Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alicia Weier, Michael Enders, Philipp Kirchner, Arif Ekici, Marc Bigaud, Christopher Kapitza, Juergen Woerl, Stefanie Kuerten
Summary: Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system. Siponimod, the only approved drug for secondary progressive MS, acts on the peripheral immune system and does not have pronounced direct neuroprotective effects.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Zhi-Yun Fan, Ya-Ping Chen, Li Chen, Xiao-Qin Zhang, Lin-Lin Chen, Bin Lu, Yan Wang, Wei Xu, Wei-Heng Xu, Jun-Ping Zhang
Summary: This study demonstrates that MASM, a novel derivative of matrine, shows promising potential for the treatment of multiple sclerosis. MASM not only inhibits inflammatory responses in astrocytes, but also suppresses the formation of reactive A1 astrocytes and maintains their functions, including synapse formation and phagocytosis of synapses and myelin debris. Furthermore, MASM significantly alleviates the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, with inhibition of inflammation, demyelination, axon loss and improvement in the function of the blood-brain barrier.
INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Arezoo Hosseini, Tohid Gharibi, Adel Mohammadzadeh, Abbas Ebrahimi-Kalan, Farhad Jadidi-niaragh, Zohreh Babaloo, Dariush Shanehbandi, Elham Baghbani, Behzad Baradaran
Summary: Ruxolitinib ameliorated the severity of EAE by modulating the balance between Th17 cells and Tregs, reducing inflammatory markers levels and increasing levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Rongbo Zhang, Jin Liu, Bin Xu, You Wu, Shunli Liang, Qiang Yuan
Summary: The study investigated the therapeutic effects of cornuside on EAE and its impact on Th17 and Treg cell infiltration. Cornuside showed anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects, alleviating neurological deficits in EAE rats with Th17 cells possibly being one of its therapeutic targets.
JOURNAL OF ZHEJIANG UNIVERSITY-SCIENCE B
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Alexandru Tatomir, Jacob Cuevas, Tudor C. C. Badea, Dafin F. F. Muresanu, Violeta Rus, Horea Rus
Summary: Recent studies have highlighted the significant role of reactive astrocytes in multiple sclerosis (MS). The gene RGC-32, induced by complement activation, growth factors, and cytokines, is found to play a crucial role in the differentiation of Th17 cells and in regulating gene expression in astrocytes. RGC-32 promotes the formation of reactive astrocytes and has the potential to be a biomarker and therapeutic target for MS.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Yumeng Ding, Liye Hu, Xiaotong Wang, Qingyu Sun, Tingting Hu, Jing Liu, Danmin Shen, Yurui Zhang, Wen Chen, Chao Wei, Meng Liu, Dianxin Liu, Peipei Wang, Chenguang Zhang, Jiannan Zhang, Qian Li, Fei Yang
Summary: This study revealed that reactive astrocytes have a role in the early stages of multiple sclerosis and are important in the development of pain. Inhibition of astrocyte reactivity effectively alleviates pain symptoms in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis. Spinal cord microglia do not directly participate in the early stage of pain in multiple sclerosis. Moreover, the ion channel LRRC8A mediated the reactivity of astrocytes, thereby playing a role in the early pain of multiple sclerosis.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Yun Xiao, Jing Tian, Wen-Cheng Wu, Yu-Han Gao, Yu-Xin Guo, Sheng-Jiao Song, Rui Gao, Li-Bin Wang, Xiao-Yu Wu, Yuan Zhang, Xing Li
Summary: The lack of targeted and high-efficiency drug delivery to the central nervous system (CNS) nidus is a major problem in treating demyelinating diseases. This study developed a novel therapeutic system using engineered extracellular vesicles (EVs) from neural stem cells (NSCs) with high expressed ligand PDGF-A (EVPs) for local delivery targeting oligodendrocyte lineage. Experimental results demonstrated that systemic injection of EVPs + T3, as compared to EVPs or T3 alone, significantly alleviated disease progression, enhanced oligodendrocyte survival, inhibited myelin damage, and promoted myelin regeneration in mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.
BIOACTIVE MATERIALS
(2022)
Review
Neurosciences
Sofia Pereira das Neves, Joao Carlos Sousa, Nuno Sousa, Joao Jose Cerqueira, Fernanda Marques
Summary: Multiple sclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system that affects about 2.5 million people worldwide. There is currently no cure for MS and the available treatments only slow the initial phases of the disease. Disease progression and disability in MS are better correlated with the maintenance of a persistent low-grade inflammation inside the CNS, driven by local glial cells like astrocytes.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Grazyna Pyka-Fosciak, Grzegorz J. Lis, Jan A. Litwin
Summary: This study aims to examine the expression of adhesion molecules in different phases of EAE and the effect of anti-VLA-4 mAb treatment. The results showed that the expression of adhesion molecules exhibited different temporal patterns in different phases of EAE. Anti-VLA-4 mAb not only inhibited the expression of VLA-4, but also affected the expression of other adhesion molecules.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Baohua Hou, Jun Yin, Shuyan Liu, Jincheng Guo, Baobao Zhang, Zhenzhen Zhang, Lanping Yang, Xiying Tan, Yijiao Long, Sijie Feng, Jingchun Zhou, Yifan Wu, Xueyang Wang, Song Han, Zhenhui Wang, Xiaohua He
Summary: This study demonstrates that inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome can alleviate the pathological changes in the brain of EAE mice, including neuronal damage, demyelination, and oligodendrocyte loss. This protective effect may be attributed to the suppression of glial cell activation and prevention of microglia polarization to the M1 phenotype. Inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome shows therapeutic potential for multiple sclerosis.
MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nozomi Sachi, Naganori Kamiyama, Benjawan Saechue, Sotaro Ozaka, Astri Dewayani, Shimpei Ariki, Thanyakorn Chalalai, Yasuhiro Soga, Chiaki Fukuda, Yomei Kagoshima, Supanuch Ekronarongchai, Takashi Kobayashi
Summary: Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease characterized by immune attack on the nerve myelin sheath. The balance between pathogenic Th17 cells and regulatory Treg cells, expressing chemokine receptor CCR6, is crucial in determining disease activity. The role of CCL20, the ligand of CCR6, in attracting immune cells to the central nervous system (CNS) in multiple sclerosis has not been fully understood. This study generated CCL20-knockout and CCR6-knockout mice using CRISPR/Cas9 system and found that the migratory function mediated by CCL20/CCR6 may not be necessary for the onset of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE).
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Review
Neurosciences
Taekyun Shin, Meejung Ahn, Jeongtae Kim, Kyungsook Jung, Changjong Moon, Moon-Doo Kim
Summary: Visual disabilities are important symptoms in central nervous system autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Past studies have focused on neuro-inflammatory changes in the white matter of the brain, but lesions have been found in the visual pathway and retina/optic nerves. While retina and optic nerves are immunologically privileged sites, inflammation can occur via other routes.
MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Chiara Camponeschi, Maria De Carluccio, Susanna Amadio, Maria Elisabetta Clementi, Beatrice Sampaolese, Cinzia Volonte, Maria Tredicine, Vincenzo Romano Spica, Rosa Di Liddo, Francesco Ria, Fabrizio Michetti, Gabriele Di Sante
Summary: The study demonstrated a direct correlation between S100B and inflammatory processes, and investigated the effect of AA on a mouse model of multiple sclerosis by inhibiting astrocytic S100B synthesis. The results showed that the AA-treated group had milder symptoms in the early phase of the disease and reduced various pathological features.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Marina Boziki, Paschalis Theotokis, Evangelia Kesidou, Eleni Karafoulidou, Chrystalla Konstantinou, Iliana Michailidou, Yasemin Bahar, Ayse Altintas, Nikolaos Grigoriadis
Summary: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) with a neurodegenerative component. Age plays a role in the disease phenotype and progression, as well as the transition from relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) to secondary progressive disease. Sex also influences disease phenotype and immune system in both humans and animal models. This review focuses on the effects of sex and aging on MS phenotype, immune system, and CNS, using experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) models.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Valeria Ramaglia, Olga Rojas, Ikbel Naouar, Jennifer L. Gommerman
Summary: Multiple sclerosis is a chronic disease characterized by the invasion of immune cells into the central nervous system, causing demyelination of axons and subsequent physical and cognitive disability. Immunologists are interested in MS as it provides a case study for how immune cells interact with CNS barriers and specialized tissue cells. The review describes the infiltration of immune cells into the CNS, their interactions with glial cells in different lesions, and the impact of compartmentalized immune cells on disease progression.
ANNUAL REVIEW OF IMMUNOLOGY, VOL 39
(2021)
