Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Leah K. Bowen, Rong Long, Mark E. Rentschler
Summary: Soft textures with asymmetric friction properties show great potential for various applications, especially in the medical field. In this study, we created directional textures and investigated their interaction with soft substrates in shear. Experimental results revealed that shear direction, texture stiffness, and lubricant presence significantly affected the coefficient of friction. Finite element models confirmed the experimental findings and proposed underlying mechanisms. The friction of soft, directional textures against soft untextured substrates is governed by adhesion and contact area in dry conditions, whereas in lubricated conditions, it is primarily influenced by the plowing effect of the textures on the substrate.
TRIBOLOGY INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
S. Yu. Krylov, J. W. M. Frenken
Summary: This article uses a first-principles-based analysis to establish the atomistic mechanisms of frictional energy dissipation for a rigid object moving in a periodic surface potential landscape. The study identifies two key mechanisms, the continuous pumping of energy into resonant modes and the destructive interference of force contributions from excited phonon modes, which lead to dynamical stochastization. Furthermore, the transformation of mechanical energy into heat plays a minor role in friction, opening a new pathway for true control over friction.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
N. M. Beeler
Summary: This article investigates the occurrence mechanism of low-frequency earthquakes on the San Andreas fault. The study finds that the dependence of brittle fault strength is significant for the occurrence of earthquakes. Additionally, the research reveals that pore pressure also plays a role in earthquake occurrence.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
David R. R. Shelly, Robert J. J. Skoumal, Jeanne L. L. Hardebeck
Summary: In August 2020, a seismic sequence began in the Maacama fault zone in northern California, leading to questions about its connection with a larger fault. Through various seismic analysis techniques, including event detection, relocation, and focal mechanisms, the researchers investigated the faulting geometry and its impact on seismic activity. They discovered that the sequence originated from a right-lateral fault, likely a section of the Maacama Fault, but also activated numerous left-lateral conjugate faults, forming a fracture mesh consistent with fluid-induced faulting and earthquake swarms seen elsewhere.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Shahar Gvirtzman, Jay Fineberg
Summary: Frictional interfaces become unstable due to earthquake-like ruptures, which are similar to shear cracks. The nucleation of rupture determines the onset of friction and it is influenced by local stress and contact area topography. Nucleation events occur as 2D patches that expand at low velocities and are affected by the local stress level.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Wei Yan, Tao Wu, Jianshu Wu, Mandella Ali, Yang Li, Han Cao
Summary: The micro-friction characteristics of three types of tight sandstone were tested. It was found that the friction coefficient is closely related to the content of clay and quartz in the rock. When the clay content is low, the rock's friction coefficient is high and insensitive to the wetting characteristics of the fracturing fluid. However, when the clay content is high, the friction coefficient becomes sensitive to different types of fracture liquids and decreases when the liquid wets the rock. Numerical simulation results showed that a friction coefficient of 0.4 produces the most complex fracture network.
GEOMECHANICS AND GEOPHYSICS FOR GEO-ENERGY AND GEO-RESOURCES
(2023)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Anna Pomyalov, Yuri Lubomirsky, Lara Braverman, Efim A. Brener, Eran Bouchbinder
Summary: A numerical study is conducted on self-healing slip pulses, which are solitonic structures propagating in frictional systems. The solutions show diverging length and strongly inertial propagation velocities when the driving stress approaches the frictional strength at a local minimum. An approximate scaling theory explains these observations quantitatively. The derived pulse solutions exhibit significant spatially-extended dissipation and an unconventional edge singularity.
Article
Engineering, Geological
Bahman Sheikh, Tong Qiu, Amir Ahmadipur
Summary: Two boundary algorithms in the framework of 3D smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method are proposed to account for friction and energy dissipation at contacts with a solid boundary. The effect of SPH artificial viscosity and basal friction on interaction forces and granular column collapse is investigated, showing different flow regimes and the influence on final runout distance and deposit height.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
M. W. Herman, K. P. Furlong, H. M. Benz
Summary: This article investigates the relationship between surface faulting and subduction megathrust rupture in the 2016 Kaikoura earthquake in New Zealand. The study finds that the slip in the upper plate fault coincides with the megathrust rupture, and this extreme faulting is a result of increased Coulomb stress and basal decoupling.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
M. W. Herman, K. P. Furlong, H. M. Benz
Summary: The 2016 Kaikoura earthquake in New Zealand occurred in the southern end of the Hikurangi subduction zone. This earthquake caused substantial deformation in the upper plate of the subduction zone, and the greatest fault slip in the upper plate coincided with the megathrust rupture. The combination of increased Coulomb stress and basal decoupling resulted in the extreme co-seismic upper plate faulting observed in this earthquake.
Editorial Material
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Ze'ev Reches, Jay Fineberg
Summary: Earthquakes are caused by dynamic fractures due to overstresses, not governed by the frictional properties of faults. Frictional interfaces can sustain a wide range of stresses before sliding, generating stress-fields and rupture dynamics. The values of stresses and energy dissipation are determined by fault frictional properties.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH
(2023)
Article
Mechanics
Yonggui Liu, Lingyan Shen, Mengmeng Hui, Qian Yang, Tinghui Wang
Summary: This paper mainly studied the influence of finite fracture of the micro contact interface under stress wave loading. A two-dimensional interface friction model with a triangular micro bulge was established, and it was found that the interaction between stress disturbance and the micro bulge led to fracture and crack propagation. Additionally, the research revealed the generation of longitudinal waves, transverse waves, and interface waves in the process of fracture. This study is expected to provide an effective approach for earthquake prediction.
ENGINEERING FRACTURE MECHANICS
(2023)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Benjamin D. Belzer, Melodie E. French
Summary: Chlorite, a phyllosilicate mineral, was studied to understand its role in fault slip. The experiments revealed that its frictional strength increases with temperature and transitions from rate-strengthening to rate-weakening behavior. The results suggest that the rate-weakening behavior is controlled by time-dependent properties of water adsorbed to mineral surfaces.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Yoshiki Yamazaki, Thorne Lay, Kwok Fai Cheung
Summary: The 1975 Kalapana earthquake in Hawaii triggered a local tsunami with a runup of at least 14.3 m, involving coastal landsliding and offshore fault mechanisms. Diverse observations were utilized to deduce a compound faulting model that clarifies the tsunami hazards for the Hawaiian Islands.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH
(2021)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Federica Paglialunga, Francois X. Passelegue, Nicolas Brantut, Fabian Barras, Mathias Lebihain, Marie Violay
Summary: The potential energy stored around faults during the inter-seismic period is released during earthquakes in the form of radiated energy, frictional dissipation, and fracture energy. The fracture energy is of primary importance in controlling the initiation, propagation, and arrest of seismic rupture. Seismological estimates of fracture energy show a clear dependence on slip, while recent experimental studies suggest fracture energy as a material property independent of seismic slip. Stick-slip experiments were performed to reconcile these observations and show that near-tip weakening controls rupture initiation, while long-tailed weakening enhances slip during propagation.
EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
J. A. McBeck, B. Cordonnier, F. Renard
Summary: Determining the size of the representative elementary volume (REV) is crucial for upscaling properties from laboratory measurements to crustal systems. The REV size is expected to evolve as fracture networks propagate and coalesce. However, it may not systematically increase in all experiments due to the highly heterogeneous porosity distributions. In sandstone experiments, the REV size does increase systematically, suggesting that intact sandstone estimates may be applicable to damaged sandstone.
GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
J. A. McBeck, Y. Ben-Zion, X. Zhou, F. Renard
Summary: Accelerating geophysical activity can be observed before some large earthquakes, indicating possible precursors to fault reactivation. Using models, researchers found that fault geometry and strength ratio control off-fault deformation. Velocity analysis suggests that fault-parallel velocity provides the most valuable information, while strain analysis reveals that shear strain is more informative during the interseismic period.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH
(2022)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Maude Julia, Christine V. Putnis, Helen E. King, Francois Renard
Summary: The interactions between calcium carbonate and cadmium-rich fluid were studied at the nano and microscale under fluid flow and static fluid conditions. The study examined three forms of CaCO3: calcite in single crystals of Iceland Spar, calcite in polycrystalline Carrara marble, and aragonite single crystals. The experiments revealed the nanoscale effect of cadmium on CaCO3 dissolution and growth, as well as the precipitation of a Cd-rich phase on the samples' surfaces. Hydrothermal experiments showed that the reactivity of single calcite crystals was passivated by the epitaxial growth of a less soluble Cd-rich endmember on the sample surface. On the other hand, the presence of grain boundaries or structural changes in Carrara marble and aragonite allowed the replacement of samples by a porous (Ca,Cd)CO3 solid-solution phase.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jessica McBeck, Francois Renard
Summary: This study utilizes machine learning to investigate the relationship between two-dimensional and three-dimensional measurements of fracture networks, by analyzing data from X-ray synchrotron triaxial compression experiments. The models developed provide accurate predictions for the porosity and volume of fractures, but have lower accuracy in predicting tortuosity.
WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
G. Montes-Hernandez, L. Feugueur, C. Vernier, A. E. S. Van Driessche, F. Renard
Summary: Current wastewater treatment technologies struggle to remove antibiotics, leading to contamination of water sources. This study demonstrates that aqueous carbonation of portlandite can effectively remove commonly used antibiotics from water. Amoxicillin showed the highest removal efficiency (9.5 mg/g), followed by cefazoline (4.3 mg/g) and ceftriaxone (2.7 mg/g). Comparatively, nanomagnetite-interfacial Fenton reaction is more effective in removing amoxicillin (76.5 mg/g), but is slower and more complex chemically. Both methods show promise at the laboratory scale and can be implemented in wastewater treatment plants.
JOURNAL OF WATER PROCESS ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Jean-Pierre Gratier, Luca Menegon, Francois Renard
Summary: A mechanism involving grain boundary sliding is described for the deformation of fine-grained calcareous shales, which can accommodate large strains of 100%-300% in the Oisans massif in the Western Alps.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH
(2023)
Article
Water Resources
Marthe Gronlie Guren, Francois Renard, Catherine Noiriel
Summary: Using time-lapse X-ray micro-tomography, this study provides a detailed 3D characterization of the geometry evolution and dissolution rate mapping of four carbonate samples at pH 4.0. The dissolution rates exhibit a large spatial variability, with crystal edges and convex topographies showing the highest rates and flat surfaces and concave areas showing slower retreat. Microcrystalline aragonite dissolves at a higher rate compared to calcite, and rough microcrystalline calcite surface dissolves more slowly than specific faces of calcite spar crystal. The presence of mineral impurities and the geometry of the crystals and fluid-mineral interface affect the global dissolution process of carbonate rocks.
FRONTIERS IN WATER
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Joachim Mathiesen, Gaute Linga, Marek Misztal, Francois Renard, Tanguy Le Borgne
Summary: Solute transport in multiphase flow through porous media plays a crucial role in natural systems and geoengineering applications. This study investigates dispersion in multiphase flows using highly resolved numerical simulations of immiscible two-phase flow. The results show that the activation and deactivation of different flow pathways under capillary forces accelerate solute spreading compared to single phase flow. The study establishes transport laws under dynamic multiphase flows and identifies the controlling factors for solute dispersion in porous media.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Applied
Aldritt Scaria Madathiparambil, Kim Robert Tekseth, Fredrik K. Murer, Benoit Cordonnier, Nicolaine Agofack, Jessica McBeck, Pierre Cerasi, Francois Renard, Basab Chattopadhyay, Dag W. Breiby
Summary: Understanding the mechanical behavior of rocks is crucial for subsurface activities. This study combines 4D mu CT imaging with strain analysis to study the deformation process of Draupne shale. The study reveals intermittent deformation at different locations within the sample, which eventually evolves into a major fracture plane. This suggests that the previously reported macroscopic stress-strain relationship of Draupne shale samples may consist of irreversible processes.
PHYSICAL REVIEW APPLIED
(2023)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Jessica McBeck, Benoit Cordonnier, Yehuda Ben-Zion, Francois Renard
Summary: The spatial organization of deformation can provide important information about the timing of catastrophic failure in the brittle regime. Recent analyses show that deformation experiences temporary phases of delocalization superposed on an overall trend of localization. X-ray tomography experiments reveal that larger confining pressure promotes more dilation and greater localization of high strain events, while greater amounts of preexisting damage promote delocalization. Importantly, dilative strain may provide more reliable information about the timing of catastrophic failure than shear strain.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH
(2023)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Fabian Barras, Kjetil Thogersen, Einat Aharonov, Francois Renard
Summary: The question of what arrests an earthquake rupture is crucial for predicting earthquake magnitude. Using a minimal model, researchers have identified the basic physical parameters that may control the arrest of large ruptures and derived closed-form expressions to predict rupture arrest under different conditions.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH
(2023)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Stephen Paul Michalchuk, Sascha Zertani, Francois Renard, Florian Fusseis, Alireza Chogani, Oliver Plumper, Luca Menegon
Summary: This study analyzed pseudotachylytes and mylonitized pseudotachylytes from Lofoten, Norway to understand the evolution of fluid pathways and porosity. It was found that porosity is dispersed within the pseudotachylyte vein, but increased along garnet grain boundaries. The porosity is mainly formed due to metamorphic growth of garnet. In the mylonitized pseudotachylyte, porosity is dramatically reduced due to solution-precipitation processes. Porosity reduction may lead to shear zone hardening and new pseudotachylyte formation.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jess Mcbeck, Benoit Cordonnier, Michele Cooke, Laura Fattaruso, Francois Renard
Summary: Determining how fracture network development leads to macroscopic failure in heterogeneous materials may help estimate the timing of failure in rocks in the upper crust as well as in engineered structures. The proportion of extensile and shear deformation produced by fracture development indicates the appropriate failure criteria to apply, and thus is a key constraint in such an effort. According to synchrotron observations and modeling of triaxial compression experiments on granite, fracture networks transition from shear to extensile immediately before macroscopic failure in order to optimize the total mechanical efficiency of the system.
COMMUNICATIONS EARTH & ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Review
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Catherine Noiriel, Francois Renard
Summary: The dynamic response of rocks to thermal, hydrodynamical, mechanical, and geochemical solicitations is of fundamental interest in various disciplines of geosciences. X-ray micro-tomography (XMT) provides a non-invasive and non-destructive imaging technique that adds the dimension of time to the three-dimensional spatial visualization of rock and mineral microstructures.
COMPTES RENDUS GEOSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Neelima Kandula, Jessica McBeck, Benoit Cordonnier, Jerome Weiss, Dag Kristian Dysthe, Francois Renard
Summary: By conducting triaxial compression tests and utilizing an X-ray transparent triaxial deformation apparatus, this study investigates the mechanisms of brittle failure in porous reservoir rocks, revealing that damage mainly occurs through localized shear bands or conjugate bands. The evolution of porosity is closely associated with the incremental strain components of dilation, contraction, and shear, with dominant strain mechanisms shifting in different types of rocks under varying confinement levels.
PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS
(2022)