJ F-0 predicted 72% of ToF variability in seniors, while CMJ height, 10 to 5 Reactive Strength Index (RSI), and CMJ F-0 predicted 82% of ToF variability in juniors.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SPORT SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Rachelle Bester, Zinandre Stander, Shayne Mason, Karen M. Keane, Glyn Howatson, Tom Clifford, Emma J. Stevenson, Du Toit Loots
Summary: Extreme endurance events can have negative effects on athletes' health and performance, especially without sufficient recovery. This study aimed to understand the metabolic changes during post-marathon recovery and identify biomarkers related to stress, recovery, and adaptation. Using metabolomics, researchers found that several metabolites were significantly affected during recovery, including those related to energy production, gut microbiota, and muscle soreness. Although some metabolic pathways recovered within 48 hours, certain metabolites remained perturbed or fluctuated again after initial recovery.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Sport Sciences
Justin W. Andrushko, Joshua C. Carr, Jonathan P. Farthing, Lindsey K. Lepley, Jason M. Defreitas, Stuart Goodall, Ashlee M. Hendy, Glyn Howatson, Dustin R. Grooms, Tjerk Zult, Tibor Hortobagyi, Gulcan Harput, Maria Papandreou, Kazunori Nosaka, Richard G. Carson, Andrea Manca, Franca Deriu, David George Behm, Dawson J. Kidgell, Nicholas C. Clark, Lara A. Boyd
BRITISH JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Freddy Brown, Matt Hill, Derek Renshaw, Charles Pedlar, Jessica Hill, Ken van Someren, Glyn Howatson, Jason Tallis
Summary: This study investigated the effects of compression garments on recovery from exercise-induced muscle damage and the repeated bout effect. The results showed that compression garments did not enhance recovery but impaired the repeated bout effect at higher isokinetic velocities.
EXPERIMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Gonzalo Gomez-Guerrero, Janne Avela, Miro Enroth, Ella Haekkinen, Paul Ansdell, Glyn Howatson, Simon Walker
Summary: This study investigated the reliability of motor evoked potentials and lumbar evoked potentials at different stimulation intensities and contraction levels in m.rectus femoris. The results showed that MEPs and LEPs elicited in m.rectus femoris appear to be reliable to assess changes at different segments of the cortico-spinal tract during different contraction levels and stimulator output intensities. Furthermore, the TMS- and LS- elicited SP was a reliable tool considered to reflect inhibitory processes at spinal and cortical levels.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Physiology
Yonas Akalu, Ashlyn K. Frazer, Glyn Howatson, Alan J. Pearce, Ummatul Siddique, Mohamad Rostami, Jamie Tallent, Dawson J. Kidgell
Summary: In addition to its established role in postural control, the reticulospinal tract (RST) has been found to be involved in strength, motor recovery, and other gross motor functions. This review aimed to determine the overall role of the RST in motor function and recovery. A literature search retrieved 32 eligible studies, including human and animal studies, that assessed the role of the RST. The findings suggest that the RST plays an important role in motor recovery, gross motor function, and strength gain, although further studies are needed to better understand its role in healthy individuals and its contribution to the development of spasticity.
PHYSIOLOGICAL REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Gonzalo Gomez-Guerrero, Paul Ansdell, Glyn Howatson, Janne Avela, Simon Walker
Summary: This study investigated spinal excitability during the transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) silent period (SP) at different time delays in m.rectus femoris. The results showed that reduced spinal excitability was extended during 50% and 75% of maximum voluntary contraction (MVC). In the future, paired TMS-lumbar stimulation (LS) could be a valuable method for studying changes in spinal excitability during SP and testing various neurophysiological phenomena.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Danny Lum, Glyn Howatson
Summary: This study compared the acute effects of isometric strength training and heavy resistance training on sprinting, jumping, and isometric strength performance. The results showed that acute heavy resistance training led to a greater reduction in sprinting strength performance and lower perceived recovery.
JOURNAL OF SCIENCE IN SPORT AND EXERCISE
(2023)