Article
Environmental Sciences
Konstantina Nakoudi, Christoph Ritter, Iwona S. Stachlewska
Summary: This study explores the long-term properties of cirrus clouds for the first time over an Arctic site, finding that cirrus clouds are generally associated with colder and calmer wind conditions, but their properties do not strongly depend on temperature and wind speed, with wintertime cirrus appearing thicker and with more spherical ice particles. The majority of cirrus at the Arctic site are associated with westerly flow and tend to be optically thicker and consist of more spherical ice particles compared to lower latitudes.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Chia Rui Ong, Makoto Koike, Tempei Hashino, Hiroaki Miura
Summary: This study implements the AMPS into the SCALE large-eddy simulation model and investigates the feedback processes of Arctic mixed-phase clouds through ice habits. The study reveals that reductions in liquid water path (LWP) due to weaker cloud top radiative cooling lead to changes in ice habits and the aspect ratios of precipitating particles. The findings highlight the importance of ice particle habits in cloud microphysical processes.
JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MODELING EARTH SYSTEMS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mario Mech, Andre Ehrlich, Andreas Herber, Christof Luepkes, Manfred Wendisch, Sebastian Becker, Yvonne Boose, Dmitry Chechin, Susanne Crewell, Regis Dupuy, Christophe Gourbeyre, Joerg Hartmann, Evelyn Jaekel, Olivier Jourdan, Leif-Leonard Kliesch, Marcus Klingebiel, Birte Solveig Kulla, Guillaume Mioche, Manuel Moser, Nils Risse, Elena Ruiz-Donoso, Michael Schaefer, Johannes Stapf, Christiane Voigt
Summary: Two airborne field campaigns were conducted to observe Arctic mixed-phase clouds and boundary layer processes. These comprehensive datasets are valuable for studying Arctic clouds, boundary layer processes, and satellite validation.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yinghui Liu
Summary: By quantifying the limitations in cloud detection, this study reveals the significant impact of cloud detection uncertainties on radiation flux in the Arctic region.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Armin Kalita, Maximillian Mrozek-McCourt, Thomas F. Kaldawi, Philip R. Willmott, N. Duane Loh, Sebastian Marte, Raymond G. Sierra, Hartawan Laksmono, Jason E. Koglin, Matt J. Hayes, Robert H. Paul, Serge A. H. Guillet, Andrew L. Aquila, Mengning Liang, Sebastien Boutet, Claudiu A. Stan
Summary: This article studies the freezing process of supercooled water droplets in a vacuum environment, using optical microscopy and X-ray laser diffraction. The research found that long-range crystalline order formed in ice crystals in less than 1 ms after freezing.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
A. Sledd, T. S. L'Ecuyer, J. E. Kay, M. Steele
Summary: As Arctic sea ice retreats, the warming of the upper ocean in response to atmospheric heat fluxes is influenced by the timing of sea ice retreat and the radiative impacts of clouds. Clouds can reflect solar radiation and counteract summer warming, explaining up to 13% more variability in maximum annual sea surface temperatures under modern-day CO2 concentrations. Summer clouds have little direct effect on maximum annual SST under pre-industrial CO2 concentrations, but they become three times more sensitive when CO2 concentrations are four times pre-industrial levels.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Xiaoming Hu, Yanchi Liu, Yunqi Kong, Qinghua Yang
Summary: This study examines the main sources of inter-model spread in Arctic amplification of surface warming. It finds that the same seasonal energy transfer mechanism, namely the storage and release of solar energy absorbed by the Arctic Ocean during sea-ice melting season, is responsible for the Arctic amplification in each simulation. The amount of ice melting and heat storage in the ocean during summer determines the strength of heat release in the cold months, which is associated with various factors such as cloudiness and heat transport.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Geography, Physical
Alberto Alvarez
Summary: Studies have shown that leads in sea ice cover play an important role in climate change, especially in the intense heat exchange that occurs during winter. However, there is limited research on the oceanography and climate relevance of leads during summer. This study uses numerical modeling to investigate the formation of near-surface temperature maximum (NSTM) layer in summer leads, and finds that moderate wind and ice drift are crucial factors in the development of the NSTM layer.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Neel Desai, Yangang Liu, Susanne Glienke, Raymond A. Shaw, Chunsong Lu, Jian Wang, Sinan Gao
Summary: Marine stratocumulus clouds have a significant impact on Earth's radiation budget, but subgrid variability in cloud properties can cause errors in global climate models. This study analyzes turbulent entrainment-mixing processes and cloud microphysical properties at different heights within a warm marine stratocumulus cloud layer over the Eastern North Atlantic. The findings emphasize the importance of turbulent mixing and appropriate microphysical time scales in understanding cloud microphysical processes.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2021)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Israel Silber, Paul S. McGlynn, Jerry Y. Harrington, Johannes Verlinde
Summary: The study found that habit-dependent vapor growth of ice crystals modulates the macrophysical occurrence of supercooled water in polar clouds. The results suggest that this effect should be included in model parameterizations to avoid biases and error compensation. The methodology used in the study is adaptable for spherical ice treatments implemented in models and can be used with satellite measurements to provide global impartial observational targets for model evaluations.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Israel Silber
Summary: This study estimates cloud base ice precipitation properties over Utqiagvik, North Slope of Alaska, using a combination of ground-based radar and lidar measurements. The results reveal intriguing relationships between cloud base thermodynamic and ice precipitation properties, and provide reflectivity-dependent parameterizations for ice precipitation rate and ice water content.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Wenli Zhong, Sylvia T. Cole, Jinlun Zhang, Ruibo Lei, Michael Steele
Summary: The ocean-to-ice heat flux in the Beaufort Gyre region of the Arctic Ocean has increased during winter due to thinner and less compact sea ice, leading to enhanced ice growth and stronger vertical convection and subsurface heat entrainment. The contribution of Ekman upwelling to the heat flux changes was found to be secondary.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Kei Kawai, Hitoshi Matsui, Yutaka Tobo
Summary: Recent observations have shown that dust emitted within the Arctic has a high ice nucleating ability, especially in the temperature range of -20°C to -5°C. This study incorporates an observation-based ice-nucleation parameterization into a global aerosol-climate model to better understand the impacts of Arctic dust on ice nucleating particles (INPs) and radiative balance in the Arctic. The results highlight the importance of using an ice-nucleation parameterization suitable for Arctic dust to accurately simulate INPs and their effects on aerosol-cloud interactions in the Arctic.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Zachary Mcgraw, Trude Storelvmo, Lorenzo M. Polvani, Stefan Hofer, Jonah K. Shaw, Andrew Gettelman
Summary: Ice nucleation plays a crucial role in future climate projections, but in CESM2 model, the total cloud feedback remains strongly positive regardless of whether the ice nucleation is simulated as aerosol-sensitive, insensitive, or absent. The update from CESM1 to CESM2 has improved the representation of mixed-phase clouds, enhancing the model's climate sensitivity. Therefore, the process of ice nucleation has significant implications for climate warming predictions.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Xiping Zeng, Andrew J. J. Heymsfield, Zbigniew Ulanowski, Ryan R. R. Neely, Xiaowen Li, Jie Gong, Dong L. L. Wu
Summary: Cloud representation is a major uncertainty in current weather and climate models. This article provides an overview of the observations and modeling of the radiative effect on cloud microphysics, offering a new direction to tackle the challenge of cloud representation.
BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Lorenzo Zampieri, Gabriele Arduini, Marika Holland, Sarah P. E. Keeley, Kristian Mogensen, Matthew D. Shupe, Steffen Tietsche
Summary: This study presents a novel machine learning method to reduce the systematic surface temperature errors in multiple atmospheric reanalyses over sea ice-covered regions of the Arctic under clear-sky conditions. The corrected reanalysis temperature can be utilized to support polar research activities and improve the simulation of the interacting sea ice and ocean system in numerical models.
MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Heather Guy, Ian M. Brooks, David D. Turner, Christopher J. Cox, Penny M. Rowe, Matthew D. Shupe, Von P. Walden, Ryan R. Neely III
Summary: This study demonstrates that spectrally resolved measurements of downwelling longwave radiation can be used to retrieve the microphysical properties of fogs. In the 12 cases of fog observed in central Greenland, it was found that most of them were mixed-phase fogs, with ice particles having an average effective radius of 24.0 +/- 7.8 μm and liquid droplets having an average effective radius of 14.0 +/- 2.7 μm. The results also support the hypotheses that low aerosol particle concentrations can limit fog liquid water path, fog can increase near-surface aerosol particle concentrations through mixing, and multiple fog events can gradually deplete near-surface aerosol particle concentrations.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Benjamin Kirbus, Sofie Tiedeck, Andrea Camplani, Jan Chylik, Susanne Crewell, Sandro Dahlke, Kerstin Ebell, Irina Gorodetskaya, Hannes Griesche, Doerthe Handorf, Ines Hoeschel, Melanie Lauer, Roel Neggers, Janna Rueckert, Matthew D. Shupe, Gunnar Spreen, Andreas Walbroel, Manfred Wendisch, Annette Rinke
Summary: Distinct events of warm and moist air intrusions from mid-latitudes have significant impacts on the Arctic climate system. A record-breaking warm air intrusion observed during the MOSAiC expedition in mid-April 2020 is analyzed using Eulerian and Lagrangian frameworks. The intrusion is characterized by two distinct pathways, Siberian and Atlantic, and it has a strong positive effect on the surface energy balance. Model experiments show that moisture availability has a limited impact on the liquid water path in the central Arctic, while increasing cloud condensation nuclei concentrations enhance cloud water content and deepen the atmospheric boundary layer.
FRONTIERS IN EARTH SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Fange Yue, Helene Angot, Byron Blomquist, Julia Schmale, Clara J. M. Hoppe, Ruibo Lei, Matthew D. Shupe, Liyang Zhan, Jian Ren, Hailong Liu, Ivo Beck, Dean Howard, Tuija Jokinen, Tiia Laurila, Lauriane Quelever, Matthew Boyer, Tuukka Petaja, Stephen Archer, Ludovic Bariteau, Detlev Helmig, Jacques Hueber, Hans-Werner Jacobi, Kevin Posman, Zhouqing Xie
Summary: Based on observations and modeling, it is found that atmospheric mercury in the Arctic is mainly derived from oceanic evasion, particularly in the Marginal Ice Zone (MIZ). This regional process could be the main cause for the summertime peak in mercury concentrations. With rapid Arctic warming and MIZ expansion, oceanic mercury evasion may become more significant.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Christian Pilz, Michael Lonardi, Ulrike Egerer, Holger Siebert, Andre Ehrlich, Andrew J. Heymsfield, Carl G. Schmitt, Matthew D. Shupe, Birgit Wehner, Manfred Wendisch
Summary: The BELUGA instrument was deployed during the MOSAiC expedition to study the cloudy Arctic atmospheric boundary layer above the sea ice. It collected 66 profile observations, including atmospheric parameters, radiation measurements, aerosol properties, and cloud particle images.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Christopher J. J. Cox, Michael R. R. Gallagher, Matthew D. D. Shupe, P. Ola G. Persson, Amy Solomon, Christopher W. W. Fairall, Thomas Ayers, Byron Blomquist, Ian M. M. Brooks, Dave Costa, Andrey Grachev, Daniel Gottas, Jennifer K. K. Hutchings, Mark Kutchenreiter, Jesse Leach, Sara M. M. Morris, Victor Morris, Jackson Osborn, Sergio Pezoa, Andreas Preusser, Laura D. D. Riihimaki, Taneil Uttal
Summary: The Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) was a yearlong expedition that documented the annual cycle of processes impacting the Arctic atmosphere-ice-ocean system. Measurements of the sea ice's thermodynamic and dynamic evolution were of central importance. This manuscript provides a guide for researchers to access and use the data products acquired during the expedition.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Changwei Liu, Qinghua Yang, Matthew D. Shupe, Yan Ren, Shijie Peng, Bo Han, Dake Chen
Summary: Turbulent intermittency over the Arctic sea-ice surface was investigated using data collected during the Arctic Climate expedition. The study found that the strength of intermittency increases under specific surface wind speed, wind speed gradient, and air temperature gradient conditions. The analysis also revealed that strong low-level jets favor surface turbulent motions with weak intermittency, while strong temperature inversions above the surface layer lead to strong intermittency.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2023)
Article
Remote Sensing
Joseph Nied, Michael Jones, Shane Seaman, Taylor Shingler, Johnathan Hair, Brian Cairns, David Van Gilst, Anthony Bucholtz, Sebastian Schmidt, Seethala Chellappan, Paquita Zuidema, Bastiaan Van Diedenhoven, Armin Sorooshian, Snorre Stamnes
Summary: We developed a camera-based cloud detection method using a convolutional neural network, which accurately detects clouds above the aircraft and can be used for airborne passive remote sensing. By using human-labeled validation data, we demonstrated the high accuracy of this method in cloud detection. We also compared the performance of this method with traditional zenith cameras for cloud detection instruments, showing that it provides a cost-effective solution for cloud detection in airborne science research flights.
FRONTIERS IN REMOTE SENSING
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Armin Sorooshian, Mikhail D. Alexandrov, Adam D. Bell, Ryan Bennett, Grace Betito, Sharon P. Burton, Megan E. Buzanowicz, Brian Cairns, Eduard V. Chemyakin, Gao Chen, Yonghoon Choi, Brian L. Collister, Anthony L. Cook, Andrea F. Corral, Ewan C. Crosbie, Bastiaan van Diedenhoven, Joshua P. DiGangi, Glenn S. Diskin, Sanja Dmitrovic, Eva-Lou Edwards, Marta A. Fenn, Richard A. Ferrare, David van Gilst, Johnathan W. Hair, David B. Harper, Miguel Ricardo A. Hilario, Chris A. Hostetler, Nathan Jester, Michael Jones, Simon Kirschler, Mary M. Kleb, John M. Kusterer, Sean Leavor, Joseph W. Lee, Hongyu Liu, Kayla McCauley, Richard H. Moore, Joseph Nied, Anthony Notari, John B. Nowak, David Painemal, Kasey E. Phillips, Claire E. Robinson, Amy Jo Scarino, Joseph S. Schlosser, Shane T. Seaman, Chellappan Seethala, Taylor J. Shingler, Michael A. Shook, Kenneth A. Sinclair, William L. Smith Jr, Douglas A. Spangenberg, Snorre A. Stamnes, Kenneth L. Thornhill, Christiane Voigt, Holger Voemel, Andrzej P. Wasilewski, Hailong Wang, Edward L. Winstead, Kira Zeider, Xubin Zeng, Bo Zhang, Luke D. Ziemba, Paquita Zuidema
Summary: The ACTIVATE experiment by NASA produced a unique dataset for studying aerosol-cloud-meteorology interactions. It used two aircraft to conduct coordinated flights over the northwest Atlantic Ocean, resulting in a comprehensive dataset covering different seasons. The data from both aircraft help to characterize the vertical column of the atmosphere.
EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE DATA
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Gunilla Svensson, Sonja Murto, Matthew D. Shupe, Felix Pithan, Linus Magnusson, Jonathan J. Day, James D. Doyle, Ian A. Renfrew, Thomas Spengler, Timo Vihma
Summary: During the MOSAiC expedition in the spring period, efforts were made to increase the radiosounding frequency to study warm air intrusions in the Arctic. Two episodes of increased surface temperatures were observed during a targeted observing period. The circulation patterns guided the warm air into the Arctic region through three different transport pathways. The study showed discrepancies between MOSAiC observations and ERA5 reanalysis in representing small-scale processes, highlighting the need for improvement in numerical weather prediction and climate models.
ELEMENTA-SCIENCE OF THE ANTHROPOCENE
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Shijie Peng, Qinghua Yang, Matthew D. Shupe, Xingya Xi, Bo Han, Dake Chen, Sandro Dahlke, Changwei Liu
Summary: By analyzing the dataset, we improved the algorithm and studied the characteristics and variability of the atmospheric boundary layer height (ABLH) in the Arctic region. The annual variation of ABLH is primarily controlled by the evolution of ABL thermal structure. Meteorological and turbulence variables also play a significant role in ABLH variation. In addition, the ABLH during the MOSAiC expedition is more suppressed than during the SHEBA experiment in the summer, indicating large variability in the Arctic ABL structure.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ian Chang, Lan Gao, Connor J. Flynn, Yohei Shinozuka, Sarah J. Doherty, Michael S. Diamond, Karla M. Longo, Gonzalo A. Ferrada, Gregory R. Carmichael, Patricia Castellanos, Arlindo M. da Silva, Pablo E. Saide, Calvin Howes, Zhixin Xue, Marc Mallet, Ravi Govindaraju, Qiaoqiao Wang, Yafang Cheng, Yan Feng, Sharon P. Burton, Richard A. Ferrare, Samuel E. LeBlanc, Meloe S. Kacenelenbogen, Kristina Pistone, Michal Segal-Rozenhaimer, Kerry G. Meyer, Ju-Mee Ryoo, Leonhard Pfister, Adeyemi A. Adebiyi, Robert Wood, Paquita Zuidema, Sundar A. Christopher, Jens Redemann
Summary: The study reveals significant differences in estimates of regional aerosol radiative effects over the southeastern Atlantic and emphasizes the need to improve the accuracy of modeled aerosol distributions. Current Earth system models do not fully account for the upper parts of decoupled boundary layers, leading to limitations in simulating low-level clouds. These differences impact the net aerosol radiative forcing, particularly when aerosols interact with clouds.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Amie Dobracki, Paquita Zuidema, Steven G. Howell, Pablo Saide, Steffen Freitag, Allison C. Aiken, Sharon P. Burton, Arthur J. Sedlacek III, Jens Redemann, Robert Wood
Summary: Aerosol over the remote southeastern Atlantic is highly sunlight-absorbing and its properties are influenced by black carbon (BC) content and combustion efficiency. The aerosols are primarily emitted from grass fires in the miombo woodlands of Angola. The age and transport of the aerosols result in variations in particle size, BC content, and organic aerosol (OA) to BC mass ratios.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Andrew M. M. Sayer, Luca Lelli, Brian Cairns, Bastiaan van Diedenhoven, Amir Ibrahim, Kirk D. Knobelspiesse, Sergey Korkin, P. Jeremy Werdell
Summary: This paper provides the theoretical basis and simulated retrievals for the Cloud Height Retrieval from O-2 Molecular Absorption (CHROMA) algorithm. Simulations for OCI and OLCI demonstrate that CHROMA can meet the CTP error goal for PACE mission. CHROMA also provides pixel-level uncertainty estimates, which have skill in distinguishing low-error and high-error situations.
ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Haley M. Royer, Mira L. Poehlker, Ovid Krueger, Edmund Blades, Peter Sealy, Nurun Nahar Lata, Zezhen Cheng, Swarup China, Andrew P. Ault, Patricia K. Quinn, Paquita Zuidema, Christopher Poehlker, Ulrich Poeschl, Meinrat Andreae, Cassandra J. Gaston
Summary: By comparing multiple observational campaigns from January to February 2020, this study reveals the importance of African smoke for atmospheric processes and cloud formation over the Caribbean.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2023)
