Stability of Unconventional Superconductivity on Surfaces of Topological Insulators

Superconductivity on the surface of topological insulators is known to be anisotropic and unconventional in that the symmetry is the mixture of s-wave and nodeless p-wave component under certain conditions. In contrast to Anderson's theorem for the insensitivity of the s-wave superconducting critical temperature to the nonmagnetic (time-reversal symmetric (TRS)) impurities, anisotropic superconductors including nodeless p-wave one are in general fragile even with small concentration of the TRS impurities. By employing the Abrikosov-Gor'kov theory, we clarify that this type of unconventional superconductivity emergent on the surface state of the strong topological insulators robustly survive against TRS impurities.