Article
Mechanics
Weihan Zhang, Stelios Kyriakides
Summary: This study examines the evolution of localized deformation during unloading and reverse loading using low slenderness steel rods that exhibit Luders banding. The results show that the behavior of the specimen depends on the length of each zone and that the propagation of the Luders zone has a complex three-dimensional profile. The study provides guidance on how to treat Luders banding in structures that undergo loading and reverse loading.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Hongquan Lu, Bin Dong, Junqian Zhang, Chaofeng Lu, Haifei Zhan
Summary: This study investigated the deformation behavior of copper nanowire under coupled tension-torsion loading using atomistic simulations. The results showed that the yielding pattern and dislocation pattern of the nanowire varied with different torsion/tension strain ratios. Additionally, the deformation behavior of the nanowire differed under tension-dominated loading and torsion-dominated loading. These findings have important implications for engineering applications.
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Jun He, Sidong Feng, George Vasdravellis, Haohui Xin, Jose A. F. O. Correia, Filippo Berto
Summary: This study investigates the structural behavior of a demountable 'lockbolt' shear connector (LB-DSC) under combined tension and shear loading through numerical simulations and experimental tests. Design equations are proposed to expand the application of the LB-DSCs in sustainable steel-concrete composite construction.
ENGINEERING FAILURE ANALYSIS
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Ceramics
Stefan Schachner, Shengli Jin, Dietmar Gruber, Harald Harmuth
Summary: This paper investigates the shear creep behavior of ordinary refractory ceramics and proposes an in-house asymmetric creep constitutive model. The results show that the shear creep of ordinary refractory ceramics is significantly different from uniaxial compressive/tensile creep.
CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Sport Sciences
Yosuke Kotani, Jason Lake, Stuart N. Guppy, Wayne Poon, Kazunori Nosaka, G. Gregory Haff
Summary: The aim of this study was to compare the force-time characteristics of squat jumps performed using a Smith machine and free weights. The results showed that there was no fixed or proportional bias between exercise modes when using peak velocity and mean velocity to create the force-velocity profile. However, when calculating the load-velocity profile from mean velocity, there was fixed and proportional bias. Additionally, the free-weight profiles showed poor to good relative reliability and good to poor absolute reliability, while the Smith machine profiles showed poor to moderate relative and absolute reliability.
JOURNAL OF STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Tongthong Songsupap, Robert U. Newton, Chaipat Lawsirirat
Summary: The study aimed to assess the impact of different eccentric braking conditions on weighted jump squat (WJS) power training. The results showed that the condition of 100% braking load reduction with release at touchdown (B100R) could balance injury risk and power production effectively, making it a more favorable loading condition.
JOURNAL OF STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Yangye He, Murilo Augusto Vaz, Marcelo Caire
Summary: Thermoplastic composite pipes are considered as the next riser design generation for offshore oil field development. This study presents theoretical and finite element analyses on the thermoplastic composite pipes under axisymmetric loadings with thermal gradient. Through-thickness failure indexes related to the von Mises and Maximum Stress criteria are evaluated for polymer and laminate layers. The study also investigates the linear response behavior of the thermoplastic composite pipe under isolated mechanical and thermal loadings.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Chenlin Liu, Xue Yang, Yi Ding, Haodong Li, Siqi Wan, Yazhou Guo, Yulong Li
Summary: In this paper, dynamic tension-torsion tests are performed using a newly developed C-THB system, and the initial yielding envelopes at different strain rates are revealed for the first time. Tresca, von Mises, and Hill yield criterion are established and evaluated, and a universal model describing the strain rate hardening of material under complex stress states is proposed. A modified Hill yield criterion for pure copper (TU00) is deduced based on this model, which fits well with the experimental yielding envelope at different strain rates.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Prodip Kumar Sarkar, Nilanjan Mitra
Summary: This study investigates the stress-strain curve variations of Portlandite mineral under different compressive loading conditions, providing explanations from the perspective of molecular structure deformations. Changes in bond order and partial atomic charges were calculated and compared with the observed stress-strain curves.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Mahabubur Rahman, Huijuan Zhao
Summary: Through molecular dynamics simulations, the phase transition mechanism of single-layer and bilayer MoS2 under uniaxial tensile loading at room temperature is studied. It is found that phase transitions occur mainly near the edges and vacancies. The T' phase is first initiated to release tensile stress, followed by the initiation of the I4/mmm phase, leading to local buckling of the MoS2 plane. This study provides guidance for strain engineering of MoS2 in nanoelectronics applications.
Article
Biology
Xin Li, Ntwali Adrien, Julien S. Baker, Qichang Mei, Yaodong Gu
Summary: This study found that novice women have larger range of joint motion and higher joint moments during full-squat, especially at the deepest point of the squat. In half-squat training, novice women may have better movement control.
Article
Engineering, Geological
Sen Wen, Ruizhi Huang, Chunshun Zhang, Xianwei Zhao
Summary: In order to improve the safety and effectiveness of blasting and impact drilling in underground works, it is necessary to thoroughly examine the dynamic tension of composite rock strata. Cement mortars with varying mix ratios are used to create composite rock-like test blocks, which are then processed into differently sized experimental samples. Dynamic Brazilian splitting tests are conducted on these samples at varying incident angles and strain rates, and the crack propagation modes are recorded. The findings provide insights into the dynamic tensile strength and failure mechanisms of composite rock samples.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROCK MECHANICS AND MINING SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Norbert Vita, Akanshu Sharma
Summary: This study investigates the behavior of single bonded anchors intercepted by cracks in SFRC and finds that the enhancement of anchor performance in both uncracked and cracked concrete is similar. The relative reduction in stiffness and strength of anchors in cracked compared to uncracked concrete is equivalent in SFRC and in normal concrete. Based on the experimental tests, a new proposal for the concrete cone capacity of anchors in cracked SFRC is suggested.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2021)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Maksim A. Kalutskii, Timur R. Galimzyanov, Konstantin Pinigin
Summary: This study presents a more accurate calculation method for elastic parameters by considering a global incompressibility condition and discovering an important correction to the theory proposed by Campelo et al. Moreover, a relationship between the Gaussian curvature modulus and the bending modulus is found, indicating that these two elastic parameters are not independent. The proposed algorithm is applied to membranes composed of DPPC, DOPC, and their mixture, leading to the determination of various elastic parameters.
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Mingpo Zheng, Zhifeng Liu, Magd Abdel Wahab, Xing Yan, Wentao Chen, Chao Li
Summary: The influence of various factors on the mechanical properties of bolted joints was investigated using finite element analysis. Different analysis steps were considered to simulate the actual assembly and loading process. The results showed different stages of performance under transverse loading, which agrees with previous experimental results. The force-displacement curves provided parameters for characterizing the mechanical properties of the bolted joint.
TRIBOLOGY INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Rehabilitation
Manonita Ghosh, Kaoru Nosaka, Lisa Whitehead, Kazunori Nosaka
Summary: This study used a Delphi method to identify key elements for measuring patient acceptance of stroke neurorehabilitation, including goal setting, measurable progress, functional improvement, challenging aspects, motivation, interaction, communication with health professionals, treatment knowledge, and absence of risks. Experts confirmed the importance of patient acceptance in developing appropriate neurorehabilitation interventions. Future clinical trials should consider these elements when evaluating patient acceptance of stroke neurorehabilitation interventions.
DISABILITY AND REHABILITATION
(2022)
Article
Sport Sciences
Shigeru Sato, Riku Yoshida, Fu Murakoshi, Yuto Sasaki, Kaoru Yahata, Kazunori Nosaka, Masatoshi Nakamura
Summary: The study compared the effects of 3-s isometric maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), concentric MVC, and eccentric MVC on muscle strength and thickness. It found that performing one 3-s MVC a day can increase muscle strength, with eccentric MVC producing more potent effects than isometric or concentric MVC.
SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS
(2022)
Article
Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism
Victor Alvino Souza, Renan Vieira Barreto, Guilherme Beneduzzi Mantovani, Camila Coelho Greco, Benedito Sergio Denadai, Kazunori Nosaka, Leonardo Coelho Rabello Lima
Summary: After performing loaded resistance exercise, known as post-activation performance enhancement (PAPE), explosive performance is increased. This study investigated the effects of plyometric exercise on sedentary young men and found that PAPE disappeared after plyometric exercise induced minor muscle damage, but counter movement jump (CMJ) height increased during the recovery period, exhibiting a priming effect.
RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Trevor Chung-Ching Chen, Hsing-Yu Kang, Wei-Chin Tseng, Shih-Che Lin, Chuan-Wei Chan, Hsin-Lian Chen, Tai-Ying Chou, Hung-Hao Wang, Wing Yin Lau, Kazunori Nosaka
Summary: The study demonstrated that a 3-week immobilization made muscles more vulnerable to muscle damage induced by maximal eccentric exercise. The immobilization group experienced greater muscle damage after the eccentric exercise compared to the control group, supporting the hypothesis that immobilization increases susceptibility to muscle damage.
SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Trevor C. C. Chen, Yuh-Chuan Huang, Tai-Ying Chou, Sheng-Tsung Hsu, Mei-Yen Chen, Kazunori Nosaka
Summary: The study aimed to investigate the effects of FIR lamp therapy on muscle damage and proprioception after eccentric exercise. 24 sedentary women were assigned to a FIR or sham treatment group and performed maximal eccentric contractions. The results showed that the FIR condition had smaller changes in measures of muscle damage and proprioception compared to the sham condition, suggesting the effectiveness of FIR lamp therapy in accelerating recovery.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SPORT SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Ricardo N. O. Mesquita, Christopher Latella, Cassio V. Ruas, Kazunori Nosaka, Janet L. Taylor
Summary: The study compared different formulas used to estimate muscle contraction velocity (Vc) assessed by tensiomyography. The reliability, required minimum number of trials, proportional bias, and effects of joint angle were investigated. The results showed that formulas 1 (0-2 mm of displacement) and 5 (normalized to 10-90% of maximal displacement) had higher reliability. A minimum of 6-7 trials was required for reliable estimates. The study also found that Vc was faster at shorter muscle lengths for all formulas except formula 5. Different formulas should not be used interchangeably and more precise nomenclature is needed to describe the information obtained from each formula.
JOURNAL OF STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Sport Sciences
James L. Nuzzo, Matheus D. Pinto, Kazunori Nosaka
Summary: Since the 1970s, researchers have been studying the potential difference in muscle fatigue between maximal eccentric and concentric resistance exercise. Our paper aimed to review studies comparing acute changes in muscle strength after bouts of these exercises. We identified 30 relevant studies, which showed that both exercises caused significant strength loss, but the loss was less in lower-body muscles during eccentric exercise. We also found evidence of similar strength loss in the eccentric and concentric phases during coupled exercises.
SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
James L. Nuzzo, Matheus D. Pinto, Kazunori Nosaka
Summary: Connected adaptive resistance exercise (CARE) machines are new technology that can adjust resistance exercise loads in response to muscle fatigue. This study found that different protocols of maximal effort bicep curl exercise on a CARE machine can effectively induce muscle fatigue, with women being more sensitive to fatigue in the eccentric phase and men being more sensitive to fatigue in the concentric phase.
SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
James L. Nuzzo, Matheus D. Pinto, Kazunori Nosaka
Summary: Eccentric resistance exercise and its potential benefits have attracted the interest of researchers and practitioners in the past years, but its delivery has been challenging due to equipment limitations. This paper introduces the concept of connected adaptive resistance exercise (CARE) technology, which adjusts resistance in real time based on the individual's force, and explores its potential to improve the delivery of eccentric resistance exercise in various settings. The use of CARE technology has implications for sports medicine, physiotherapy, exercise physiology, and strength and conditioning, but further investigations are needed to assess its impact on participation and clinical outcomes.
Review
Sport Sciences
James L. Nuzzo, Matheus D. Pinto, Kazunori Nosaka, James Steele
Summary: For decades, researchers have noted that eccentric muscle strength is greater than concentric muscle strength. This study aimed to determine the magnitude of the ECC:CON ratio in human skeletal muscle and investigate the impact of sex, age, joint actions/exercises, and movement velocity. The results showed that the ECC:CON ratio was 1.41 on average, with slight differences between men (1.38) and women (1.47) and greater ratios in older adults (1.62) compared to younger adults (1.39). The ratio varied across joint actions/exercises and was most affected by movement velocity.
Article
Physiology
Riku Yoshida, Kazuki Kasahara, Yuta Murakami, Shigeru Sato, Midori Tanaka, Kazunori Nosaka, Masatoshi Nakamura
Summary: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether muscle strength would still increase when the frequency of 3-s maximal eccentric contraction training was reduced to 2 or 3 days per week. The results suggest that at least three days per week of training are necessary for increasing muscle strength, and more frequent sessions in a week (e.g., 5 days) appear to induce greater increases in muscle strength.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Tomoko Koeda, Georgios Mavropalias, Kazue Mizumura, Kimiaki Katanosaka, Kazunori Nosaka
Summary: This study suggests that an increase in NGF is associated with the development of DOMS in humans.
SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Trevor C. Chen, Hsin-Lian Chen, Wei-Chin Tseng, Tai-Ying Chou, Jui-Hung Tu, Allen C. Parcell, Kazunori Nosaka
Summary: The present study compared the effects of ipsilateral and contralateral repeated bouts of exercise on the elbow and knee flexor muscles, and found that the protective effect was similar between the two muscle groups.
SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS
(2023)
Review
Sport Sciences
James L. Nuzzo, Matheus D. Pinto, Kazunori Nosaka, James Steele
Summary: The maximal number of repetitions that can be completed at various percentages of 1RM is an important factor in resistance exercise programming. This study conducted a meta-regression analysis to estimate the mean and standard deviation of repetitions at different percentages of 1RM, and explored the potential moderating effects of sex, age, training status, and exercise type. The findings suggest that the relationship between repetitions and %1RM is best described by natural cubic splines and a linear model. The bench press and leg press exercises showed different results, requiring separate tables for repetitions. Overall, little influence of sex, age, or training status on the relationship between repetitions and %1RM was found.
Article
Biology
Matheus Daros Pinto, Kazunori Nosaka, James M. Wakeling, Anthony J. Blazevich
Summary: This study investigated how the differences in fascicle and muscle length calculation methods affect the magnitude of muscle gear, and whether these differences have implications for comparative physiology in animals and humans. The results showed that the gear magnitude varied depending on the calculation method used, particularly the changes in muscle length.