Review
Immunology
Elisa Jentho, Sebastian Weis
Summary: The ability to remember previous encounters with pathogens was considered a key feature of the adaptive immune system for a long time, but recent evidence shows that the innate immune system also possesses memory features. This memory is mediated by reorganization of chromatin landscape and adaptations of myelopoiesis. Damage-associated molecular patterns can also induce innate immune memory, potentially through the same receptors and pathways responsible for pathogen-associated innate immune training.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Megan V. C. Barnes, Peter J. M. Openshaw, Ryan S. Thwaites
Summary: Despite decades of research, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-induced bronchiolitis remains a major cause of infant hospitalization with no vaccines or specific therapies currently available. Recent studies have shown the role of Type-2 immune responses in RSV disease and suggest that it dampens Type-1 antiviral immunity. Other immunoregulatory pathways implicated in RSV disease highlight the importance of localized mucosal responses in the respiratory mucosa.
Article
Immunology
Peter F. Wright, Alejandra C. Prevost-Reilly, Harini Natarajan, Elizabeth B. Brickley, Ruth Connor, Wendy F. Wieland-Alter, Anna S. Miele, Joshua A. Weiner, Robert D. Nerenz, Margaret E. Ackerman
Summary: Respiratory/mucosal and serum/systemic antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection are distinct host defense mechanisms influenced by age, severity of illness, and immunoglobulin class. Stimulation of respiratory immunity is crucial for SARS-CoV-2 vaccines aiming to limit transmission.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Review
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Jie Peng, Yimei Tang, Yanhua Huang
Summary: The composition of the pig intestinal flora and the characteristics of intestinal mucosal immunity are closely related, with imbalances potentially leading to compromised health. Understanding the interaction between intestinal microorganisms and the mucosal immune system is crucial for maintaining overall well-being.
Review
Immunology
Victor Araujo Correa, Amanda Izeli Portilho, Elizabeth De Gaspari
Summary: Vaccines are crucial in controlling infectious diseases, but most vaccines are not effective in providing mucosal protection. More research is needed to develop vaccines that can elicit mucosal immunity and provide protection at the first site of contact with pathogens.
Review
Immunology
Modupe O. Coker, Cristiana Cairo, Alfredo Garzino-Demo
Summary: HIV-infected individuals on ART are at a higher risk for oral pathologies due to changes in oral microbial communities, which may lead to increased susceptibility to inflammation. Further research is needed to understand how interventions targeting inflammation and microbial diversity can mitigate these comorbidities.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Renee W. Y. Chan, Shaojun Liu, Jonathan Y. Cheung, Joseph G. S. Tsun, Kate C. Chan, Kathy Y. Y. Chan, Genevieve P. G. Fung, Albert M. Li, Hugh Simon Lam
Summary: Comirnaty vaccine induces mucosal IgA and IgG responses with neutralizing activity, while CoronaVac vaccine primarily induces IgG responses in plasma, demonstrating differences in immune response between the two vaccine platforms.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Loreto Gesualdo, Vincenzo Di Leo, Rosanna Coppo
Summary: The pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy may be associated with mucosal immunity, microbiota, genetic factors, food antigens, infections, and mucosal immune response. Potential therapies targeting microbes and mucosal hyperresponsiveness in IgAN patients are currently being evaluated.
SEMINARS IN IMMUNOPATHOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Xin-yu You, Han-yu Zhang, Xu Han, Fang Wang, Peng-wei Zhuang, Yan-jun Zhang
Summary: Interactions between nerves, immune cells, gut microbes, and various receptors play crucial roles in regulating intestinal inflammation and improving mucosal barrier function, which are important therapeutic targets for many diseases.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Denise Fiorelli, Beatrice Francavilla, Andrea Magrini, Stefano Di Girolamo, Sergio Bernardini, Marzia Nuccetelli
Summary: The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of two diagnostic immunoassays for COVID-19 (ELISA for IgA-S1 and chemiluminescent assay for IgG-RBD) on serum, saliva, and nasal secretions. Data demonstrate that the developed method can provide accurate and reliable results for the detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 mucosal specific antibodies (IgA-S1 and IgG-RBD) on saliva and nasal secretions, either after COVID-19 infection or in vaccinated subjects.
INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Yu Feng Shang, Yi Yang Shen, Meng Chen Zhang, Min Chao Lv, Tong Ying Wang, Xue Qun Chen, Jun Lin
Summary: Saliva production and secretion are essential functions of the salivary glands, with multiple functions including moistening, digestion, mineralization, lubrication, and mucosal protection. Saliva undergoes dynamic changes in its chemical and physical properties during physiological and pathophysiological processes. The central nervous system regulates salivary secretion and function through various neurotransmitters and neuroreceptors. Salivary glands play a crucial role in innate and adaptive immunity and protection, and saliva contains potential biomarkers for monitoring and predicting health and disease in clinical practice and precision medicine.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Raphael Charchar Campos Alves, Railson Oliveira Ferreira, Deborah Ribeiro Frazao, Yago Gecy de Souza Ne, Paulo Fernando Santos Mendes, Guido Maranon-Vasquez, Luiz Fernando Freire Royes, Nathalia Carolina Fernandes Fagundes, Lucianne Cople Maia, Rafael Rodrigues Lima
Summary: This systematic review evaluated the effects of physical exercise on oxidative stress in saliva. The findings suggest that exercise may increase oxidative stress and antioxidant activity in saliva, but there is heterogeneity and inconsistency among studies.
Article
Immunology
Albert van Dijk, Jennifer Anten, Anne Bakker, Noah Evers, Anna T. Hoekstra, Jung-Chin Chang, Maaike R. Scheenstra, Edwin J. A. Veldhuizen, Mihai G. Netea, Celia R. Berkers, Henk P. Haagsman
Summary: The study demonstrates that host defense peptides can induce trained immunity, enhancing the cells' resistance to infection. This trained immunity is influenced by epigenetic regulation and depends on multiple signaling pathways for its effects.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Fisheries
Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar, Zohreh Fazelan, Mahsan Bayani, Morteza Yousefi, Hien Van Doan, Metin Yazici
Summary: This study investigated the effects of consuming Halopithys incurva, a red macroalgae species, on the immune system, antioxidant system, and gene expression in zebrafish. The results showed that feeding H. incurva increased protein, immunoglobulin, and lysozyme activities in the serum and mucus of the fish. Additionally, antioxidant enzyme activities were increased while levels of malondialdehyde were decreased. The expression of immune-related genes was upregulated by the addition of H. incurva. Overall, this study suggests that adding H. incurva to the diets of commercially farmed fish can enhance their immune and antioxidant defenses.
FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yosuke Maruyama, Tomoaki Seki, Seiichi Ando, Hiroki Tanabe, Hitoshi Mori
Summary: High-intensity exercise can suppress local and systemic immunity, as indicated by the decreased expression of immunoglobulin in saliva after a half-marathon. This study provides evidence for the transient oral immunosuppression following exercise.
Article
Engineering, Industrial
Alexandre Moreira, Luciane Moscaleski, Daniel Gomes da Silva Machado, Marom Bikson, Gozde Unal, Paul S. Bradley, Thais Cevada, Fabiana Tenorio Gomes da Silva, Abrahao F. Baptista, Edgard Morya, Alexandre Hideki Okano
Summary: This study examined the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on cognitive and shooting performances in professional female basketball players. The results showed that anodal tDCS did not provide additional benefits in reducing the negative effects of prolonged cognitive demands on technical performance compared to the sham condition.
Article
Sport Sciences
Juliano Fernandes da Silva, Anderson Santiago Teixeira, Jolmerson de Carvalho, Paulo Do Nascimento Salvador, Carlo Castagna, Arthur Pereira Ventura, Jose Francisco de Sousa Neto Segundo, Luiz Guilherme Antonacci Guglielmo, Ricardo Dantas de Lucas
Summary: This study aimed to examine the differences in physical match activities and heart rate responses experienced by Brazilian field referees and assistant referees during official matches from different championships. The findings revealed that referees and assistant referees in Serie A and Serie B had higher intensity activities and covered greater distances compared to Regional championships. Additionally, there were variations in the distances covered and heart rate responses during half-matches. Overall, the study highlights the importance of specific preparation for referees and assistant referees in Regional championships to meet the higher physical demands at higher competition levels.
SCIENCE AND MEDICINE IN FOOTBALL
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Blair T. Crewther, Martin Hecht, Rachel L. Grillot, Adar B. Eisenbruch, Tikal Catena, Neill Potts, Liam P. Kilduff, Christian J. Cook, Dario Maestripieri, James R. Roney
Summary: Day-to-day coordination of the stress and reproductive axes is essential for allostatic regulation, reproductive success, and survival. This study used a continuous-time model to investigate the within-person coupling of testosterone and cortisol in two male cohorts. The findings revealed a negative lagged effect of cortisol on testosterone that lasted for around three days.
PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Ivone Carneiro, Peter Krustrup, Carlo Castagna, Magni Mohr, Jose Magalhaes, Rita Pereira, Rute Santos, Sandra Martins, Joao Tiago Guimaraes, Eduardo Coelho, Susana Povoas
Summary: This study aimed to examine the dose-response of a recreational team handball exercise-based programme on cardiometabolic health and physical fitness in inactive middle-aged-to-elderly males without TH experience. The results showed that performing three 60-minute team handball exercise sessions per week can improve aerobic performance in middle-aged-to-elderly men, and it is more effective than training with a lower weekly frequency.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SPORT SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Rita Pereira, Peter Krustrup, Carlo Castagna, Eduardo Coelho, Eva Wulff Helge, Niklas Rye Jorgensen, Carolina Vila-Cha, Sandra Martins, Joao Tiago Guimaraes, Jose Magalhaes, Susana Povoas
Summary: A multicomponent exercise training protocol (recreational team handball training) has long-term positive effects on global health status in inactive postmenopausal women. After 36 weeks of training, participants in the exercise group showed improvements in cardiovascular, bone, metabolic health, body composition, and physical fitness markers.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SPORT SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Andrea Riboli, Carlo Castagna
Summary: This study compared the locomotor demands of different training drills and the official match peak. It found that certain training drills, such as individual positional drills, super-SSGs, SSGs with rules modifications, and running drills, had similar or higher locomotor demands compared to the official match. On the other hand, technical-tactical drills and SSGs showed lower locomotor demands than the official match.
JOURNAL OF SPORTS SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Fabrizio Perroni, Carlo Castagna, Stefano Amatori, Erica Gobbi, Mario Vetrano, Vincenzo Visco, Laura Guidetti, Carlo Baldari, Marco Bruno Luigi Rocchi, Davide Sisti
Summary: This study used exploratory factor analysis to assess the fitness performance of youth football players. The results showed that physical performance, training status, and anthropometric characteristics are important factors in evaluating youth football players.
JOURNAL OF STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Fernanda Santos Lima, Alexandre Moreira, Raul Cosme Ramos Prado, Joana Pereira de Carvalho-Ferreira, Veridiana Vera de Rosso, Luciane Aparecida Moscaleski, Alexandre Okano, Valeria Leme Gonsalves Panissa
Summary: This study investigated the acute effect of a-tDCS over the left DLPFC on appetite, energy intake, food preferences, and mood states in women with premenstrual syndrome. The results showed no significant effects of a-tDCS, but provided valuable insights for future studies.
PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Susana Povoas, Peter Krustrup, Carlo Castagna
Summary: The criterion validity and sensitivity of heart-rate recovery (HRRec) in profiling cardiorespiratory fitness were examined in male recreational football players. The results showed that HRRec is not a reliable indicator of cardiorespiratory fitness and training status in this population.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Seifeddine Brini, Daniel Boullosa, Julio Calleja-Gonzalez, Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo, Hadi Nobari, Carlo Castagna, Filipe Manuel Clemente, Luca Paolo Ardigo
Summary: Multidirectional jumping and repeated sprint ability are crucial factors in basketball performance. This study aimed to investigate the effects of basketball-specific combined training programs compared to plyometric training on neuromuscular performance and body balance adaptations. The results showed that the combined drop jump and multidirectional repeated sprint training program led to significant improvements in neuromuscular performance, body balance, and change of direction ability in professional basketball players.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ivone Carneiro, Peter Krustrup, Carlo Castagna, Rita Pereira, Susana Povoas
Summary: This study examined the physical and physiological demands and perceived experience of recreational team handball for middle-aged/elderly men and women, comparing same- vs. mixed-gender 6v6 game formats. The results showed that mixed-gender matches are more demanding for women in terms of heart rate and physical exertion, while same-gender matches require higher cardiovascular and activity profile demands for men. However, team handball is a high-intensity and motivating exercise mode for both genders, regardless of the gender game format.
Article
Psychology, Experimental
Paulo Henrique Borges, Julio Cesar da Costa, Luiz Fernando Ramos-Silva, Felipe A. Moura, Helio Serassuelo Junior, Alexandre Moreira, Gibson Moreira Praca, Enio Ricardo Vaz Ronque
Summary: This study aimed to analyze the relationships between bone age and body size indicators of young soccer players and the centrality measures of their pass interactions. The results showed that U-13 players with larger body size and higher bone age exhibited stronger centrality in passing actions.
PERCEPTUAL AND MOTOR SKILLS
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Leonardo de Sousa Fortes, Bruno T. T. Barbosa, Arnaldo l. L. Mortatti, Alexandre Moreira, Maria E. C. Ferreira
Summary: The objective of this study was to examine the impact of mental fatigue caused by playing videogames before matches on decision-making performance in professional soccer players during a congested match schedule. Sixteen players participated in this study and performed four simulated soccer matches with 24-hour intervals. The results showed that playing videogames prior to matches impaired decision-making response time, but did not significantly affect decision-making accuracy.
CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Malte Nejst Larsen, Alessia Terracciano, Trine Kjeldgaard Moller, Charlotte Sandager Aggestrup, Pasqualina Buono, Peter Krustrup, Carlo Castagna
Summary: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the 11 for Health programme on musculoskeletal fitness. The results showed that after participating in an 11-week football training sessions, the intervention group had significantly increased leg bone density and lean body mass, as well as decreased body fat percentage. In addition, their performance in the balance test also improved. In conclusion, the 11 for Health programme can improve musculoskeletal fitness in 10-12-year-old Danish school children.
Article
Sport Sciences
Ivone Carneiro, Peter Krustrup, Carlo Castagna, Rita Pereira, Niklas Rye Jorgensen, Eduardo Coelho, Susana Povoas
Summary: The study aimed to analyze the effects of different weekly exercise volumes on the bone health, body composition, and physical fitness of inactive middle-to-older-aged males. The results showed that the intervention groups that performed 2-3 weekly training sessions had the greatest improvements in bone health, body composition, and physical fitness.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SPORT SCIENCE
(2023)