Article
Integrative & Complementary Medicine
Zhang Qi, Zheng Zhou, Huang Long, Peng Hui, Yu Qingsheng, Wang Laiyong
Summary: Early intervention with Qihuang decoction after gastrectomy can help promote the recovery of the enteric nervous system and improve intestinal propulsion rate.
JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Neurosciences
Xinnian Wang, Ruijin Tang, Zhen Wei, Yang Zhan, Jianping Lu, Zhiling Li
Summary: Gastrointestinal disorders frequently coexist with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and the severity of core behavioral deficits in autism is closely related to abnormalities in these issues. The enteric nervous system (ENS) plays a vital role in regulating gut functions, including gastrointestinal motility. Dysfunctional wiring in the ENS not only leads to various gastrointestinal issues, but also correlates with an increasing number of central nervous system (CNS) disorders, such as ASD. However, it remains unclear whether the gastrointestinal dysfunctions are a consequence of ASD or if they directly contribute to its pathogenesis. This review focuses on the deficits in the ENS associated with ASD, highlights high-risk genes for ASD expressed in the gut and implicated in gastrointestinal dysfunction, and provides an overview of environmental factors associated with the gastrointestinal tract in individuals with autism.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Ryo Hotta, Ahmed Rahman, Sukhada Bhave, Rhian Stavely, Weikang Pan, Shriya Srinivasan, Geoffrey de Couto, Luis Rodriguez-Borlado, Richard Myers, Alan J. Burns, Allan M. Goldstein
Summary: This study demonstrates that transplanted enteric neuronal stem cells (ENSCs) can form effective neuromuscular connections and improve colonic motor function in a model of colonic dysmotility. Multiple injections of ENSCs led to an improved response, paving the way for optimized clinical trial design.
STEM CELL RESEARCH & THERAPY
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Giulia Bernabe, Mahmoud Elsayed Mosaad Shalata, Veronica Zatta, Massimo Bellato, Andrea Porzionato, Ignazio Castagliuolo, Paola Brun
Summary: The side effects of antibiotic treatment are directly related to intestinal dysbiosis. This study examined the long-term effects of antibiotic-induced dysbiosis on the enteric nervous system and the impact of spontaneous restoration of gut microbiota on gastrointestinal functions. Two weeks of antibiotic treatment significantly altered gut microbial composition, and some bacterial genera did not regain their abundance after six weeks of discontinuation.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Yun Wang, Xinyu Xu, Lin Lin
Summary: The present study investigated the effects of prucalopride on intestinal motility in rats with diabetes mellitus by promoting the regeneration of the enteric nervous system. The results showed that prucalopride significantly shortened the colonic transit time in diabetic rats and increased the expression levels of Nestin, GFAP, SOX10, HuD, and PGP9.5.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Jackson L. K. Yip, Gayathri K. Balasuriya, Sarah J. Spencer, Elisa L. Hill-Yardin
Summary: Mice and rats have fundamental differences in colon motility and response to inhibition of nitric oxide neurotransmitter, making them important animal models for different questions in gastrointestinal research.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-GASTROINTESTINAL AND LIVER PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tinh Thi Nguyen, Peter Baumann, Oliver Tuescher, Sandra Schick, Kristina Endres
Summary: The gut and the brain communicate through various channels and interactions, collectively known as the gut-brain axis. The aging of the enteric nervous system (ENS) in the gut can lead to gastrointestinal dysfunction and contribute to age-related diseases of the brain. Understanding the mechanisms of the aging ENS can provide insights into the diagnosis and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Justine Blin, Camille Gautier, Philippe Aubert, Tony Durand, Thibauld Oullier, Laetitia Aymeric, Philippe Naveilhan, Damien Masson, Michel Neunlist, Kalyane Bach-Ngohou
Summary: Repeated acute stress (RASt) is associated with gastrointestinal dysfunctions. This study found that the cholinergic component in the enteric nervous system (ENS) plays a role in these dysfunctions, possibly through the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) system. The use of a GR-specific antagonist can prevent the effects on colonic acetylcholine levels and motility.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Virology
Yaqian Li, Qiuyu Chen, Liwei Wang, Xin Chen, Bangmao Wang, Weilong Zhong
Summary: Gastrointestinal motility disorders are closely related to viral infections of the enteric nervous system. Viruses can infect the enteric nervous system through various means and cause symptoms such as abdominal pain and diarrhea. Studies have found that viruses are a cause of some gastrointestinal motility disorders.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Crystal Woods, Amanda R. Flockton, Laurie E. Wallace, Catherine M. Keenan, Wendy B. Macklin, Keith A. Sharkey, Jaime Belkind-Gerson
Summary: Proteolipid protein 1 (Plp1) is highly expressed in enteric glia and plays a regulatory role in gut motility and barrier function, possibly through the Erk1/2 pathway. The absence of myelin in the enteric nervous system suggests another role for Plp1 in the gut.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-GASTROINTESTINAL AND LIVER PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Nabil Parkar, Julie E. Dalziel, Nick J. Spencer, Patrick Janssen, Warren C. McNabb, Wayne Young
Summary: Gastrointestinal (GI) motility relies on the enteric nervous system (ENS) and is crucial for digestion. Dysfunction in the ENS can lead to constipation. Animal models have been developed to mimic constipation symptoms through pharmacological manipulations, and studies have shown an association between altered GI motility and gut microbial population. However, little is known about the changes in gut microbiota resulting from slowed GI motility induced by medication, and the current understanding is based on studies using faecal samples which do not accurately represent the intestinal microbiome. This study aimed to investigate how delayed GI transit, caused by opioid receptor agonism in the ENS, affects caecal microbiota composition, and the results showed significant differences in microbial composition between treatment groups, with Bacteroides being relatively abundant in the group with slowed GI transit.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ben R. Cairns, Benjamin Jevans, Atchariya Chanpong, Dale Moulding, Conor J. McCann
Summary: This study revealed structural and molecular remodeling of the ENS upon loss of nNOS signaling, with compensatory transcriptional upregulation of neuronal subtype targets. The use of machine learning approaches and automated computational image analysis proved valuable in detecting previously unrecognized changes in ENS structure, providing insights into pathological mechanisms in various enteric neuropathies.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Franze Progatzky, Vassilis Pachnis
Summary: This article reviews recent literature on the roles of enteric glial cells in intestinal immunity and tissue homeostasis.
CURRENT OPINION IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Jeong Pil Han, Jeong Hyeon Lee, Geon Seong Lee, Ok Jae Koo, Su Cheong Yeom
Summary: This study investigated the correlation between nNOS expression and gastrointestinal tract motility using a stress-induced neonatal maternal separation (NMS) mouse model. Results showed a significant increase in nNOS expression in the large intestine, adrenal gland, and hypothalamus tissues in the NMS model, with a positive correlation between whole gastrointestinal transit time and nNOS expression levels. The study suggested that NMS-induced chronic stress triggers nNOS activation in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis leading to excessive intestinal motility in the lower GI tract.
Article
Microbiology
Fernando A. Vicentini, Catherine M. Keenan, Laurie E. Wallace, Crystal Woods, Jean-Baptiste Cavin, Amanda R. Flockton, Wendy B. Macklin, Jaime Belkind-Gerson, Simon A. Hirota, Keith A. Sharkey
Summary: The study demonstrates the role of the gut microbiota in regulating the structure and function of the GI tract in a sex-independent manner. The microbiota is essential for maintaining ENS integrity by regulating enteric neuronal survival and promoting neurogenesis. Molecular determinants such as LPS and SCFA play a key role in regulating enteric neuronal survival and neurogenesis.
Article
Surgery
Ruth Lewit, Ankush Gosain
Summary: The study found that faculty and applicants preferred in-person interviews and did not recommend virtual interviews as a complete replacement. Virtual interviews may be used as a screening tool in the future, but should be used in conjunction with in-person interviews.
JOURNAL OF SURGICAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Pradeep K. Shukla, Avtar S. Meena, Kesha Dalal, Cherie Canelas, Geetha Samak, Joseph F. Pierre, RadhaKrishna Rao
Summary: This study found that chronic restraint stress exacerbates alcohol-induced gut barrier dysfunction and liver damage in mice, and these effects were reproduced by corticosterone treatment. Corticosterone amplified alcohol-induced inflammatory responses and systemic inflammation, as well as exacerbated liver damage and neuroinflammation. Additionally, corticosterone modulated alcohol-induced changes in gut microbiota diversity and abundance, which may play a crucial role in stress-induced promotion of alcohol-associated tissue injury at the Gut-Liver-Brain axis.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Pediatrics
Hannah R. Spiegl, Jeremie H. Estepp, Chen Li, Sebastian Gil, Ankush Gosain, Andrew J. Murphy, Andrew M. Davidoff
Summary: The study aimed to assess the incidence of DVT in pediatric cancer patients undergoing select surgical procedures, with an overall incidence of post-operative DVT at 0.46%. Findings suggest that surgery does not significantly increase the risk of DVT in children with cancer, indicating routine pharmacologic prophylaxis may not be warranted.
JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC SURGERY
(2021)
Article
Biology
Tahliyah S. Mims, Qusai Al Abdallah, Justin D. Stewart, Sydney P. Watts, Catrina T. White, Thomas Rousselle, Ankush Gosain, Amandeep Bajwa, Joan C. Han, Kent A. Willis, Joseph F. Pierre
Summary: The study found that the abundance and composition of gut mycobiome are influenced by diet and other environmental factors, and are correlated with key metabolic features in the host. Specifically, certain fungi species, such as Thermomyces and Saccharomyces, are strongly associated with weight gain.
COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Surgery
Ankush Gosain, Daniel Chu, J. Joshua Smith, Heather B. Neuman, Allan M. Goldstein, Brian S. Zuckerbraun
Summary: Surgeon-scientists play critical roles in academic medicine as both lead scientists and collaborators. Successfully obtaining funding to sustain research programs is crucial, and it is essential to explore all available funding sources and nonfinancial resources effectively throughout one's career. Longitudinal active planning is key to maintaining research programs and providing unique perspectives on surgical disease to the scientific community.
Article
Surgery
Catherine J. Hunter, Allan M. Goldstein, Jayme Locke, Clifford S. Cho, Ankush Gosain
Summary: The Significance and Innovation sections of a grant application are crucial for success, highlighting the importance of the research problem and the novelty of the proposal to engage reviewers.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Danielle N. Rendina, Gabriele R. Lubach, Mark Lyte, Gregory J. Phillips, Ankush Gosain, Joseph F. Pierre, Roza M. Vlasova, Martin A. Styner, Christopher L. Coe
Summary: This study tracked the assembly of gut microbiota during the initial nursing period and transition to solid food in infant monkeys. The dynamic bacterial community structure reflected different maturational phases, influenced early by breast milk and later by solid foods. Higher abundance of certain microbial taxa during nursing was associated with slower growth trajectories and smaller brain volumes at one year of age.
Article
Surgery
Richard A. Guyer, Margaret L. Schwarze, Ankush Gosain, Melinda Maggard-Gibbons, Sundeep G. Keswani, Allan M. Goldstein
Summary: Mastering grant writing is crucial for obtaining research funding. Surgeons needing the necessary skills to write successful grant applications is essential for pursuing high-quality surgical research and supporting academic goals. The 10 strategies presented in this article aim to help surgeon-scientists compete successfully for research funding.
Editorial Material
Pediatrics
Ankush Gosain, Allan M. Goldstein
JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC SURGERY
(2022)
Article
Surgery
Joseph F. Pierre, Greg J. Phillips, Lawrance C. Chandra, Danielle N. Rendina, Neena F. Thomas-Gosain, Gabriele R. Lubach, Mark Lyte, Christopher L. Coe, Ankush Gosain
Summary: The study found that inclusion of lyticase in the sample preparation process significantly increased fungal ITS reads, enhanced detection of numerous fungal genera in non-human primate fecal samples, and maintained fidelity of microbiome identification and community features.
JOURNAL OF SURGICAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Surgery
Tharun Somasundar, Justin B. Dimick, Sandra L. Wong, Ankush Gosain, Feibi Zheng, W. P. Andrew Lee, Linwah Yip, Tejal S. Brahmbhatt
Summary: Virtual forms of communication are increasingly integrated into academic surgery, with the COVID-19 pandemic accelerating their implementation. Valuable lessons are being learned from early experiences through expert panel discussions at conferences, exploring realms of virtual communication. Strategies to enhance virtual communication experiences are being proposed, and the potential value of social media in academic careers is being highlighted.
JOURNAL OF SURGICAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Pediatrics
Brittany Hegde, Elisa Garcia, Andrew Hu, Mehul Raval, Sanyu Takirambudde, Derek Wakemane, Ruth Lewitf, Ankush Gosain, Raphael H. Parrado, Robert A. Cina, Krista Stephenson, Melvin S. Dassinger, Daniel Zhangi, Moiz M. Mustafa, Donna Koo, Aaron M. Lipskar, Katherine Scheidler, Kyle J. Van Arendonk, Patrick Berg, Raquel Gonzalez, Daniel Scheese, Jeffrey Haynes, Alexander Mina, Irving J. Zamora, Monica E. Lopez, Steven C. Mehl, Elizabeth Gilliam, Katrina Lofberg, Brianna Spencer, Afif N. Kulaylat, Brian C. Gulack, Matthew Johnson, Matthew Laskovy, Pavan Brahmamdam, Aoi Shimomura, Therese Blanc, KuoJen Tsa, Bethany J. Slater
Summary: This study evaluated the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the management of appendicitis and patient outcomes. The results showed an increase in non-operative management of appendicitis during the pandemic, as well as a decrease in the need for additional procedures. These findings suggest a change in the management of pediatric appendicitis during the COVID-19 pandemic and a potential trend towards non-operative treatment.
JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC SURGERY
(2023)
Article
Education, Scientific Disciplines
Manuel Castillo-Angeles, Rachel B. Atkinson, Sarah Rae Easter, Ankush Gosain, Yue-Yung Hu, Zara Cooper, Eugene S. Kim, Erika L. Rangel
Summary: Despite recent improvements in national family leave policies, there is still a lack of program-level support for surgical trainees. Many female trainees need to reduce their clinical duties or take time off during pregnancy or postpartum, but they may face stigma and guilt when seeking schedule accommodations.
JOURNAL OF SURGICAL EDUCATION
(2022)
Article
Surgery
Ruth A. Lewit, Lauren Camp, Collin Dietrich, Ryan Hammond, Elizabeth Paton, Donald J. Lucas, Ankush Gosain
Summary: The utility and cost of upper gastrointestinal (UGI) studies prior to gastrostomy tube placement in children were investigated in this retrospective case control study. The study found that UGI was obtained in 90.8% of patients, with 23.6% showing abnormal findings. UGI was associated with delayed care in 15.2% of patients and slightly increased costs per day. Further analysis is needed to identify subsets of children who may benefit from routine UGI.
JOURNAL OF SURGICAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Editorial Material
Surgery
Meghal Shah, Tejas S. Sathe, Sukriti Bansal, Anai N. Kothari, Sophie Dream
JOURNAL OF SURGICAL RESEARCH
(2024)
Letter
Surgery
Zafer Turkyilmaz, Ramazan Karabulut, Kaan Sonmez
JOURNAL OF SURGICAL RESEARCH
(2024)
Letter
Surgery
Priyanka Jadhav, Gerald Gollin
JOURNAL OF SURGICAL RESEARCH
(2024)
Review
Surgery
Kheira Hireche, Ludovic Canaud, Pierre Antoine Peyron, Linda Sakhri, Isabelle Serres, Sanaa Kamel, Youcef Lounes, Thomas Gandet, Pierre Alric
Summary: This study evaluated the elastic properties of commonly used vascular substitutes for pulmonary artery replacement and compared their compliance and stiffness indexes to human pulmonary artery. The results showed that allogenic arterial grafts appeared to be the most suitable vascular substitutes in terms of compliance and stiffness for PA replacement.
JOURNAL OF SURGICAL RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Surgery
Margaret Siu, Aixa Perez Coulter, Heather M. Grant, Reginald Alouidor, Michael Tirabassi
Summary: There is no significant difference in adverse respiratory events between intubated, critically ill patients requiring operative intervention who are kept NPO for 6 hours or longer compared to those kept NPO for less than 6 hours. Patients commonly experience periods of fasting much longer than the recommended 6-hour period by the American Society of Anesthesiologists.
JOURNAL OF SURGICAL RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Surgery
Whitney Elks, Allison G. McNickle, Matthew Kelecy, Kavita Batra, Shirley Wong, Shawn Wang, Lisa Angotti, Deborah A. Kuhls, Charles St Hill, Syed F. Saquib, Paul J. Chestovich, Douglas R. Fraser
Summary: This study aimed to compare the effects of early and late enteral feeding after PEG placement on achieving nutritional therapy goals and adverse outcomes. The results showed that patients with early initiation of feeds achieved a higher percentage of goals on day 0 without an increased rate of adverse events.
JOURNAL OF SURGICAL RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Surgery
Manisha B. Bhatia, Cassandra M. Anderson, Abdiwahab N. Hussein, Brian Opondo, Nereah Aruwa, Otieno Okumu, Sarah G. Fisher, Tasha Sparks Joplin, JoAnna L. Hunter-Squires, Brian W. Gray, Peter W. Saula
Summary: This study aimed to understand postoperative pediatric nutrition practices in Kenya and the United States. The results showed that in the United States, patients initiated enteral nutrition earlier and had shorter hospital stays. However, in Kenya, patients initiated enteral nutrition earlier but had no significant difference in hospital stays.
JOURNAL OF SURGICAL RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Surgery
David P. Stonko, Joseph Edwards, Hossam Abdou, Rebecca Treffalls, Patrick Walker, Jonathan J. Morrison
Summary: Raising mean arterial pressure (MAP) >90 mmHg with norepinephrine can increase gastroduodenal artery (GDA) flow and delay bowel ischemia.
JOURNAL OF SURGICAL RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Surgery
David R. Mann, Kathryn E. Engelhardt, Barry C. Gibney, Macelyn E. Batten, Eric C. Klipsch, Rupak Mukherjee, Ian C. Bostock
Summary: Pathologic upstaging is associated with decreased overall survival in cT1b esophageal cancer. Esophagectomy has better survival outcomes compared to endoscopic local tumor excision. Neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy does not improve overall survival in cT1b lesions.
JOURNAL OF SURGICAL RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Surgery
Ross Mudgway, Zachary Tran, Juan C. Quispe Espiritu, Woo Bin Bong, Hayden Schultz, Vamsi Vemireddy, Aarthy Kannappan, Marcos Michelotti, Kaushik Mukherjee, Jeffrey Quigley, Keith Scharf, Daniel Srikureja, Sharon S. Lum, Esther Wu
Summary: Comparison of medium-term outcomes between robotic-assisted cholecystectomy (RC) and laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) using validated quality of life (QoL) and pain assessments did not show significant differences.
JOURNAL OF SURGICAL RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Surgery
Ningjie Chen, Haitao Wang, Yang Shao, Jincun Yang, Guodong Song
Summary: This study aimed to compare the therapeutic effects of activated platelet-rich plasma (PRP) prepared from elderly individuals and young adults in treating pressure ulcers (PUs). The results showed that PRP from young adults had higher platelet concentrations and greater production of growth factors, leading to better wound healing.
JOURNAL OF SURGICAL RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Surgery
Brendin R. Beaulieu-Jones, Margaret T. Berrigan, Kortney A. Robinson, Jayson S. Marwaha, Tara S. Kent, Gabriel A. Brat
Summary: Introduction: Prescription opioids, including those prescribed after surgery, have greatly contributed to the US opioid epidemic. Educating opioid prescribers is a crucial component of ensuring the safe use of opioids among surgical patients. This study implemented an annual education curriculum for new surgical prescribers, resulting in significant improvements in knowledge and comfort levels. However, there remains a persistent knowledge and comfort gap among these prescribers.
JOURNAL OF SURGICAL RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Surgery
Sneha G. Bhat, Madhuri Nagaraj, Courtney Balentine, Timothy Hogan, Jennie Meier, Hillary Prince, Kareem Abdelfattah, Herbert Zeh, Benjamin Levi
Summary: This pilot study examined the effects of a structured mental fitness program on academic surgeons and found significant improvement in Positive Intelligence (PQ) scores, as well as increased connectedness and shared language among participants. However, there were no significant changes in sleep, well-being, or teaching evaluations.
JOURNAL OF SURGICAL RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Surgery
Kristin E. Cox, Michael A. Turner, Siamak Amirfakhri, Thinzar M. Lavin, Mojgan Hosseini, Pradipta Ghosh, Marygorret Obonyo, Takashi Murakami, Robert M. Hoffman, Paul J. Yazaki, Michael Bouvet
Summary: This study demonstrates the potential of using humanized anti-carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) antibodies conjugated with near-infrared dyes to specifically label gastric cancers in mouse models. Orthotopic models showed bright and specific labeling with more than ten times higher tumor-to-background ratios compared to the control. This tumor-specific fluorescent antibody has promising potential as a clinical tool for improving visualization of gastric cancer margins during surgical resection.
JOURNAL OF SURGICAL RESEARCH
(2024)
Review
Surgery
Sarah Maki, Melissa Leon, Emily Glenn, Tiffany Tanner, Crystal Krause
Summary: This scoping review analyzed the literature on the use of broadband personality tests in the bariatric surgical population to optimize weight loss outcomes. The study found significant associations between personality scales and weight loss, but inconsistent reporting of outcome measures made it challenging to draw concrete conclusions. The American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery recommends standardization of outcome reporting to improve the reliability of predicting weight loss outcomes.
JOURNAL OF SURGICAL RESEARCH
(2024)