Article
Electrochemistry
Andrei Kulikovsky
Summary: A recent single-pore model has been developed for analyzing the performance of cathode catalyst layer in low-Pt PEM fuel cells, and successfully used to fit experimental data to determine key parameters for improving cell performance.
JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2021)
Article
Electrochemistry
Hiroyuki Uchida, Guoyu Shi, Muhammad Imran, Donald A. Tryk
Summary: Polymer electrolyte membranes (PEMs) in fuel cells are chemically degraded by center dot OH radicals, which are generated from H2O2 produced by a reaction between hydrogen adsorbed on the Pt anode and O-2 diffusing through the PEM. By studying the H2O2 production rate at Pt catalysts with different particle sizes, it was found that the production rate decreases with increasing particle size, leading to a decrease in mass activity for the hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR). The use of Pt skin-covered PtCo/C is a potential solution for achieving low H2O2 production and high HOR activity simultaneously.
JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Zhibin Niu, Junqi Wu, Xiufeng Liu, Lizhen Huang, Per Sieverts Nielsen
Summary: This paper proposes a novel energy demand-side management approach based on smart meter data, utilizing spatio-temporal visual analysis to discover urban energy consumption patterns, identify energy-saving potentials, plan energy supply, and improve energy efficiency. Through empirical studies, five typical energy consumption patterns and demand shift patterns are identified in the Pudong district.
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Xiaohan Lin, Xiaolong Zou, Zilong Ji, Tiejun Huang, Si Wu, Yuanyuan Mi
Summary: The study introduces a novel brain-inspired computational model for generic spatio-temporal pattern recognition, consisting of reservoir and decision-making modules, capable of extracting frequency and order information of temporal inputs and performing well in looming pattern discrimination and gait recognition tasks, outperforming deep learning counterparts with limited training data.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yu-Xin Liu, Wei-Yi Zhang, Guo-Kang Han, Ya-Wei Zhou, Ling-Feng Li, Fan-Peng Kong, Yun-Zhi Gao, Chun-Yu Du, Jia-Jun Wang, Lei Du, Wen-Bin Cai, Ge-Ping Yin
Summary: This study reveals that dynamic potential scanning can gradually regenerate poisoned Pt/C, and that SO2 can be converted to easily oxidized forms at a low potential. Based on this mechanism, a square wave-based protocol is proposed to completely regenerate SO2-poisoned Pt surfaces within an unprecedented three cycles.
Article
Nuclear Science & Technology
A. R. Mullabaev, V. A. Kovrov, A. S. Kholkina, Yu P. Zaikov
Summary: Platinum anodes are commonly used for metal oxides reduction, but their high cost and low corrosion resistance limit their application. NiO-Li2O ceramics, as an alternative anode material, show good corrosion resistance. The anode processes and oxygen current efficiency of both platinum and NiO-Li2O ceramics were studied.
NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Software Engineering
Jiayang Li, Chongke Bi
Summary: Advancements in air monitoring methods have enabled the analysis of large-scale air pollution phenomena. Extracting potential air pollution information from these large-scale datasets is crucial in the field of environmental science. To cater to the analysis needs of domain experts, a visual analysis framework based on user-friendly multi-view interactions and innovative visual designs has been developed, allowing the exploration of spatiotemporal dynamics of multiple pollution data.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
S. De Iaco
Summary: This paper discusses the development of complex-valued random fields in a spatio-temporal context and the construction of new complex covariance models. It introduces a new family of spatio-temporal complex-valued models obtained through a positive mixture of an infinite number of terms and provides a case study on the spatio-temporal complex correlation structure of vectorial data.
STOCHASTIC ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND RISK ASSESSMENT
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Zhibin Shi, Lili Wei, Pengfei Wang, Shida Wang, Zaisi Liu, Yongping Jiang, Jingfei Wang
Summary: This study conducted a spatial and temporal Bayesian evolutionary analysis to understand the spread and evolution process of the H7N9 influenza A virus. The findings showed that the virus likely emerged in August 2012 in a border area of Anhui Province, 6 months earlier than the first reported human case. By the end of 2013, two major epicenters had formed in the Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta regions, and the virus spread to other regions at an average speed of 6.57 km/day. The study also developed a model based on the random forest algorithm to predict the occurrence risk of the H7N9 virus.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Daosheng Chen, Fei Zhang, Chi Yung Jim, Jupar Bahtebay
Summary: This study examined the spatio-temporal evolution of oasis urban landscape patterns using remote sensing and spatial analysis techniques. The findings showed significant changes in land use and cover due to urbanization in the past 20 years. Building area increased the most, mainly in the northwest direction. The increase in building land was influenced by topography and vegetation cover. Furthermore, the center of gravity of building land shifted towards the north, while green space and bare land shifted towards the south. These findings could inform future sustainable urban development.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Electrochemistry
Andrei Kulikovsky
Summary: The study analyzes the impedance model of the low-Pt cathode catalyst layer in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, finding a connection between the characteristic frequency of film impedance and the frequency of faradaic process in the CCL, which makes it difficult to separate the two processes using impedance spectroscopy.
JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Heriberto Cruz-Martinez, Wilbert Guerra-Cabrera, Ernesto Flores-Rojas, Dunia Ruiz-Villalobos, Hugo Rojas-Chavez, Yesica A. Pena-Castaneda, Dora I. Medina
Summary: Designing efficient nanocatalysts is crucial for the widespread use of proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Pt-free metal nanocatalysts have gained attention for their good catalytic activity and slightly lower cost compared to Pt. Combining experimental and theoretical investigations is a cost-effective approach for designing Pt-free metal nanocatalysts.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Navid Haghmoradi, Zahide Tugba Sari, Ahmet Can Kirlioglu, Begum Yarar Kaplan, Burcu Dedeoglu, Pegah Zahedimaram, Sina Abdolhosseinzadeh, Selmiye Alkan Gursel
Summary: This study focuses on photocatalytic syntheses using transition metal ions as hole scavengers and surface modifiers, which can improve the reduction of Pt4+. The experimental results show that cobalt-based hole scavenger can promote the growth of Pt particles on PRGO and enhance the electrocatalytic activity of Pt.
ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Analytical
Edmundo S. Valerio Neto, Caio V. S. Almeida, Flavio Colmati, Eduardo G. Ciapina, Giancarlo R. Salazar-Banda, Katlin I. B. Eguiluz
Summary: Pt nanoparticles are widely used as catalysts in low-temperature fuel cells. However, the high cost and limited supply of Pt have led to the search for alternative materials. Recent research has shown that Pt nanowires and their alloys offer a promising solution.
JOURNAL OF ELECTROANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Meryem Samanci, Ayse Bayrakceken Yurtcan
Summary: Reduced graphene oxide (RGO) has been synthesized as carbon sourced catalyst support materials for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) fuel cells. Pt catalysts were synthesized using supercritical carbon dioxide deposition technique over the synthesized support materials. The structures of thermally and chemically reduced graphene oxide supports and their Pt catalysts were investigated.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Steven Gronau, Julian Hoelzen, Tobias Mueller, Richard Hanke-Rauschenbach
Summary: This paper investigates the macroeconomic impact of hydrogen in the aviation sector by establishing a macroeconomic database and analyzing the supply pathways of hydrogen-powered aviation. It also identifies and quantifies relevant macroeconomic sectors and provides a foundation for conducting macroeconomic analyses. Furthermore, it highlights potential further research on job effects related to hydrogen demand.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
P. Arnold, S. Kirsch, M. R. Kirchhoff, R. Hanke-Rauschenbach
Summary: Efficient and stable operation of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEM-FC) systems is crucial for automotive applications. This study optimizes a full PEM-FC system using Dynamic Hydrogen Electrodes and demonstrates how gas replacement speed and voltage evolution can be improved to mitigate degradation. Experimental results emphasize the importance of a homogeneous flow of the hydrogen/air front across the stack for voltage control in large stacks. The findings provide a procedural template for optimizing the startup and shutdown (SUSD) procedure in automotive fuel cell systems.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Zichen Wang, Jiacheng Sun, Jiye Li, Lang Wang, Zishun Li, Xiaorui Zheng, Liaoyong Wen
Summary: This paper proposes a method based on plasmonic symmetry protected-bound states in the continuum (SP-BIC) metasurfaces with out-of-plane architectures, which can achieve stable bound states even with large structural perturbations. The high-throughput fabrication is realized by using a binary-pore anodic aluminum oxide template technique. The desired out-of-plane architecture demonstrates a low detection limit for endotoxin, showing potential for biosensors and other applications.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Tobias Franz, Georgios Papakonstantinou, Kai Sundmacher
Summary: This study investigates the hydrogen crossover in polymer electrolyte membrane electrolysis cells using a dynamic macroscopic 1-D through-plane model. The results show that transient overshoots in H2-in-O2 content occur at the anode side during down steps in current density, indicating that the membrane acts as short-term mass storage for dissolved hydrogen. Under certain conditions with high cathode mass transport limitations, the lower explosion limit of H2-in-O2 can be transiently exceeded. This research provides insights into transient hydrogen crossover phenomena and contributes to the dynamic model-based analysis of polymer electrolyte water electrolysis cells.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2023)
Article
Electrochemistry
Oskar Weiland, Patrick Trinke, Boris Bensmann, Richard Hanke-Rauschenbach
Summary: This work examines water transport and ionic losses in bipolar membranes during water electrolysis. The experimental setup involves the splitting of water at the bipolar interface between an anion exchange membrane (AEM) and a cation exchange membrane (CEM), resulting in the transportation of ions (protons and hydroxide ions) to the electrodes and removal of water from both membranes through electro-osmotic drag. The study demonstrates the impact of water transport on polarization behavior and validates the effectiveness of reducing AEM or CEM thickness to enhance performance.
JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Electrochemistry
T. Krenz, O. Weiland, P. Trinke, L. Helmers, C. Eckert, B. Bensmann, R. Hanke-Rauschenbach
Summary: This study investigates temperature inhomogeneities and their impact on the performance of industrial-scale PEMWE stacks. Three temperature differences are examined: between the inlet and outlet, between cells in a stack, and between the cell's solid materials and the fluids. A validated stack model is used to quantify these temperature fields and their influences on current density distribution and cell voltages. Results show significant temperature differences and inhomogeneities, which affect the performance of the stack. Homogenizing temperature profiles through alternative operation methods is analyzed to improve stack utilization.
JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Electrochemistry
An Phuc Dam, Bassam Y. A. Abuthaher, Georgios Papakonstantinou, Kai Sundmacher
Summary: In this study, the absorption affinity of Iridium (Ir) dissolution products in both half-cell and membrane electrode assembly (MEA) setups was investigated using cation and anion exchange materials. It was found that the Ir species in half-cells are mainly cationic, while in MEA they appear mainly in anionic form. This difference is attributed to the transport conditions and migration driving force of Ir ions inside the catalyst layer. This understanding provides insights into the electrocatalytic stability of MEAs and the stability discrepancy compared to half-cells.
JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Zihao Wang, Teng Zhou, Kai Sundmacher
Summary: An efficient CAMPD approach is proposed for the simultaneous design of solvents and ED processes, using data-driven modeling strategy. ANN-based process models are trained to replace physical models, and optimization is performed to obtain optimal solvent properties and process parameters. Rigorous simulations are conducted to evaluate the performance of the optimal solvents and process parameters.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Guzhong Chen, Zhen Song, Zhiwen Qi, Kai Sundmacher
Summary: This work presents a scalable and integrated machine learning framework for building quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) models. The framework integrates various steps such as molecular descriptor generation, feature engineering, model training, selection and ensembling, as well as model validation and timing. By ensembling multiple models and stacking them in multiple layers, the proposed framework achieves better predictive performance compared to existing methods. The effectiveness of the framework is demonstrated through case studies on flash point temperature, melting temperature, and octanol-water partition coefficients, using identical datasets.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Johannes Kopton, Liisa K. Rihko-Struckmann, Laura Koenig-Mattern, Kai Sundmacher
Summary: A multi-objective optimization framework was proposed for the design of an algal biorefinery with multiple target products, utilizing a total of 720 feasible routes and applying life cycle assessment methodology for optimization.
BIOFUELS BIOPRODUCTS & BIOREFINING-BIOFPR
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Karsten H. G. Raetze, Wieland Kortuz, Sabine Kirschtowski, Michael Jokiel, Christof Hamel, Kai Sundmacher
Summary: The transition toward green chemicals production requires new processes to handle sustainable feedstock. The homogeneously rhodium-catalyzed tandem hydroaminomethylation (HAM) is an example reaction of high interest. This work improves the existing mechanistic reaction kinetic model for 1-decene by adjusting the catalyst pre-equilibrium, investigating water influence, and re-estimating kinetic and inhibition parameters. This achieves accurate predictions under various operating conditions.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Electrochemistry
Lena V. Buehre, Alexander J. Mcleod, Patrick Trinke, Boris Bensmann, Mareike Benecke, Omar E. Herrera, Walter Merida, Richard Hanke-Rauschenbach
Summary: This work introduces a platinum wire micro-reference electrode for recording electrochemical impedance spectra of both the anode and the cathode in a proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer. The electrode allows access to the protonic membrane potential outside the active area and enables analysis of kinetic parameters for anode and cathode reactions separately. However, the calculation of exact kinetic parameters is challenging due to a potentially asymmetric potential distribution. Qualitative analysis of potential distribution behavior over temperature, cell compression, and current density is also presented.
JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Electrochemistry
Julian Kink, Martin Ise, Boris Bensmann, Philipp Junker, Richard Hanke-Rauschenbach
Summary: This study investigates the structural mechanics of woven web reinforced membranes in proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) cells. Through experimental testing and simulation analysis, the study found that the used PEMWE cell setup has good mechanical membrane stability during normal operation, but large deformations occur when the gap size at the edge of the electrochemically active cell area exceeds 0.2 mm.
JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Lukas Kistner, Astrid Bensmann, Christine Minke, Richard Hanke-Rauschenbach
Summary: The decarbonization of global ship traffic is a major challenge for the industry in the next few decades, and synthetic fuels are likely to be the key to achieving this goal. However, there is still no consensus on the best technology solution for this task. Different energy carriers, including hydrogen, ammonia, methanol, methane, and synthetic diesel, are being discussed for use in either internal combustion engines or fuel cells. To facilitate the selection process, a case study for the year 2030 is conducted to assess the economic performance of different power technologies and fuels under various ship mission characteristics. The study reveals that gaseous hydrogen, despite its low energy density, offers the lowest overall system costs for passages up to 21 days, depending on cost parameters.
RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Raphael Niepelt, Marlon Schlemminger, Dennis Bredemeier, Florian Peterssen, Clemens Lohr, Astrid Bensmann, Richard Hanke-Rauschenbach, Rolf Brendel
Summary: A fast and extensive build-up of green hydrogen production is essential for global energy transition. The article analyzes the impact of decreasing electrolyzer costs on the utilization of PV in wind-solar hybrid plants and the performance of pure solar hydrogen. It highlights the importance of considering technology development to avoid stranded assets in infrastructure building.
