Two-stage workforce planning under demand fluctuations and uncertainty

We address a multi-category workforce planning problem for functional areas located at different service centres, each having office-space and recruitment capacity constraints, and facing fluctuating and uncertain workforce demand. A deterministic model is initially developed to deal with workforce fluctuations based on an expected demand profile over the horizon. To hedge against the demand uncertainty, we also propose a two-stage stochastic program, in which the first stage makes personnel recruiting and allocation decisions, while the second stage reassigns workforce demand among all units. A Benders' decomposition-based algorithm is designed to solve this two-stage stochastic mixed-integer program. Computational results based on some practical numerical experiments are presented to provide insights on applying the deterministic versus the stochastic programming approach, and to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed algorithm as compared with directly solving the model using its deterministic equivalent.