Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Claudio Meringolo, Alejandro Cruz-Osorio, Luciano Rezzolla, Sergio Servidio
Summary: This study investigates the microphysical properties of astrophysical plasmas near accreting compact objects through two-dimensional kinetic particle-in-cell simulations of special-relativistic turbulence. The analysis includes the index of electron energy distributions kappa, the efficiency of nonthermal particle production epsilon, and the temperature ratio Te/Tp, and provides fitting functions that describe their behavior in different parameter spaces.
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
David H. Richter, Charlotte E. Wainwright
Summary: The exchange of enthalpy and momentum at the air-sea interface plays a crucial role in tropical cyclone (TC) development and intensification. The impact of sea spray, particularly at high wind speeds, has been uncertain. In this study, we conducted high-resolution simulations of a spray-laden TC boundary layer using a coupled large-eddy simulation and Lagrangian cloud model. Our results show that spray droplets have no effect on C-D at wind speeds up to 48 m/s. C-E and C-H are modified initially but quickly relax back to their unladen values due to surface layer saturation, with faster relaxation at higher wind speeds.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Emily B. Franklin, Michael R. Alves, Alexia N. Moore, Delaney B. Kilgour, Gordon A. Novak, Kathryn Mayer, Jonathan S. Sauer, Robert J. Weber, Duyen Dang, Margaux Winter, Christopher Lee, Christopher D. Cappa, Timothy H. Bertram, Kimberly A. Prather, Vicki H. Grassian, Allen H. Goldstein
Summary: Researchers found that benzothiazoles in coastal waters are primarily from anthropogenic sources, and the oxidation of gas-phase benzothiazole can lead to the formation of secondary aerosols in the atmosphere, potentially contributing to the formation of secondary marine aerosols in coastal regions.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
A. Berny, S. Popinet, T. Seon, L. Deike
Summary: Based on high fidelity numerical simulations and experimental validation, it is found that the production of jet drops from bursting bubbles is influenced by factors such as bubble size and visco-capillary length. The number and size of the jet drops depend on bubble characteristics, with consideration for temperature variations.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Nadine Steiger, Elin Darelius, Anna K. Wahlin, Karen M. Assmann
Summary: The study reveals that Winter Water deepening intermittently disrupts the flow of warm water toward the western Getz Ice Shelf along the Siple Trough in West Antarctica, reducing heat transport by 25%. These 5-10 days-long events are influenced by strong easterly winds and polynya opening, but controlled by non-local coastal Ekman downwelling. During the events, the flow at depth aligns with the ice front rather than continuing into the ice shelf cavity along isobaths.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Oceanography
Nyla T. Husain, Tetsu Hara, Peter P. Sullivan
Summary: Air-sea momentum and scalar fluxes are strongly influenced by the coupling dynamics between turbulent winds and waves. This study investigates the impacts of opposing wind on mean wind profile, drag coefficient, and wave growth/decay rates using large-eddy simulation. The findings show that waves opposing wind increase surface friction more drastically than waves following wind.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY
(2022)
Article
Oceanography
Nyla T. Husain, Tetsu Hara, Peter P. Sullivan
Summary: The coupled dynamics of turbulent airflow and waves traveling at oblique angles to the wind have significant impacts on wind speed, drag coefficient, and wave growth/decay rate. These findings have implications for parameterizing sea-state-dependent drag coefficient in forecast models.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY
(2022)
Article
Marine & Freshwater Biology
Siyu Liu, Shidong Liu, Guangxue Li, Shaotong Zhang, Jishang Xu, Lei Zhang, Lvyang Xing, Minzuo Liu, Jiaxuan Sun
Summary: The Bohai Sea experiences wintertime sea ice development and high levels of human economic activity, with sea ice having destructive effects on maritime transportation and ocean engineering. Sea ice coverage suppresses significant wave height (Hs) and residual water level (RWL), as well as sediment resuspension due to reduced wave induced shear stress. Sea ice also influences residual current (RC) velocity, with variations in destruction periods impacting coastal engineering projects. The effects of sea ice on local hydrodynamics and sediments are closely related to wind speed and direction, providing valuable reference values for sea ice formation and disappearance in mid- and high-latitude bays amid global climate change.
ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Marine
Omneya Ibrahim, Bayoumy Mohamed, Hazem Nagy
Summary: Due to climate warming, marine heatwaves in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea are increasing in frequency and intensity, leading to significant impacts on marine ecosystems, with close connections to meteorological factors.
JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jonathan Trueblood, Alessia Nicosia, Anja Engel, Birthe Zancker, Matteo Rinaldi, Evelyn Freney, Melilotus Thyssen, Ingrid Obernosterer, Julie Dinasquet, Franco Belosi, Antonio Tovar-Sanchez, Araceli Rodriguez-Romero, Gianni Santachiara, Cecile Guieu, Karine Sellegri
Summary: INPs have a significant impact on cloud properties over oceans. Recent studies show that marine INPs come from two classes of organic matter in SSAs, yet current parameterizations may mask specific trends. This paper proposes a new parameterization based on field study results to better understand the connection between ocean biology and marine INP abundance.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Egor V. Yakovlev, Nikita P. Kryuchkov, Sofia A. Korsakova, Nikita A. Dmitryuk, Pavel V. Ovcharov, Mihail M. Andronic, Ilya A. Rodionov, Andrei V. Sapelkin, Stanislav O. Yurchenko
Summary: Many-body forces play a crucial role in the structure and dynamics of matter, but their understanding is limited by experimental challenges. A novel experimental system based on rotating electric fields allows precise control over many-body interactions between colloidal silica particles, revealing the critical influence of three-body interactions on phase diagram boundaries and the reversibility of phase transitions controlled by the external electric field magnitude.
JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Engineering, Marine
Sushmit Dhar, Hassan Abbas Khawaja
Summary: Developing an accurate model for marine icing phenomenon is challenging due to multiple variables and uncertain factors. The LiDAR technique, with its high spatial and temporal resolution, presents potential for real-time measurement and analysis of sea spray in this study.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Mitchell V. Santander, Francesca Malfatti, Matthew A. Pendergraft, Clare Morris, Ke'La Kimble, Brock A. Mitts, Xiaofei Wang, Kathryn J. Mayer, Jon Sauer, Christopher Lee, Kimberly A. Prather
Summary: Humic-like substances (HULIS) are ubiquitous in various environmental reservoirs, but little is known about their transfer from the ocean to the atmosphere and their impact on aerosols. In this study, we found that bacterial enzymatic activity on phytoplankton-derived organic matter plays a critical role in controlling the size, production, and chemical composition of HULIS. These changes in HULIS composition induced by bacteria enhance its transfer to sea spray aerosols (SSA) and contribute to the accumulation of HULIS in seawater. Our results highlight the importance of bacterial processes in shaping the composition of HULIS and its role in atmospheric processes.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Mitchell V. Santander, Francesca Malfatti, Matthew A. Pendergraft, Clare Morris, Ke'La Kimble, Brock A. Mitts, Xiaofei Wang, Kathryn J. Mayer, Jon Sauer, Christopher Lee, Kimberly A. Prather
Summary: Humic-like substances (HULIS) can be transferred from the ocean to the atmosphere in the form of sea spray aerosols (SSA), and marine bacteria enzymatic activity can alter the chemical composition of HULIS, affecting its transferability to the air. Associations between ocean enzyme activities, HULIS chemistry, and the relative abundance of HULIS in SSA are found. This study provides insight into the complex role marine biology plays in affecting SSA composition, which controls marine clouds and climate.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Sirui Lv, Wenming Lin, Zhixiong Wang, Juhong Zou
Summary: The launch of the Haiyang-2 (HY-2) satellite constellation enables quick acquisition of global sea surface vector winds using remote sensing. This study aims to develop accurate and gap-free ocean wind forcing products by blending microwave scatterometer data from HY-2 satellites with European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) reanalysis winds. The blended wind product shows promising quality and can be used to drive global ocean models or describe air-sea interaction processes on a scale close to scatterometer measurements.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Joshua B. Wadler, Jun A. Zhang, Robert F. Rogers, Benjamin Jaimes, Lynn K. Shay
Summary: This study explores the spatial and temporal variation in multiscale structures during the rapid intensification of Hurricane Michael (2018) using a coupled atmospheric-oceanic dataset. It highlights the importance of ocean structure in the storm's intensification and its interaction with an oceanic eddy field, as well as the impact of vertical shear on Michael's secondary circulation and distribution of entropy. The study underscores the importance of measuring atmospheric and oceanographic parameters simultaneously to understand tropical cyclone structure during rapid intensification.
MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Jian Huang, Zhongshui Zou, Qingcun Zeng, Peiliang Li, Jinbao Song, Lin Wu, Jun A. Zhang, Shuiqing Li, Pak-Wai Chan
Summary: The study investigates the turbulent structure within the marine atmospheric boundary layer based on four levels of observations at a fixed marine platform. Different behaviors of velocity variances are observed under cold front and swell conditions, confirming the attached eddy model and the top-down model of turbulence over the ocean surface. The results reveal a significant difference in the quadrant analysis of momentum flux for the two conditions.
JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Sundararaman Gopalakrishnan, Andrew Hazelton, Jun A. Zhang
Summary: This study investigates why different planetary boundary layer parameterization schemes applied to hurricane models produce diverse forecasts of structure and intensity change. Model output from NOAAs next-generation, FV3-based Hurricane Analysis and Forecast System, along with a wealth of observations from previous Hurricane Field Programs conducted by NOAA, were analyzed. Results show that uncertainty related to key variables used in the definition of eddy diffusivity leads to diverse solutions in model forecasts, but two diverse parameterization schemes can converge to a similar forecast state when key variables are adjusted based on observations.
EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Nuo Chen, Jie Tang, Jun A. Zhang, Lei-Ming Ma, Hui Yu
Summary: This study analyzes GPS dropsonde data to investigate the boundary layer structure in tropical cyclones, focusing on helicity distribution. A helicity-based method for boundary layer height is developed and compared to other height scales, showing that the boundary layer height defined by helicity is closest to the height of the maximum tangential wind speed. Radial variations of boundary layer heights are confirmed, and kinematic height scales generally decrease with storm intensity.
ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Xiaomin Chen, Jian-Feng Gu, Jun A. Zhang, Frank D. Marks, Robert F. Rogers, Joseph J. Cione
Summary: This study found that in tropical cyclones experiencing vertical wind shear, precipitation symmetrization is maintained by the continuous development of deep convection. Boundary layer recovery is more efficient for warmer sea surface temperatures, with buoyancy acceleration playing a predominant role in convective development. In contrast, cooler sea surface temperatures result in weaker convective development.
JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Ricardo Domingues, Matthieu Le Henaff, George Halliwell, Jun A. Zhang, Francis Bringas, Patricia Chardon, Hyun-Sook Kim, Julio Morell, Gustavo Goni
Summary: The major Atlantic hurricanes of 2017, Irma, Jose, and Maria, peaked in September while traveling over the tropical North Atlantic Ocean and Caribbean Sea due to favorable atmospheric and ocean conditions. Research showed that accurate representation of sea surface temperatures, upper-ocean heat content, and low-salinity barrier layers in these regions can improve the simulation of hurricane intensity. Model experiments demonstrated that assimilation of ocean observations, especially underwater glider observations, can lead to more realistic simulations of hurricane intensity.
MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Jonathan Zawislak, Robert F. Rogers, Sim D. Aberson, Ghassan J. Alaka, George R. Alvey, Altug Aksoy, Lisa Bucci, Joseph Cione, Neal Dorst, Jason Dunion, Michael Fischer, John Gamache, Sundararaman Gopalakrishnan, Andrew Hazelton, Heather M. Holbach, John Kaplan, Hua Leighton, Frank Marks, Shirley T. Murillo, Paul Reasor, Kelly Ryan, Kathryn Sellwood, Jason A. Sippel, Jun A. Zhang
Summary: Since 2005, NOAA has conducted the annual Intensity Forecasting Experiment (IFEX) to improve tropical cyclone forecasts by analyzing observations from aircraft, evaluating forecast models, and developing new observing strategies. This article highlights recent contributions of IFEX and lays the foundation for the next generation of the program.
BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jie Tang, Jun A. Zhang, Pakwai Chan, Kaikwong Hon, Xiaotu Lei, Yuan Wang
Summary: The study analyzes aircraft-collected data during Typhoon Kalmaegi (1415) and Typhoon Nida (1604) to confirm the existence of sub-kilometer-scale rolls in the atmospheric boundary layer of tropical cyclones. The presence of these rolls in the outer-core region is determined to significantly modulate turbulent transfer. Flight legs with rolls were found to have an averaged momentum flux 2.5 times higher than legs without rolls, suggesting a significant impact on turbulent fluxes in the tropical cyclone boundary layer.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Guosheng Zhang, Xiaofeng Li, William Perrie, Jun A. Zhang
Summary: A morphological model for Tropical Cyclone (TC) wind and inflow angle asymmetry based on sea surface wind fields derived from spaceborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images is developed and validated in this study. The model demonstrates reliable reconstruction of the entire TC structure and can capture the main asymmetrical TC structure.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Chong Wang, Gang Zheng, Xiaofeng Li, Qing Xu, Bin Liu, Jun Zhang
Summary: In this study, a set of deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) were designed to estimate the intensity of tropical cyclones (TCs) over the Northwest Pacific Ocean from satellite data. The study showed that the selection of different infrared (IR) channels had a significant impact on the performance of the TC intensity estimate. The CNN models demonstrated good accuracy and stability in estimating TC intensity.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Joshua B. Wadler, Joseph J. Cione, Jun A. Zhang, Evan A. Kalina, John Kaplan
Summary: This study investigates the relationship between deep-layer environmental wind shear direction and tropical cyclone boundary layer thermodynamic structures. The results show that when the wind comes from the south, there is a significant asymmetry in temperature and moisture distribution in the tropical cyclone boundary layer, while when the wind comes from the north, the temperature and moisture distribution is more uniform. Furthermore, the study finds that tropical cyclones in the Atlantic Ocean basin tend to intensify in northward wind shear environments and weaken in southward wind shear environments.
MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW
(2022)
Article
Oceanography
Travis Miles, Dongxiao Zhang, Gregory Foltz, Jun Zhang, Christian Meinig, Francis Bringas, Joaquin Trinanes, Matthieu Le Henaff, Maria Aristizabal Vargas, Sam Coakley, Catherine Edwards, Donglai Gong, Robert Todd, Matthew Oliver, Douglas Wilson, Kerri Whilden, Barbara Kirkpatrick, Patricia Chardon-Maldonado, Julio Morell, Debra Hernandez, Gerhard Kuska, Cheyenne Stienbarger, Kathleen Bailey, Chidong Zhang, Scott Glenn, Gustavo Goni
Summary: Hurricanes have caused significant damages and human casualties, especially in regions without effective early warning systems and with high population density near sea level. Efforts to improve hurricane forecasting and understand the complex interactions driving storm intensity are crucial in mitigating the increasing impacts of tropical cyclones in the face of climate change and coastal urbanization.
Article
Oceanography
Changlong Liu, Xinyu Li, Jinbao Song, Zhongshui Zou, Jian Huang, Jun A. Zhang, Ganxin Jie, Jun Wang
Summary: The deviation of the mean wind profile from Monin-Obukhov similarity theory (MOST) within the wave boundary layer (WBL) is investigated in this study. The results show that the mean wind profile follows MOST under wind-sea conditions, but pronounced swell-related peaks appear under swell conditions.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Xin Li, Zhaoxia Pu, Jun A. Zhang, George David Emmitt
Summary: This study examines the impact of assimilating DWL winds and TDR radial winds on the prediction of Hurricane Earl (2016) and finds that DWL data has a positive impact on hurricane analysis and prediction, particularly providing better forecasts of hurricane track and intensity.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Biao Zhang, Ziqiang Zhu, William Perrie, Jie Tang, Jun A. Zhang
Summary: A simple method using radiometer and SAR wind field data to estimate tropical cyclone wind structure and intensity has been presented. The method shows high accuracy and reliability compared to best-track estimates, providing effective measurements for wind radii and intensity parameters.
IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATIONS AND REMOTE SENSING
(2021)