Review
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Moises Henriques, Diogo Rodrigues, Susana Viegas, Florentino Serranheira, Ema Sacadura-Leite
Summary: This systematic review highlights the high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in active duty Navy military personnel, especially in submariners, and emphasizes the need for preventive measures. The heterogeneity of the studies and the limited inclusion of only submariners may limit the generalizability to all active duty Navy military personnel. Further research on this topic should be promoted.
OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Jae-Hun Jung, Eun-Ah Kim, Sang-Yoon Lee, Jung-Eun Moon, Eun-Joo Lee, Sook-Hyun Park
Summary: This study aimed to investigate changes in vitamin D levels and factors associated with vitamin D deficiency (VDD) in Korean preterm infants during the first year of life. The study found a high incidence of VDD in these infants, with vitamin D levels at birth being the strongest predictor of VDD during follow-up. Vitamin D supplementation at 400 IU/day did not affect vitamin D levels during the first year of life. Further research is needed to determine the optimal vitamin D supplementation dose for Korean preterm infants.
Article
Orthopedics
K. Aaron Shaw, Joshua Hattaway, Nolan Villani, Colleen Barkley, Frederick O'Brien, Keith L. Jackson, Michael Tucker
Summary: This study retrospectively examined operatively treated femoral neck stress fractures in military trainees and found that a higher proportion of service members who underwent surgery due to fracture line progression remained in the military. The extent of osseous edema on initial MRI may help predict the final extent of the fracture.
CLINICAL ORTHOPAEDICS AND RELATED RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Ji-Young Kwon, Sung-Goo Kang
Summary: This study investigated the changes in vitamin D levels and deficiency prevalence among Korean adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results showed an increase in vitamin D levels and a decrease in deficiency prevalence during the pandemic.
Review
Food Science & Technology
Chao Lu, Weihua Zhou, Xinjue He, Xinxin Zhou, Chaohui Yu
Summary: The study found that patients with celiac disease have lower Vitamin D levels compared to controls, which improve after treatment, but there is no difference in Vitamin D Receptor genotypes between the two groups.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Lauri Savolainen, Saima Timpmann, Martin Mooses, Luule Medijainen, Lisette Tonutare, Frederik Ross, Mart Lellsaar, Anneli Piir, Mihkel Zilmer, Eve Unt, Vahur Oopik
Summary: The study found that 12-week vitamin D supplementation can increase serum vitamin D levels and improve inflammatory status in young healthy men with vitamin D deficiency, but has no significant impact on cardiorespiratory fitness.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Marc-Antoine Sanchez, Basile Fuchs, Pascale Tubert-Bitter, Anne-Sophie Mariet, Fabrice Jollant, Aurelie Mayet, Catherine Quantin
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has likely had a significant impact on the mental health of French military personnel, as indicated by the increase in dispensing of psychotropic drugs. Further investigation is needed to implement mental health prevention measures for this population.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Yi Ruan, Xin Yu, Huan Wang, Bin Zou, Wen-Juan Song, Wei Gu, Chang-Quan Ling
Summary: The study found that the sleep quality of recruits before basic combat training significantly influences the incidence of military training injuries, especially soft tissue injuries.
OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Karolina Kowalcze, Robert Krysiak, Anna Obuchowicz
Summary: This study assessed the impact of vitamin D status during pregnancy on the course of minipuberty in boys. The results suggest that a low vitamin D status during pregnancy may stimulate reproductive axis activity and affect the early development of male genital organs.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Karl C. Alcover, Eduard A. Poltavskiy, Jeffrey T. Howard, Jessica R. Watrous, Jud C. Janak, Lauren E. Walker, Ian J. Stewart
Summary: This study found that injured servicemembers who had persistent opioid prescription use were more likely to develop alcohol use disorder than those without opioid use. Clinicians should consider patients' alcohol use history when initiating opioid treatment.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Linda Schenk, Hakan Wingfors, Bjorn Skoog, Niklas Forsgard, Christina Nyberg, Fabian Taube
Summary: Lead exposure remains a major concern for professions involving firearms, especially with the increasing number of women in these roles. Personal air sampling during a training course showed that despite low external lead exposures, there was a significant increase in systemic exposure for cadets. Additional measures are needed to reduce lead exposure, particularly for instructors.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYGIENE AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
(2021)
Article
Physiology
Stephen A. Foulis, Karl E. Friedl, Barry A. Spiering, Leila A. Walker, Katelyn I. Guerriere, Vincent P. Pecorelli, David J. Zeppetelli, Marinaliz C. Reynoso, Kathryn M. Taylor, Julie M. Hughes
Summary: In 1981, the US military implemented body fat standards to improve physical readiness and prevent obesity. This study examined the accuracy of circumference-based equations in assessing changes in body fat percentage (BF%) during Army Basic Combat Training (BCT) in young adult recruits. The results showed that circumference measures underestimated BF% at the start of BCT in both genders. Additionally, circumference measures did not accurately detect changes in BF% during BCT in women and underestimated the changes in men.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Industrial
Sean L. Corrigan, Spencer S. H. Roberts, Stuart A. Warmington, Jace R. Drain, Jamie L. Tait, Sean Bulmer, Luana C. Main
Summary: The study aimed to assess whether overnight heart rate variability (HRV) can indicate workload and stress levels during military training. The research collected data on cognitive load, perceived exertion, physical activity, nocturnal HRV, cognitive performance, and sleep for a 15-day period involving 32 combat engineers. The findings showed that the FIELD phase, characterized by increased mood disturbance, perceived exertion, physical activity, and reduction in sleep quantity, had a significant impact on HRV.
APPLIED ERGONOMICS
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Nicole M. Sekel, Meaghan E. Beckner, William R. Conkright, Alice D. LaGoy, Felix Proessl, Mita Lovalekar, Brian J. Martin, Leslie R. Jabloner, Alaska L. Beck, Shawn R. Eagle, Michael Dretsch, Peter G. Roma, Fabio Ferrarelli, Anne Germain, Shawn D. Flanagan, Christopher Connaboy, Amy J. Haufler, Bradley C. Nindl
Summary: Laboratory-based studies have consistently shown negative effects on warfighter's performance under simulated military stress. This study aimed to assess the impact of a 48-hour simulated military stress on military tactical decision making, with results indicating that high adaptors demonstrated better baseline psychological resilience and aerobic capacity compared to low adaptors.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Zaleha Md Isa, Nor Rumaizah Mohd Nordin, Muhammad Hilmi Mahmud, Syahirah Hashim
Summary: Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent worldwide, including in Malaysia, particularly among females, Indians, and those of Malay ethnicity. It can be managed through pharmacological or non-pharmacological approaches, and prevention methods include adequate intake, sun exposure, or supplementation. Special attention should be given to high-risk groups such as infants, obese patients, and the elderly.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Laura J. Lutz, Erin Gaffney-Stomberg, J. Philip Karl, Julie M. Hughes, Katelyn I. Guerriere, James P. McClung
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Anna T. Nakayama, Laura J. Lutz, Adela Hruby, James P. Karl, James P. McClung, Erin Gaffney-Stomberg
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2019)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Laura J. Lutz, Anna T. Nakayama, J. Philip Karl, James P. McClung, Erin Gaffney-Stomberg
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF NUTRITION
(2019)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Tracey J. Smith, James Philip Karl, Marques A. Wilson, Claire C. Whitney, Ann Barrett, Nicole Favreau Farhadi, Chung-Yen Oliver Chen, Scott J. Montain
BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2019)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Corby K. Martin, William D. Johnson, Candice A. Myers, John W. Apolzan, Conrad P. Earnest, Diana M. Thomas, Jennifer C. Rood, Neil M. Johannsen, Catrine Tudor-Locke, Melissa Harris, Daniel S. Hsia, Timothy S. Church
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2019)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Stefan M. Pasiakos, Claire E. Berryman, J. Philip Karl, Harris R. Lieberman, Jeb S. Orr, Lee M. Margolis, John A. Caldwell, Andrew J. Young, Monty A. Montano, William J. Evans, Oshin Vartanian, Owen T. Carmichael, Kishore M. Gadde, Neil M. Johannsen, Robbie A. Beyl, Melissa N. Harris, Jennifer C. Rood
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Heather S. Fagnant, Nicholes J. Armstrong, Laura J. Lutz, Anna T. Nakayama, Katelyn Guerriere, Robin Ruthazer, Renee E. Cole, James P. McClung, Erin Gaffney-Stomberg, J. Philip Karl
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
George A. Bray, Leanne M. Redman, Jennifer Rood, Lilian de Jonge, Steven R. Smith
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
John W. Apolzan, Jesse A. Stein, Jennifer C. Rood, Robbie A. Beyl, Shengping Yang, Frank L. Greenway, Harris R. Lieberman
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the effects of arginine supplementation on growth hormone and metabolic parameters. The results showed that arginine supplementation modestly increased levels of growth hormone, glucose, and thyroid-stimulating hormone in younger men. Moreover, individuals who responded to arginine supplementation had higher levels of certain metabolites and an unknown compound attributed to gut microbiome.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
J. Philip Karl, Nicholes J. Armstrong, Robert A. Player, Jennifer C. Rood, Jason W. Soares, Holly L. McClung
Summary: Food processing alters diet composition and digestibility, which is related to host health. This study analyzed the fecal metabolome and found that consuming processed food affects diet-microbiota interactions and gastrointestinal health. The findings highlight the importance of considering both food processing and nutrient composition in studying diet-gut microbiota interactions.
JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Physiology
Alyssa N. Varanoske, Melissa N. Harris, Callie Hebert, Neil M. Johannsen, Steven B. Heymsfield, Frank L. Greenway, Arny A. Ferrando, Jennifer C. Rood, Stefan M. Pasiakos
Summary: The physical performance decrements observed during multi-stressor military operations may be attributed to cellular membrane dysfunction, which can be quantified using phase angle (PhA) derived from bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Positive associations between PhA and performance have been reported, but it is unknown whether changes in PhA indicate acute decrements in performance during military operations.
PHYSIOLOGICAL REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hayley G. Law, Muhammad A. Khan, Wei Zhang, Heejung Bang, Jennifer Rood, Marlene Most, Michael Lefevre, Lars Berglund, Byambaa Enkhmaa
Summary: Reducing dietary saturated fatty acids (SFA) intake can lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, but it leads to an increase in lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) levels in African Americans. Understanding the mechanisms underlying the modulation of cardiovascular risk factors by saturated fatty acids and their impacts across populations is important.
JOURNAL OF LIPID RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
J. Philip Karl, Claire E. Berryman, Melissa N. Harris, Harris R. Lieberman, Kishore M. Gadde, Jennifer C. Rood, Stefan M. Pasiakos
JOURNAL OF THE ENDOCRINE SOCIETY
(2020)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Ida Gisela Pantoja-Feliciano, Jason W. Soares, Laurel A. Doherty, J. Philip Karl, Holly L. McClung, Nicholes J. Armstrong, Tobyn A. Branck, Steven Arcidiacono
Article
Physiology
Andrew J. Young, James P. Karl, Claire E. Berryman, Scott J. Montain, Beth A. Beidleman, Stefan M. Pasiakos
PHYSIOLOGICAL REPORTS
(2019)