Article
Chemistry, Physical
Prabhjot Kaur, Jaspreet Kaur Rajput, Poonam Khullar, Mandeep Singh Bakshi
Summary: A study was conducted to investigate the complexation ability between polyethylene oxide-polypropylene oxide triblock polymers and gold nanoparticles. It was found that linear block polymer pluronics had stronger association with gold nanoparticles compared to star shaped tetronics. The difference was attributed to the molecular structures and adsorption modes of pluronics and tetronics on the solid-liquid interface of gold nanoparticles. This research highlights the importance of the complexation ability of biologically active water soluble polymers with nanoparticles in various biological applications where gold nanoparticles are commonly used as markers or drug delivery vehicles.
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Chitralekha Chakrabarti, Mehul Khimani, Vijay Patel, Paresh Parekh, Sadafara Pillai, Jitendra Mata, Rohit L. Vekariya, Poonam Bhadja, Mohd Muddassir
Summary: Pluronics (R) and Tetronics (R) are used to solubilize various hydrophobic compounds in industry. In this study, it was found that they can form micelles in water to enhance the solubility of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, leading to an increase in solution viscosity.
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Farnaz Sotoudegan, Farzaneh Sotoudegan, Yeganeh Talebkhan Garoosi, Sahar H. Afshar, Farzaneh Barkhordari, Fatemeh Davami
Summary: Immunotherapy with recombinant monoclonal antibodies targeting Anti-amyloid-beta has shown promise in reducing amyloid-beta aggregation for Alzheimer's treatment. The use of polymeric micelles for drug delivery has improved bioavailability and stability. The study successfully optimized production conditions for Anti-A beta scFv and synthesized Anti-A beta-loaded polymeric micelles for enhanced stability in plasma.
JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Xijie Wang, Min Zhang, Yanan Li, Hailin Cong, Bing Yu, Youqing Shen
Summary: This article reviews the classification, preparation, structure, and specific functionalities of dendrimer micelles in biomedical applications. The impact of specific functional groups modified on the surface of dendrimers on tumor targeting, stimuli-responsive drug release, reduced toxicity, and prolonged blood circulation time is discussed. Furthermore, the article summarizes the various biomedical applications of dendrimer micelles in cancer therapy, including drug delivery, gene transfection, nano-contrast for imaging, and combined therapy. Other applications such as tissue engineering and biosensors are also mentioned, and the possible challenges and perspectives of dendrimer micelles for further applications are discussed.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Md Al Amin Hossain, Tamanna Islam, Md. Tuhinur R. Joy, Zannatul Kowser, Mohammad Z. Ahmed, Md Tabish Rehman, Mohamed F. Alajmi, Shamim Mahbub, Md Abdul Goni, Md. Anamul Hoque, Shariff E. Kabir
Summary: In this study, the physicochemical properties of the TTAB and pepsin protein mixture were investigated in various sodium salt media. The micellization of TTAB was delayed in the presence of pepsin, and the aggregation of the mixture was hindered by increasing temperatures and [pepsin]. The interaction forces between TTAB and pepsin protein were primarily hydrophobic and electrostatic in nature.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Rui Qi, Yulin Zhu, Liang Han, Meijing Wang, Feng He
Summary: Fabrication of nanomaterials by hierarchical self-assembly is of great research interest, but controlling the sophisticated structures of hierarchical architectures is still challenging. In this study, a diblock copolymer was developed and used to fabricate ultrathin 2D micelles and 2D hierarchical architectures containing multiple 2D lamellar structures through a heating, cooling, and aging process. The number of layers in the 2D hierarchical architectures can be controlled by adjusting the polymer concentration.
Article
Polymer Science
Shota Fujii, Jonas Eichhorn, Felix H. Schacher, Johannes C. Brendel, Kazuo Sakurai
Summary: In recent decades, significant progress has been made in constructing self-assemblies, particularly Platonic polymer micelles. The study demonstrates that the aggregation number of MBS micelles aligns with Platonic numbers within a certain range, and changing salt concentration can lead to discontinuous changes in aggregation numbers of some MBS micelles, indicating characteristic aggregation behaviors of Platonic micelles.
MACROMOLECULAR RAPID COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Bongjoon Lee, Michael J. Maher, Haley J. Schibur, Marc A. Hillmyer, Frank S. Bates
Summary: In this study, the addition of g-ML to PLA was found to significantly improve the brittle mechanical behavior of PLA, resulting in moldable plastics with high tensile toughness and optical transparency.
ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Polymer Science
Angelica Maria Gerardos, Anastasia Balafouti, Stergios Pispas
Summary: This study aims to produce mixed micelle nanostructures from a linear triblock copolymer and a hyperbranched random copolymer, loaded with the weakly water-soluble drugs curcumin and indomethacin. Different physicochemical techniques are used to determine the properties of the nanostructures, and the results reveal desirable properties such as small size and low polydispersity. The nanostructures show outstanding stability when encapsulating curcumin, making them excellent candidates for bioimaging applications.
MACROMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Alexander L. Kwiatkowski, Vyacheslav S. Molchanov, Alexander I. Kuklin, Yuri M. Chesnokov, Olga E. Philippova
Summary: This study investigates the structural transformation of charged hybrid surfactant/polymer micelles induced by salt concentration. The results show that small salt concentration leads to the formation of beads-on-string aggregates on polymer chains, while the addition of KCl transforms these aggregates into rods. The presence of the polymer delays the transition from spheres to rods at higher salt concentrations. The rods formed in the hybrid system are shorter than those in the polymer-free surfactant solution, indicating the stabilization of the semi-spherical endcaps by the embedded polymer. The study also reveals the localization of the polymer within the aggregates.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Or Eivgi, Alexis C. Ravenscroft, Suzanne A. Blum
Summary: By using fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy, researchers have uncovered and quantitatively elucidated the differential block-selective responses toward solvation changes in self-assembled amphiphilic block copolymers. This method provides unique information on solvent-triggered assembly and disassembly mechanisms, and is more sensitive than traditional 1H NMR spectroscopy. These experiments not only demonstrate an analytical method, but also provide a granular mechanistic understanding for fine-tuning block copolymer assembly and disassembly processes.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Zhen Ye, Mai Mohamed Abdelmoaty, Vishakha V. Ambardekar, Stephen M. Curran, Shetty Ravi Dyavar, Lora L. Arnold, Samuel M. Cohen, Devendra Kumar, Yazen Alnouti, Don W. Coulter, Rakesh K. Singh, Joseph A. Vetro
Summary: The study demonstrates the potential of Chol-DsiRNA polyplexes in breast cancer therapy by enhancing the activity and therapeutic efficacy of Chol-DsiSTAT3, as well as improving drug tolerance.
NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Zhengzhong Wu, Panfeng Zhang, Peiwen Wang, Zizhen Wang, Xianglin Luo
Summary: The study utilized amino-PEG decorated copper sulfide nanoparticles as a cross-linker to enhance the stability of polymeric micelles and provide photothermal therapy. The cross-linked micelles exhibited high photothermal transformation efficiency and excellent stability against dilution, as well as pH and redox responsive drug release. Under near-infrared laser irradiation, the cytotoxicity of doxorubicin-loaded micelles increased significantly, leading to the disappearance of tumors and inhibition of tumor metastases in tumor-bearing mice. The nanoparticles acted as both a photothermal agent and a micelle cross-linker, offering new insights for combination therapy.
Article
Polymer Science
Mingqiu Hu, Xindi Li, William T. Heller, Wim Bras, Javid Rzayev, Thomas P. Russell
Summary: In this study, grazing-incidence small-angle neutron scattering (GISANS) was used to investigate the depth-dependent orientation of self-assembled morphologies of block copolymers. The orientation of the microphase-separated structure differed at the polymer-air and polymer-substrate interfaces, as revealed by GISANS. The conversion of a hydrophobic-hydrophobic block copolymer to a hydrophilic-hydrophobic block copolymer significantly increased the segmental interaction parameter and caused microphase separation of the copolymers.
Article
Polymer Science
Daisuke Kugimoto, Aoi Taniguchi, Masaki Kinoshita, Isamu Akiba
Summary: The conformation of PEO chains in star-like amphiphilic polymers has a significant impact on their associating behavior, especially when the number-average molecular weight of PEO is low. Adjusting the occupied area of PEO chains on the core-corona interface is necessary to avoid unfavorable conformations, which can lead to a decrease in aggregation numbers.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Ximena Lopez-Lorenzo, Heba Asem, Arne Stamm, Sathiyaraj Subramaniyan, Minna Hakkarainen, Per-Olof Syren
Summary: This study presents a sustainable method for the synthesis of 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) through whole-cell mediated synthesis. By introducing the gene of P. thermopropionicum HmfF (PtHmfF) into E. coli, the UbiD-UbiX system is utilized to produce FDCA from 2-furoic acid (FA). The resulting whole-cell system enables the carboxylation of FA under mild conditions for the production of FDCA. Furthermore, enzymatic polycondensation catalyzed by Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB) is employed to generate FDCA-based biopolymers using enzymatically produced FDCA.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Hyeri Kim, Giyoung Shin, Min Jang, Fritjof Nilsson, Minna Hakkarainen, Hyo Jung Kim, Sung Yeon Hwang, Junhyeok Lee, Sung Bae Park, Jeyoung Park, Dongyeop X. Oh, Hyeonyeol Jeon, Jun Mo Koo
Summary: Modern society faces an urgent need to address the accumulating plastic pollution, which has even infiltrated our food system. However, biodegradable alternatives often lack the necessary mechanical strength and commercial viability. Inspired by fine cuisine, a novel synthetic method called "seasoning" is introduced, which involves adding a small amount of a biobased multifunctional monomer to enhance the properties of poly(butylene succinate). With just 0.03 mol % of the biobased monomer, the seasoned plastic exhibits significantly improved oxygen barrier, high strength (86 MPa), and excellent elongation at break (654%). This innovative approach, which utilizes existing industrial production methods, has the potential to revolutionize the field of bioplastics and expand their applications.
ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Linnea Cederholm, Peter Olsen, Minna Hakkarainen, Karin Odelius
Summary: This study demonstrates the design of recyclable A-B-A block copolymers with different material properties using a thermodynamic toolkit based on cyclic monomer structure and solvent properties.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Blaise L. Tardy, Erlantz Lizundia, Chamseddine Guizani, Minna Hakkarainen, Mika H. Sipponen
Summary: Lignin is a natural polyphenol that provides trees with resistance and height. There is growing interest in using industrial lignin as a beneficial material. However, most of the industrially produced lignin is currently used as an energy source. To redirect its use towards material applications and avoid environmental issues, circularity needs to be considered.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Nejib Kasmi, Eva Backstrom, Minna Hakkarainen
Summary: Intriguing high-performance polyimines (PI) were designed by recovering diamines from postconsumer PET bottles through microwave-assisted aminolysis. These PIs exhibited excellent thermal properties, super-high toughness and strength, and demonstrated recyclability to original building blocks or direct repolymerization under mild conditions. With easily tunable properties and closed-loop recyclability, these high performance thermoplastics have great potential as next-generation circular materials from recycled plastics waste.
RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Sathiyaraj Subramaniyan, Nasim Najjarzadeh, Sudarsana Reddy Vanga, Anna Liguori, Per-Olof Syren, Minna Hakkarainen
Summary: Bio-based plastics have the potential to positively impact the environment, but to make a difference, they need to be managed and sustainably recycled. Chemical, mechanical, and/or organic recycling should be considered from the start. In this study, we synthesized vanillin-derived Schiff base monomers and corresponding polymers, which showed potential for chemical recycling and enzymatic degradation by PETase.
ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Naba Kumar Kalita, Minna Hakkarainen
Summary: This review provides an overview of recent scientific advancements and innovations in integrating biodegradable polyesters into the circular economy. The focus is on different end-of-life management options for biodegradable polyesters, including mechanical, chemical, and organic recycling. It emphasizes the importance of rethinking and redesigning polymer materials to align with circular material flows and highlights the potential of biodegradable polyesters to be fully compatible with the principles of the circular economy. The development of polyesters with balanced material properties and appropriate disposal methods is a crucial step towards reducing and eliminating plastic waste accumulation.
CURRENT OPINION IN GREEN AND SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sathiyaraj Subramaniyan, Matteo Bergoglio, Marco Sangermano, Minna Hakkarainen
Summary: In order to move towards a circular bioeconomy, a paradigm shift from traditional petroleum-based non-recyclable thermosets to biobased repeatedly recyclable materials is required. Two mechanically and chemically recyclable extended vanillin-derived epoxy thermosets were successfully fabricated by introducing Schiff-base/imine covalent dynamic bonds. These thermosets exhibited good thermal and mechanical properties, stability in common organic solvents, and the ability to be thermally reprocessed through compression molding. Furthermore, they could be rapidly and completely chemically recycled to water-soluble aldehydes and amines by imine hydrolysis in 0.1M HCl solution.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
S. Najmeh Mousavi, Mohsen Parchami, Sunil Kumar Ramamoorthy, Amir Mahboubi Soufiani, Minna Hakkarainen, Akram Zamani
Summary: Carrot pomace (CP), a byproduct of juice production, is rich in cellulose, hemicellulose, sugars, pectin, and minerals. Previous studies only focused on cellulose extraction, while this study aims to utilize all components of CP by converting it into fungal biomass and cellulose.
FERMENTATION-BASEL
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Massimo Marcioni, Mengxiao Zhao, Lorenza Maddalena, Torbjorn Pettersson, Roberto Avolio, Rachele Castaldo, Lars Waberg, Federico Carosio
Summary: In this paper, sustainable and flame-retardant fiber networks were prepared by coating cellulose fibers with chitosan and sodium hexametaphosphate through Layer-by-Layer assembly and freeze-drying. The resulting material showed self-extinguishing behavior, low combustion rates, and significantly lower smoke release compared to commercial polyurethane foams. The homogeneous coating contributed to the high flame-retardant efficiency. This research provides an excellent opportunity for the development of fire-safe materials with natural components, maximizing sustainability and performance.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Jenevieve Yao, Mohammad Morsali, Adrian Moreno, Mika H. Sipponen, Minna Hakkarainen
Summary: The researchers developed a biobased lignin-derivable resin for photopolymerization-based 3D printing by using methacrylated derivatives of vanillin, vanillyl alcohol, and eugenol as aromatic monomers. Lignin nanoparticles were incorporated as functional fillers to improve print resolution and material properties. The resin formulation allowed for control of the mechanical properties and the fabrication of multi-material models suitable for high-resolution and multi-material 3D printing.
EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Alessio Truncali, Iuliana Ribca, Jenevieve Yao, Minna Hakkarainen, Mats Johansson
Summary: In this study, lignin was refined into narrow-dispersity and low molar mass fractions by microwave-assisted processing, followed by chemical modification and application in lignin-based thermosets. The chemically modified lignin showed successful allylation and could be cross-linked to produce thermosets.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Nadia Asta, Michael S. Reid, Torbjorn Pettersson, Lars Wagberg
Summary: This study introduces a method to investigate molecular interactions between fibers by using precisely characterized model materials. The findings reveal a delicate balance in fiber-fiber joint formation and the potential for inducing built-in stresses in the interphase. This research lays the groundwork for creating high-performance biobased materials with tailored fiber-fiber interactions.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Anna Liguori, Eugenia Oliva, Marco Sangermano, Minna Hakkarainen
Summary: Four isosorbide-based photocurable resins were designed and their correlations with composition, chemical structure, DLP 3D printability, thermoset properties, and recyclability were investigated. The study revealed the significant impact of resin composition on printability and physical properties of the resulting thermosets. The research also highlighted the successful reprocessing or chemical recycling of ester-imine thermosets with preserved elastic modulus, emphasizing the role of ester functionality concentration in recycling.
ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Negar Abbasi Aval, Ekeram Lahchaichi, Oana Tudoran, Farzaneh Fayazbakhsh, Rainer Heuchel, Matthias Lohr, Torbjorn Pettersson, Aman Russom
Summary: A novel layer-by-layer coating technique using cellulose nanofibril-polyelectrolyte bilayers was developed for the generation of tumor spheroids on difficult-to-grow pancreatic tumor cell lines. The number of bilayers and the plate type were found to have a significant influence on the successful formation of spheroids.
Article
Polymer Science
Yuanzhang Jiang, Xuyi Wang, Yanting Han, Dakai Gong, Yingchun Gu, Lin Tan
Summary: In this study, FeCl3 and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) were doped into waterborne polyurethanes (WPUs) to create multifunctional materials with self-healing and antimicrobial properties. WPU/Fe/PAA-5.5, containing 5.5 wt % PAA, exhibited excellent mechanical properties, strong self-healing capabilities, and an impressive antimicrobial rate of over 90%. These supramolecular films were also highly recyclable through hot-pressing.
Article
Polymer Science
Longyu Tian, Min Wang, Guangming Liao, Baoliang Liu, Sujuan Zhang, Yucheng Sun, Zhen Meng, Jintao Zhang, Zaijun Lu
Summary: Two kinds of benzoxazine monomers were synthesized and used to prepare polybenzoxazine anion exchange membranes (AEMs) with quaternary ammonium functionalization. The LQPBZ AEM exhibited better ion conductivity and alkaline stability.
Article
Polymer Science
Claire A. Lemarchand
Summary: This study investigates the shock behavior of three different polymers through molecular dynamics simulations. The results reveal specificities in the shock behavior of polymers, including deviations from the linear relation between shock velocity and particle velocity, as well as differences in shear stress relaxation behind the shock front. It is found that the deviation of the Hugoniot locus is related to the change in the relative contribution of bonding and non-bonding potential energies, while polymers with higher glass transition temperatures exhibit slower shear stress relaxation.
Article
Polymer Science
Zengquan Liu, Xiaochun Yin, He Zhang, Shuo Gao, Qinglin Kuang, Yanhong Feng
Summary: A powder solid-state extension (PSSE) technology was proposed to address the high melt viscosity issue of UHMWPE. By uniaxial extension and sintering in the solid state, a highly self-reinforced material was prepared. X-ray diffraction and scattering techniques were used to study the structural evolution during the PSSE process, and a solid-phase induced transformation model was established.
Article
Polymer Science
Zhike Li, Anyu Luo, Rui Zhou, Xin Li, Haiyan Li
Summary: A novel high temperature resistance IL@SiO2 nanocapsules were successfully prepared and their friction and wear properties in PA6 composites were studied. The addition of IL@SiO2 nanocapsules reduced the friction coefficient and wear rate without affecting the mechanical properties of PA6. The synergy between the IL core and SiO2 wall in the nanocapsules improved the self-lubricating performance of the PA6 composites.
Article
Polymer Science
Xin Liu, Xuhong Guo, Qi Liao
Summary: In this study, an algorithm for accurately estimating viscosity is developed using molecular dynamics simulations and the Green-Kubo formula. This algorithm can be applied to complex systems with long correlations, such as macromolecular and biological simulation systems.
Article
Polymer Science
Hao Pu, Yun-Lei Hou, Jing -Zhou Chen, Dong -Lin Zhao
Summary: The use of modified graphene improves the interfacial adherence of carbon fibers to epoxy resin, resulting in enhanced interfacial and bending properties of CF and matrix in CF/EP composites, as well as increased interlaminar shear strength and flexural strength.
Article
Polymer Science
Wei-Chung Ke, Jin-Wei Lin, Manohar Reddy Busireddy, Yueh-Hsing Lee, Jiun-Tai Chen, Chain-Shu Hsu
Summary: This study introduces a crosslinkable monomer, TAIC, to synthesize three crosslinked polyimide films, which exhibit improved thermal, mechanical, and dielectric properties. The introduction of TAIC enhances the tensile strength, reduces the dielectric constant and dielectric loss, and decreases the coefficient of thermal expansion of the polyimide films.
Article
Polymer Science
Alex Kwasi Kumi, Ruiling Fan, Ye Chen, Yumei Zhang
Summary: The difference in leaching of amylopectin from cellulose/amylopectin/1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([Bmim][Cl]) blends during regeneration in water and aqueous ethanol has been studied. Molecular dynamics simulations showed that the dissolution and regeneration mechanisms of amylopectin in [Bmim][Cl] are similar to cellulose in ionic liquids. Water regeneration leads to weak electrostatic interactions, resulting in high leaching of amylopectin. In contrast, ethanol-water interactions enhance electrostatic interactions among amylopectin chains, limiting amylopectin leaching in aqueous ethanol.
Article
Polymer Science
Xi Zeng, Junwei Zhou, Junbiao Peng, Chunsheng Zhang, Danling Wang, Yihu Song, Qiang Zheng
Summary: This study utilizes an oligomer deep eutectic solvent (DES) based on polyethylene glycol to regulate the vulcanization kinetics of rubber. The results show that the DES can accelerate vulcanization at low temperatures without affecting the crosslinking density and Mullins effect.
Article
Polymer Science
Qianqian Yue, Yongfei Peng, Xingjian Liu, Aihua He, Huarong Nie
Summary: The addition of metal deactivators can effectively suppress the aging of TBIR, prolong its lifespan, and have no negative effects on its physical and processing properties. These research findings are of great importance for improving the stability and aging resistance of polymers.
Article
Polymer Science
J. Gomez-Caturla, J. Ivorra-Martinez, R. Tejada-Oliveros, V Moreno, D. Garcia-Garcia, R. Balart
Summary: This work focuses on the development of environmentally friendly PLA formulations by using different esters derived from geraniol as plasticizers. The results show that these esters have good compatibility with PLA, and they can effectively enhance the elongation and plasticity of PLA, reduce its glass transition temperature, and slightly improve its water absorption capabilities.
Article
Polymer Science
Dandan Li, Zhaohui Lu, Zhao Ke, Ke Xu, Fengna Dai, Youhai Yu, Guangtao Qian, Chunhai Chen
Summary: In this study, cross-linked PI aerogel membranes with low dielectric constant and high moisture resistance were prepared by co-polymerization and scraping coating technology. The incorporation of fluorinated blocks and benzimidazole ring structures resulted in novel PI aerogel membranes with fascinating dielectric properties and outstanding moisture resistance.
Article
Polymer Science
Zhaoyang Chu, Qing Zhang, Haihua Luo, Han Zhou, Fapei Zhang, Wei Chen, Wenhua Zhang
Summary: Multi-physical fields solution processing strategy is a universal and facile method for preparing various conjugated polymer films and high-performance devices. In this study, we employed a combined microfluidic flow and ultrasonication strategy (FU) for processing CP solutions, and found a pronounced synergetic effect in promoting the pre-ordering of chains in solution. The conformation order and anisotropy of the solution were revealed through various characterizations. A non-classical nucleation model for polymer crystallization in non-equilibrium solution processing was confirmed. The roles of microfluidic flow and ultrasonication in chain aggregation and crystallization were addressed through multi-physical simulations. Compared to pristine solutions, the FU strategy showed improved solution anisotropy and crystallization kinetics, resulting in higher crystallinity in films and increased mobilities in OFET devices. The FU processing strategy provides a universal approach for regulating chain conformation and aggregation in conjugated polymer solutions.
