Augmenter of liver regeneration attenuates inflammatory response in the postischemic mouse liver in vivo

Background: Augmenter of Liver Regeneration (ALR), a protein synthesized in the liver is suggested to be protective against oxidative stress-induced cell death. Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is triggered by reactive oxygen species. Here, we tested the hypothesis that ALR attenuates hepatic I/R injury in vivo. Methods: C57BL6 mice were subjected to warm hepatic ischemia for 90 min. Either recombinant ALR (100 mu g/kg) or vehicle were administered to mice prior ischemia. During reperfusion, neutrophil and CD4+ T cell migration and sinusoidal perfusion were analyzed using intravital microscopy. Alanine aminotransferase-aspartate aminotransferase (plasma) and caspase-3 (tissue) activities were determined as markers of hepatocellular necrotic and apoptotic injury. Results: Hepatic I/R led to dramatic enhancement of neutrophil and CD4+ T cell recruitment in hepatic microvessels, sinusoidal perfusion failure, and strong elevation of aspartate aminotransferase-alanine aminotransferase and caspase-3 activities. During early reperfusion (60 min), the pretreatment with ALR improved postischemic perfusion failure (P < 0.05) and attenuated liver enzyme activities. Recruitment of CD4+ T cells, but not of neutrophils was attenuated. After 240 min of reperfusion, the protective effect of ALR was stronger, since the liver enzyme activity, perfusion failure, and leukocyte influx were significantly attenuated. As shown by the measurement of caspase-3 activity, postischemic apoptosis was reduced in the ALR-treated group. Conclusions: Our in vivo data show that ALR has a therapeutic potential against postischemic liver injury. As a mechanism, we suggest a direct protective effect of ALR on apoptotic and necrotic death of hepatocytes and an attenuation of inflammatory cell influx into the postischemic tissue. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.