Luminal Alkalinization Attenuates Proteinuria-Induced Oxidative Damage in Proximal Tubular Cells

A highly acidic environment surrounds proximal tubular cells as a result of their reabsorption of HCO3-. It is unclear whether this luminal acidity affects proteinuria-induced progression of tubular cell damage. Here, we investigated the contribution of luminal acidity to superoxide (O-2(center dot-)) production induced by oleic acid-bound albumin (OA-Alb) in proximal tubular cells. Acidic media significantly enhanced OA-Alb-induced O-2(center dot-) production in the HK-2 proximal tubular cell line. Simultaneous treatment with both OA-Alb and acidic media led to phosphorylation of the intracellular pH sensor Pyk2. Highly phosphorylated Pyk2 associated with activation of Rac1, an essential subcomponent of NAD(P)H oxidase. Furthermore, knockdown of Pyk2 with siRNA attenuated the O-2(center dot-) production induced by cotreatment with OA-Alb and acid. To assess whether luminal alkalinization abrogates proteinuria-induced tubular damage, we studied a mouse model of protein-overload nephropathy. NaHCO3 feeding selectively alkalinized the urine and dramatically attenuated the accumulation of O-2(center dot-)-induced DNA damage and proximal tubular injury. Overall, these observations suggest that luminal acidity aggravates proteinuria-induced tubular damage and that modulation of this acidic environment may hold potential as a therapeutic target for proteinuric kidney disease.