Article
Chemistry, Physical
Aso A. Hassan, Joseph D. Smith
Summary: This study explores the non-catalyzed supercritical methanol process for continuous biodiesel production, showing that higher temperatures and pressures result in increased methyl-ester yield. The use of a new reactor technology can reduce setup costs and improve yields, while also studying the kinetics of the transesterification process under different conditions in supercritical methanol.
Article
Thermodynamics
Archw Promraksa, Nirattisai Rakmak, Philip A. Schneider
Summary: This study explores the concurrent process of biodiesel extraction and triglyceride methanolysis using supercritical carbon dioxide and tetrahydrofuran. The transesterification kinetics of triglycerides was studied under different conditions, and a second-order kinetics model with mass transfer limitation was found to fit the experimental results. The optimal conditions for FAME recovery were determined using a factorial design and analysis of variance. The feasibility of scaling up the process to a commercial level was proposed, and the supercritical fluid-assisted dispersion feature was characterized to enhance production efficiency.
Review
Engineering, Chemical
Violeta Makareviciene, Egle Sendzikiene
Summary: The noncatalytic supercritical process in biodiesel production simplifies the process, solves the problem of catalyst recovery and regeneration, and improves the efficiency of biodiesel production.
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Yashvir Singh, Abhishek Sharma, Nishant Kumar Singh
Summary: Supercritical methanol transesterification is an effective method for processing biodiesel, which can produce a substantial amount of biodiesel in a short period of time and solve the problems associated with catalyst processing. The study found that the reaction temperature, methanol to oil ratio, reaction time, and pressure have a significant impact on the biodiesel production in the supercritical methanol transesterification process.
BIOMASS & BIOENERGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Hwi-Sung Lee, Jaeha Lee, Hanbin Seo, Hankyeul Kang, Do Heui Kim, Youn-Woo Lee
Summary: This study demonstrated the synthesis of biodiesel using Pd/ZSM-5 or commercial Pd/Al2O3 catalyst, with Pd/ZSM-5 showing a higher FAMEs yield of 97.1% compared to 58.0% for Pd/Al2O3 under the same conditions. Despite having higher Pd nanoparticles dispersion, Pd/ZSM-5 exhibited lower activity for CTH.
FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
R. Gopi, Vinoth Thangarasu, Angkayarkan M. Vinayakaselvi, Anand Ramanathan
Summary: Biodiesel is an eco-friendly, less toxic biofuel that has been extensively researched in recent years to reduce reliance on fossil fuels and emissions. Continuous flow production techniques are now being focused on by researchers to improve efficiency and reduce energy consumption. Microreactor technology shows higher efficiency, improved mixing, and high heat and mass transfer rates compared to traditional reactors.
RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Mohd Nurfirdaus Bin Mohiddin, Yie Hua Tan, Yee Xuan Seow, Jibrail Kansedo, N. M. Mubarak, Mohammad Omar Abdullah, Yen San Chan, Mohammad Khalid
Summary: The development of biodiesel as an alternative to fossil fuels has been driven by the detrimental impact of fossil fuel utilization on the environment. The production of biodiesel involves transesterification, with factors such as feedstock and catalyst type and amount, alcohol-to-feedstock ratio, and reaction conditions affecting the quantity and quality of biodiesel produced. Recent studies have focused on improving the efficiency of biodiesel reactors for commercial production.
JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL AND ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Ricardo Garcia-Morales, Abel Zunigo-Moreno, Francisco J. Veronico-Sanchez, Jose Domenzain-Gonzalez, Hugo I. Perez-Lopez, Christian Bouchot, Octavio Elizalde-Solis
Summary: The aim of this study was to synthesize fatty acid methyl esters from waste beef tallow using one-step supercritical methanol transesterification without pre-treatment. Animal waste samples were collected from local markets and experiments were conducted in a batch reactor made of Inconel 625 alloy. Various parameters such as methanol:waste beef tallow molar ratio, temperature, and pressure were investigated to obtain the fatty acid methyl esters, which were then characterized and the overall yield was calculated.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Ye Min Oo, Tanongsak Prasit, Jarernporn Thawornprasert, Krit Somnuk
Summary: Double-step esterification using an ultrasound clamp reactor is an efficient method for producing high purity methyl ester biodiesel from PFAD.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Disha Sharma, Shivani Uniyal, Lakshmi Tewari
Summary: A methanol tolerant extracellular lipase FDS8(L) was extracted from Bacillus mycoides strain CV18 and purified, showing superior catalytic performance when immobilized to form cross linked lipase enzyme aggregate (CLEA) for enhanced stability in the presence of methanol. The lipase exhibited optimal activity under alkaline conditions and had stimulatory effects from organic solvents and metal ions. Its efficacy in catalyzing transesterification of algal lipids in methanol was confirmed through TLC and FTIR spectroscopy analysis of the transesterification products.
PROCESS BIOCHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Mohammadreza Asghari, Bahram Hosseinzadeh Samani, Rahim Ebrahimi, Sajad Rostami, Ebrahim Fayyazi
Summary: In this study, a liquid-phase capillary discharge plasma reactor was developed for the continuous production of biodiesel from sunflower oil at ambient temperature and pressure. The response surface method (RSM) was used to optimize FAME content by examining four main operational parameters. The results showed that the reactor could continuously produce 95.9% methyl ester content with high conversion efficiency at low temperatures and with minimum inputs compared to common methods.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Narita Chanthon, Kanokwan Ngaosuwan, Worapon Kiatkittipong, Doonyapong Wongsawaeng, Weerinda Appamana, Armando T. Quitain, Suttichai Assabumrungrat
Summary: The study focuses on optimizing the flow regime of alkali-catalyzed transesterification for enhancing biodiesel production rate. The optimal operating condition is found to be a 6:1 methanol-to-oil molar ratio, a total flowrate of 30 mL/min, and a rotational speed of 1000 rpm.
RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Tongxin Qu, Shengli Niu, Xiangyu Zhang, Kuihua Han, Chunmei Lu
Summary: This study synthesized calcium modified Zn-Ce/Al2O3 heterogeneous base catalysts through three different methods and applied them in biodiesel production. The catalyst synthesized by the hydrothermal method exhibited the best catalytic performance, and showed good reusability with high biodiesel yield even after multiple cycles.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Mudheher M. Ali, Safaa M. R. Ahmed, Dhia Y. Aqar, Saba A. Gheni, Ghassan H. Abdullah, Marwan A. Mahmood, Omar A. Habeeb, Adam Harvey, Anh N. Phan
Summary: The use of cheap catalysts in the continuous transesterification of waste cooking oil to biodiesel was investigated. The dolomite catalyst showed excellent performance and stable activity, achieving a high conversion rate of 96%.
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Omojola Awogbemi, Daramy Vandi Von Kallon
Summary: This study reviewed the application of different types and configurations of tubular reactors for biodiesel production. By introducing the feedstocks, catalysts, conversion techniques, and modes of biodiesel conversion, a better understanding of the mechanisms behind this technology was achieved. The use of transesterification technique in tubular reactor technologies ensures ecofriendly, low-cost, and large-scale biodiesel production.
BIOENGINEERING-BASEL
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
P. Belmonte, J. M. Garcia-Vargas, J. F. Rodriguez, I. Garrido, M. T. Garcia, M. J. Ramos
Summary: In this study, four polythiourethane films with different types of polyols and isocyanates were synthesized, characterized, and foamed. The results showed that the type of isocyanate greatly influenced the crystallinity and stiffness of the polymers, while the type of polyol modified the FT-IR spectra and the decomposition curve of the material with temperature. Furthermore, the choice of isocyanate also affected the properties of the foams obtained from the polymeric material.
JOURNAL OF SUPERCRITICAL FLUIDS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Xutao Zhu, Jianguo Yan, Shouchun Liu, Fengling Zhu
Summary: This study experimentally assessed the hydrodynamic characteristics of supercritical-pressure R134a in a horizontal circular tube. It was found that the hydrodynamic characteristic curve of R134a under supercritical pressure does not have a negative-slope region but a transition region. The transition region becomes more evident with increasing heat flux, while it weakens with increasing pressure and inlet temperature. Moreover, the onset of the transition region shifts in the direction of high mass flow rate with increasing heat flux.
JOURNAL OF SUPERCRITICAL FLUIDS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Stefania Mottola, Iolanda De Marco
Summary: In this study, corticosteroids were micronized with cyclodextrin using Supercritical Assisted Atomization (SAA), resulting in spherical micrometric particles with improved dissolution time.
JOURNAL OF SUPERCRITICAL FLUIDS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Honghai Liu, Yu Xie, Zhilan Li, Xiaokai Zhang
Summary: This study compared the effects of supercritical carbon dioxide dewatering (SCD) and conventional kiln drying (CKD) at a temperature of 55 degrees C on the dewatering rate, moisture transfer and distribution, shrinkage, and stress characteristics of bamboo strips. The results showed that SCD had a faster dewatering rate and lower shrinkage compared to CKD, but was less effective in reducing drying stress in bamboo.
JOURNAL OF SUPERCRITICAL FLUIDS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Tahmasb Hatami, Ozan N. Ciftci
Summary: This study fills the gap in previous research by establishing a hierarchy of significance for factors affecting SFE profitability, providing a deeper understanding of how technical and economic factors impact profitability. The findings highlight that the SFE facility becomes profitable when the extractor capacity surpasses 42 L.
JOURNAL OF SUPERCRITICAL FLUIDS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Tingshan Guo, Chuang He, Zhiyuan Liang, Qinxin Zhao
Summary: The initial oxidation behavior of Fe10Cr and Fe20Cr alloys in supercritical H2O and supercritical CO2 with O2 has been investigated. The results show that O2 has the highest adsorption energy on FeCr alloys and reacts faster than H2O and CO2.
JOURNAL OF SUPERCRITICAL FLUIDS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Vikash Chandra Roy, Jin-Seok Park, Ahmed Redwan Haque, Md Sadek Ali, Hee-Jeong Lee, Byung-Soo Chun
Summary: This research aimed to valorize brewery spent grain (BSG) using subcritical water hydrolysis (SWH) modified by six different natural deep eutectic solvents (DES) and determining their bipotentialities. The findings showed that BSG hydrolysates obtained through DES-induced SWH contained high levels of sugars, proteins, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, and essential amino acids. The hydrolysates also demonstrated antimicrobial activities, and the presence of bioactive compounds was confirmed through FT-IR analysis. This comprehensive profiling of bioactive compounds from BSG using DES-mediated SWH can contribute to the efficient valorization of BSG for industrial purposes.
JOURNAL OF SUPERCRITICAL FLUIDS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Kailiang Zhang, Hanyu Wang, Tong Liu, Zhu Wang, Lvxing Wang, Ping Fan, Feng Chen, Mingqiang Zhong, Bozhen Wu, Shanqiu Liu, Jintao Yang
Summary: This study investigates the influence of foam cell structure on the electromagnetic interference shielding performance of conductive polymer composite foam. The results suggest that foamed composites exhibit improved EMI shielding performance, and bimodal cell foams have higher electric conductivity but lower EMI shielding compared to uniform cell foams.
JOURNAL OF SUPERCRITICAL FLUIDS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jaromir Valtr, Petr Roztocil, David Dasek, Radek Musalek, Frantisek Lukac, Jakub Klecka, Marek Janata, Mariana Arnoult-Ruzickova, Eva Mistova, Ludek Jelinek, Petr Sajdl, Jan Macak
Summary: This paper focuses on the design of an experimental facility for in-situ electrochemical testing at supercritical water conditions, including the design of the electrode system and surface insulation coating for electrode leads.
JOURNAL OF SUPERCRITICAL FLUIDS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Richard Djimasbe, Mikhail A. Varfolomeev, Nailya M. Khasanova, Ameen A. Al-Muntaser, Rustam R. Davletshin, Muneer A. Suwaid, Gazinur Z. Mingazov
Summary: This study confirms the capability of supercritical water to generate active hydrogen that interacts with different fractions in unconventional feedstocks, leading to synthetic oil production during hydrothermal reactions. The findings suggest that a maximum yield of 16.78% can be achieved at a temperature of 380 oC and a reaction time of 1-12 hours.
JOURNAL OF SUPERCRITICAL FLUIDS
(2024)