Article
Polymer Science
Ya-Ling Tang, Guan-Qi Zheng, Yu-Xin Lin, Peng Lu, Hai -Bo Zhao, De -Ming Guo, Li Chen, Bo-Wen Liu, Yu-Zhong Wang
Summary: In this study, a novel flame-retardant system was demonstrated to fabricate high-performance and flame-retardant bio-based long-chain aliphatic polyamide. A reactive nitrogen-based flame-retardant monomer, PDB, was designed and synthesized to prepare the corresponding bio-based long-chain polyamide copolymer. The nitrogen-based groups exhibited highly efficient free-radical-capturing effect, resulting in improved flame retardancy and reduced toxicity.
POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Jiang Zhang, Wenbing Hu
Summary: Polyamides rely on specific hydrogen-bonding interactions for their crystallization, which have been found to play important roles in both thermodynamics and kinetics. Increasing the density and strength of hydrogen bonds accelerates the crystallization and growth of lamellar crystals. However, excessively strong hydrogen bonds can slow down the crystallization kinetics. Additionally, specific interactions have been found to have dominant roles in the hierarchical parallel packing of polymer chains.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Stephanie F. Marxsen, Manuel Haeussler, Stefan Mecking, Rufina G. Alamo
Summary: This study presents the phenomenon where rapid quenching of long-spaced aliphatic polyesters results in unlayered crystals, which transform into layered structures upon heating. The depth of quenching affects the crystal structure, with rapidly quenched polyesters developing unlayered crystals and shorter-spaced polyesters forming a mix of layered and unlayered crystals. The findings have important implications for applications requiring polyethylene-like materials with sustainable monomer sources and recyclability.
ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Polymer Science
Rene Sattler, Varun Danke, Mario Beiner
Summary: Crystallographic studies were conducted on a series of even-even polyamides PA10.n with different methylene sequence lengths (n - 2). The results showed that the preferred polymorph after slow cooling to room temperature was a triclinic alpha phase. The higher temperature phase gamma was observed in PA10.12 and PA10.14 between the Brill transition temperature T-B and melting point T-M, while a distinct Brill transition was absent in the higher members. The influence of temperature on the packing state of the stems during cooling was discussed, and the presence of external forces on the crystalline state achieved under ambient conditions was analyzed.
MACROMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Ramin Hosseinnezhad
Summary: This study investigates the shear-induced non-isothermal crystallization of two novel aliphatic-aromatic copolyesters, revealing the significant influence of shear conditions on crystallization initiation and growth, as well as the shift to higher crystallization temperatures due to the presence of cellulose nanofibers.
Article
Polymer Science
Cui Nie, Fan Peng, Ting-Yu Xu, Jun-Fang Sheng, Wei Chen, Liang-Bin Li
Summary: The research presents a unified thermodynamic model of flow-induced crystallization of polymer, which considers conformational entropy reduction, flow-induced chain orientation, interaction of ordered segments, and free energy contribution of crystal nucleus and morphology. It clarifies the determining parameters of critical crystal nucleus size and explains the acceleration of nucleation, emergence of precursor, and different crystal morphologies induced by flow.
CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Robin Coeck, Anthony De Bruyne, Thomas Borremans, Wouter Stuyck, Dirk E. De Vos
Summary: In this study, a heterogeneous catalytic system based on Nb2O5 was used to depolymerize industrial LCPA samples into α,ω-diamine monomers and oligomers. The catalytic system showed excellent robustness against various contaminants.
ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
H. Baniasadi, J. Seppala
Summary: A new kind of long-chain aliphatic polyamide (PA1218) was successfully developed through polycondensation and improved using modified silicon dioxide (SSD); FT-IR and TGA confirmed successful nanoparticle surface modification, leading to significantly enhanced mechanical properties in the nanocomposites; All samples demonstrated a water uptake capacity of less than 0.6%, making them suitable for specific engineering applications.
MATERIALS TODAY CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Polymer Science
Kenneth L. Kearns, Justin Scherzer, Marius Chyasnavichyus, Daria Monaenkova, Jonathan Moore, Robert L. Sammler, Tom Fielitz, David A. Nicholson, Marat Andreev, Gregory C. Rutledge
Summary: The article describes a new methodology to measure the crystallization kinetics of polyethylene after processing, utilizing an understanding of self-nucleation and melt memory behavior along with thermal contact fluids with low kinematic viscosity. This approach allows for multiple melting cycles without significantly altering the crystallization kinetics, and shows a fourfold increase in isothermal kinetics for LLDPE samples prepared at high shearing rates.
Article
Polymer Science
Muhammad Kamran, Matthew G. Davidson, Vasilios Tsanaktsis, Stefan Van Berkel, Sicco De Vos
Summary: A series of semi-aromatic polyamides based on a renewable monomer FDCA were synthesized using an environmentally friendly melt polycondensation technique. The newly synthesized furan-based polyamides showed high molecular weights, high glass transition temperatures, and comparable thermal stabilities to petroleum-based counterparts. Various analytical techniques were used to study the structure and properties of these polyamides.
EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Polymer Science
Stephanie F. Marxsen, Manuel Haeussler, Marcel Eck, Stefan Mecking, Rufina G. Alamo
Summary: In this study, the isothermal overall crystallization rates and linear growth rates of four symmetric long-spaced aliphatic polyesters were investigated. It was found that the polyesters exhibited discrete rate minima with increasing crystallization temperature, and the number and depth of these minima depended on the length of the methylene spacer between esters. The occurrence of rate minima could be explained by the self-poisoning feature and the difference in crystal thickness between non-integer and integer layered crystals.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Xiuming Liu, Yawei Qin, Songmei Zhao, Jin-Yong Dong
Summary: This paper introduced a in situ method for incorporating LCB structure into PE synthesized by Ziegler-Natta catalysts. By controlling the concentration of the bifunctional reagent during copolymerization, gel-free LCB-PEs with controlled amounts of LCB structure were successfully synthesized, showing improved extensional flow properties. Moreover, LCB-PEs demonstrated increased crystallization rates and crystallinities when compared to linear plain PE.
ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Maximilian Lederer, Sukhrob Abdulazhanov, Ricardo Olivo, David Lehninger, Thomas Kaempfe, Konrad Seidel, Lukas M. Eng
Summary: An alternative method for inducing ferroelectricity in amorphous or semi-crystalline hafnium zirconium oxide films is presented, utilizing the newly discovered effect of electric field-induced crystallization in hafnium oxide films. This method achieves outstanding remanent polarization value and features controlled crystallization, excellent endurance and long-term retention.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Maxwell Block, Yimu Bao, Soonwon Choi, Ehud Altman, Norman Y. Yao
Summary: The presence of long-range power-law interactions fundamentally alters the nature of the transition between scrambling unitary evolution and projective measurements in the dynamics of quantum entanglement. For sufficiently weak power laws, the transition induced by measurements is described by conformal field theory, similar to short-range-interacting hybrid circuits. However, beyond a critical power law, long-range interactions result in a continuum of nonconformal universality classes with continuously varying critical exponents. The phase diagram for a one-dimensional, long-range-interacting hybrid circuit model is numerically determined as a function of the power-law exponent and the measurement rate. Furthermore, a theoretical understanding for the critical power law is provided by using an analytic mapping to a long-range quantum Ising model.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Characterization & Testing
Juliana Amirdine, Thouaiba Htira, Nicolas Lefevre, Rene Fulchiron, Nathalie Mathieu, Matthieu Zinet, Christophe Sinturel, Teodor Burghelea, Nicolas Boyard
Summary: A systematic experimental investigation of the coupling between the extensional flow and the crystallization of commercial grade polypropylene was conducted. It was found that extension induced crystallization showed a three fold increase in kinetics compared to shear induced crystallization. Post mortem analysis of crystalline morphology was carried out using small angle X ray scattering (SAXS) and wide angle X ray scattering (WAXS).
Article
Polymer Science
Jianming Shao, Xia Dong, Dujin Wang
Summary: In this work, a multiblock polyurethane (PU-Im) with imidazole dangling groups is demonstrated, which can coordinate with Ni2+ to form PU-Im-Ni complexes. By controlling the ligand content and metal-ligand stoichiometry ratio, PU-Im-Ni complexes with different mechanical behavior can be obtained. These complexes show excellent mechanical performance, thermal/aquatic self-healing ability, and unique damping properties, making them potential candidates for self-healing engineering plastic and cushion protection fields.
MACROMOLECULAR RAPID COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Bo Yang, Hui Zhao, Chunbo Zhang, Xiuqin Zhang, Xia Dong, Guoming Liu, Dujin Wang
Summary: The interplay between crosslinks and crystals in Eucommia ulmoides gum (EUG) was investigated in this study. It was found that crosslinks inhibit the crystallization of EUG, leading to a decrease in melting/crystallization temperature, crystallinity, modulus, and yield stress. The vulcanized EUG can gradually crystallize during annealing at room temperature, demonstrating a nonequilibrated state and slow crystallization kinetics.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Weijian Lu, Ping Zhu, Ying Zhao, Dujin Wang, Xia Dong
Summary: By incorporating isophoronediamine (IPDA), an alicyclic diamine monomer with asymmetric structure and steric hindrance, into the backbone of poly(ether-b-amide) multiblock copolymer, the mechanical properties and segmental mobility of copolymers can be modulated on a large scale. The resulting self-healing polyamide elastomers exhibited extraordinary tensile strength, excellent elongation at break, and record-high toughness due to the synergism between dynamic H-bonding networks and polymer chain diffusion. These copolymers showed great potential in protective coatings and soft electronics due to their adjustable mechanical performance, rapid scratch self-healing ability, and superior impact resistance.
CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yunrui Long, Haochen Li, Rongbo Li, Xiaolei Guo, Zefan Wang, Xia Dong, Ping Zhu, Qian Xing
Summary: The phase morphology, crystallization behavior, and mechanical properties of PLA modified by PAE were investigated. PAE was found to be uniformly dispersed in the PLA matrix, forming a sea-island morphology. The addition of PAE promoted the crystallization of PLA and improved its elongation at break and impact strength. The sample with 20 wt% PAE showed the best rigidity-toughness balance and ductile failure, and the toughening mechanism was proposed based on the deformation of the impact fracture surfaces.
COLLOID AND POLYMER SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Ming Wang, Jing Li, Chunbo Zhang, Guoming Liu, Simone Napolitano, Dujin Wang
Summary: We studied the glassy dynamics of polystyrene confined in anodic aluminum oxide nanopores. The cooling rate of the confined PS melt affected both the glass transition and the structural relaxation in the glassy state. Quenched samples showed a single glass transition temperature, while slow-cooled samples exhibited two transitions due to a core-shell structure. The apparent aging rate showed a non-monotonic trend, with quenched samples showing a higher rate in larger pores and a decrease in smaller pores, while slow-cooled samples allowed for the manipulation of aging kinetics.
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Shunxin Qi, Xia Gao, Yunlan Su, Guoming Liu, Ying Lu, Yong Zhou, Xia Dong, Dujin Wang
Summary: The crystalline structures and their spatial distributions of polyamide 12 (PA12) parts processed by material extrusion additive manufacturing (MEAM) were studied using microfocus wide-angle X-ray scattering combined with transmission electron microscopy. Two types of gradient structures were observed in the PA12 parts. One was found in the topmost layer, where the total crystallinity dropped gradually from the free surface to the core region, and the coexistence of alpha and gamma crystals was observed. The other gradient structure was related to the distance from the deposited layer to the platform, with the bottom layer having higher crystallinity than the top layer.
ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Chenxu Zhou, Ping Zhu, Yu Wang, Qian Xing, Wen Tao, Xia Dong, Dujin Wang
Summary: The relaxation spectra of Long Chain Polyamides (LCPAs) were investigated using multiple testing methods, revealing the dynamic relaxation behaviors from macro- to micro-scale. The influences of zero-shear viscosity and hydrogen bond density on relaxation dynamics, crystallization behavior, and mechanical properties were systematically quantified.
MATERIALS TODAY COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Yuwen Wang, Rongbo Li, Yunrui Long, Haochen Li, Xia Dong, Qian Xing
Summary: The effect of styrene-glycidyl acrylate copolymer Joncryl ADR4368 (ADR) as a compatibilizer in immiscible blends of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(e-caprolactone) (PCL) was studied. The morphology, crystallization behavior, and mechanical properties were investigated. The addition of ADR improved the compatibility of PLA and PCL by reducing the size of PCL domains and delaying the cold crystallization ability of PLA. PLA/PCL/ADR obtained a more uniform microcrystalline dispersion during cooling and showed improved elongation at break and impact strength compared to PLA/PCL blends.
POLYMER-PLASTICS TECHNOLOGY AND MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Yang Liu, Li Peng, Jielong Lin, Yong Zhou, Dujin Wang, Charles C. Han, Nanbiao Ye, Xianbo Huang, Xia Dong
Summary: The mechanism of regulating hydrogen bond organization for polyamide 6,6 (PA 6,6) by nigrosine was investigated using temperature-dependent FTIR and in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction. The study confirmed the intermolecular interaction between amide groups and nigrosine. Nigrosine promoted the formation of H-bonds in the initial stage of cooling, but hindered it at lower temperatures. The retardation effects on crystallization improved the flowability of PA 6,6 for high-speed injection molding applications.
ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Yi-Lang Qin, Ping Zhu, Chen-Xi Ouyang, Xia Dong
Summary: This study investigates the effect of the chemical structure of chain extenders on the hydrogen bonding and mechanical properties of PCUs by synthesizing PCUs with different types of chain extenders. The results show that even minor differences in the chain extender's chemical structure can result in significant variations in phase separation, condensed morphologies, thermal and mechanical properties. The symmetry of the chain extender improves the ordering of the hydrogen bonding, and the coherence strength of the urethane/urea group also plays a key role in the polymer's properties.
CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Bo Yang, Chunbo Zhang, Hui Zhao, Wenxian Hu, Guoming Liu, Dujin Wang
Summary: This study investigates the effects of crosslinking and strain rates on the crystal transition of trans-1,4-polyisoprene (TPI), a typical polymorphic polymer. The results show that crosslinking does not change the crystalline morphology but decreases the melting temperature and yield stress of the alpha-TPI crystal. Moreover, the content of beta crystal (X-beta) increases with strain in the strain-hardening region and is lower in samples with higher radiation dose. Additionally, the X-beta of the crosslinked sample exhibits a non-monotonic variation with increasing strain rate. A parallel mechanical model is proposed to explain the experimental observations.
MACROMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Yilong Liao, Ricardo A. Perez-Camargo, Haritz Sardon, Antxon Martinez de Ilarduya, Wenxian Hu, Guoming Liu, Dujin Wang, Alejandro J. Muller
Summary: In this study, poly(hexamethylene-ran-octamethylene carbonate) copolycarbonates were synthesized and found to exhibit higher crystallinities than the parent components. A new crystalline phase different from the homopolymers was also discovered. Through experimental and structural characterization, the unique thermal behavior of the copolymers was confirmed. This finding challenges the concept of isodimorphism.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Xiansheng Zhang, Hongwei Yan, Chongzhi Xu, Xia Dong, Yu Wang, Aiping Fu, Hao Li, Jin Yong Lee, Sheng Zhang, Jiahua Ni, Min Gao, Jing Wang, Jinpeng Yu, Shuzhi Sam Ge, Ming Liang Jin, Lili Wang, Yanzhi Xia
Summary: A facile strategy using total amorphization of polymer is proposed to achieve multi-functionality of cryogels. The cryogels exhibit tissue-like ultrasoftness, stretchability, high transparency, self-adhesion, and instantaneous self-healing, along with superior ionic-conductivity, antifreezing, and water-retention abilities. This paves the way for the development of skin-like cryogel electronics.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tianbo Zhou, Guoming Liu, Ming Wang, Yi Liu, Liuchun Zheng
Summary: PDMS-modified poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) was successfully synthesized, resulting in high-performance and functional PBS-b-PDMS copolymers. The copolymers exhibited excellent combined properties, thermal properties, and impact strength, as well as good antismudge, self-cleaning, and solvent resistance.
Article
Polymer Science
Yang Liu, Li Peng, Jie-Long Lin, Yong Zhou, Du-Jin Wang, Charles C. Han, Xian-Bo Huang, Xia Dong
Summary: The crystallization behavior of polyamide 6,6 (PA66) under complex flow field was studied with the addition of poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) as a crystallization modifying agent. The regulation of hydrogen bonds interaction by PVP was investigated, and the microstructure evolution under external injection field was revealed. The changes in crystallization and microstructure during processing led to improved processability without sacrificing mechanical properties.
CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Yuanzhang Jiang, Xuyi Wang, Yanting Han, Dakai Gong, Yingchun Gu, Lin Tan
Summary: In this study, FeCl3 and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) were doped into waterborne polyurethanes (WPUs) to create multifunctional materials with self-healing and antimicrobial properties. WPU/Fe/PAA-5.5, containing 5.5 wt % PAA, exhibited excellent mechanical properties, strong self-healing capabilities, and an impressive antimicrobial rate of over 90%. These supramolecular films were also highly recyclable through hot-pressing.
Article
Polymer Science
Longyu Tian, Min Wang, Guangming Liao, Baoliang Liu, Sujuan Zhang, Yucheng Sun, Zhen Meng, Jintao Zhang, Zaijun Lu
Summary: Two kinds of benzoxazine monomers were synthesized and used to prepare polybenzoxazine anion exchange membranes (AEMs) with quaternary ammonium functionalization. The LQPBZ AEM exhibited better ion conductivity and alkaline stability.
Article
Polymer Science
Claire A. Lemarchand
Summary: This study investigates the shock behavior of three different polymers through molecular dynamics simulations. The results reveal specificities in the shock behavior of polymers, including deviations from the linear relation between shock velocity and particle velocity, as well as differences in shear stress relaxation behind the shock front. It is found that the deviation of the Hugoniot locus is related to the change in the relative contribution of bonding and non-bonding potential energies, while polymers with higher glass transition temperatures exhibit slower shear stress relaxation.
Article
Polymer Science
Zengquan Liu, Xiaochun Yin, He Zhang, Shuo Gao, Qinglin Kuang, Yanhong Feng
Summary: A powder solid-state extension (PSSE) technology was proposed to address the high melt viscosity issue of UHMWPE. By uniaxial extension and sintering in the solid state, a highly self-reinforced material was prepared. X-ray diffraction and scattering techniques were used to study the structural evolution during the PSSE process, and a solid-phase induced transformation model was established.
Article
Polymer Science
Zhike Li, Anyu Luo, Rui Zhou, Xin Li, Haiyan Li
Summary: A novel high temperature resistance IL@SiO2 nanocapsules were successfully prepared and their friction and wear properties in PA6 composites were studied. The addition of IL@SiO2 nanocapsules reduced the friction coefficient and wear rate without affecting the mechanical properties of PA6. The synergy between the IL core and SiO2 wall in the nanocapsules improved the self-lubricating performance of the PA6 composites.
Article
Polymer Science
Xin Liu, Xuhong Guo, Qi Liao
Summary: In this study, an algorithm for accurately estimating viscosity is developed using molecular dynamics simulations and the Green-Kubo formula. This algorithm can be applied to complex systems with long correlations, such as macromolecular and biological simulation systems.
Article
Polymer Science
Hao Pu, Yun-Lei Hou, Jing -Zhou Chen, Dong -Lin Zhao
Summary: The use of modified graphene improves the interfacial adherence of carbon fibers to epoxy resin, resulting in enhanced interfacial and bending properties of CF and matrix in CF/EP composites, as well as increased interlaminar shear strength and flexural strength.
Article
Polymer Science
Wei-Chung Ke, Jin-Wei Lin, Manohar Reddy Busireddy, Yueh-Hsing Lee, Jiun-Tai Chen, Chain-Shu Hsu
Summary: This study introduces a crosslinkable monomer, TAIC, to synthesize three crosslinked polyimide films, which exhibit improved thermal, mechanical, and dielectric properties. The introduction of TAIC enhances the tensile strength, reduces the dielectric constant and dielectric loss, and decreases the coefficient of thermal expansion of the polyimide films.
Article
Polymer Science
Alex Kwasi Kumi, Ruiling Fan, Ye Chen, Yumei Zhang
Summary: The difference in leaching of amylopectin from cellulose/amylopectin/1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([Bmim][Cl]) blends during regeneration in water and aqueous ethanol has been studied. Molecular dynamics simulations showed that the dissolution and regeneration mechanisms of amylopectin in [Bmim][Cl] are similar to cellulose in ionic liquids. Water regeneration leads to weak electrostatic interactions, resulting in high leaching of amylopectin. In contrast, ethanol-water interactions enhance electrostatic interactions among amylopectin chains, limiting amylopectin leaching in aqueous ethanol.
Article
Polymer Science
Xi Zeng, Junwei Zhou, Junbiao Peng, Chunsheng Zhang, Danling Wang, Yihu Song, Qiang Zheng
Summary: This study utilizes an oligomer deep eutectic solvent (DES) based on polyethylene glycol to regulate the vulcanization kinetics of rubber. The results show that the DES can accelerate vulcanization at low temperatures without affecting the crosslinking density and Mullins effect.
Article
Polymer Science
Qianqian Yue, Yongfei Peng, Xingjian Liu, Aihua He, Huarong Nie
Summary: The addition of metal deactivators can effectively suppress the aging of TBIR, prolong its lifespan, and have no negative effects on its physical and processing properties. These research findings are of great importance for improving the stability and aging resistance of polymers.
Article
Polymer Science
J. Gomez-Caturla, J. Ivorra-Martinez, R. Tejada-Oliveros, V Moreno, D. Garcia-Garcia, R. Balart
Summary: This work focuses on the development of environmentally friendly PLA formulations by using different esters derived from geraniol as plasticizers. The results show that these esters have good compatibility with PLA, and they can effectively enhance the elongation and plasticity of PLA, reduce its glass transition temperature, and slightly improve its water absorption capabilities.
Article
Polymer Science
Dandan Li, Zhaohui Lu, Zhao Ke, Ke Xu, Fengna Dai, Youhai Yu, Guangtao Qian, Chunhai Chen
Summary: In this study, cross-linked PI aerogel membranes with low dielectric constant and high moisture resistance were prepared by co-polymerization and scraping coating technology. The incorporation of fluorinated blocks and benzimidazole ring structures resulted in novel PI aerogel membranes with fascinating dielectric properties and outstanding moisture resistance.
Article
Polymer Science
Zhaoyang Chu, Qing Zhang, Haihua Luo, Han Zhou, Fapei Zhang, Wei Chen, Wenhua Zhang
Summary: Multi-physical fields solution processing strategy is a universal and facile method for preparing various conjugated polymer films and high-performance devices. In this study, we employed a combined microfluidic flow and ultrasonication strategy (FU) for processing CP solutions, and found a pronounced synergetic effect in promoting the pre-ordering of chains in solution. The conformation order and anisotropy of the solution were revealed through various characterizations. A non-classical nucleation model for polymer crystallization in non-equilibrium solution processing was confirmed. The roles of microfluidic flow and ultrasonication in chain aggregation and crystallization were addressed through multi-physical simulations. Compared to pristine solutions, the FU strategy showed improved solution anisotropy and crystallization kinetics, resulting in higher crystallinity in films and increased mobilities in OFET devices. The FU processing strategy provides a universal approach for regulating chain conformation and aggregation in conjugated polymer solutions.
