Journal
PLANT PATHOLOGY
Volume 64, Issue 4, Pages 980-987Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/ppa.12332
Keywords
Fusarium asiaticum; nivalenol; Oryza sativa; trichothecene
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Funding
- Programa de Pos-graduacao em Fitotecnia of the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)
- Conselho Nacional de desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq)
- USDA-ARS National Program for Food Safety
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This study aimed to assess the extent and distribution of Fusarium graminearum species complex (FGSC) diversity in rice seeds produced in southern Brazil. Four species and two trichothecene genotypes were detected among 89 FGSC isolates, based on a multilocus genotyping assay: F.asiaticum (696%) with the nivalenol (NIV) genotype, F.graminearum (146%) with the 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (ADON) genotype, and F.cortaderiae (146%) and F.meridionale (11%), both with the NIV genotype. Seven selected F.asiaticum isolates from rice produced NIV in rice-based substrate in vitro, at levels ranging from 47 to 841gg(-1). Similarly, two F.graminearum isolates from rice produced mainly 15-ADON (c.15-41gg(-1)) and a smaller amount of 3-ADON (c.6-12gg(-1)). One F.meridionale and two F.cortaderiae isolates did not produce detectable levels of trichothecenes. Two F.asiaticum isolates from rice and two from wheat (from a previous study), and one F.graminearum isolate from wheat, were pathogenic to both crops at various levels of aggressiveness based on measures of disease severity in wheat spikes and rice kernel infection in a greenhouse assay. Fusarium asiaticum and the reference F.graminearum isolate from wheat produced NIV, and deoxynivalenol and acetylates, respectively, in the kernels of inoculated wheat heads. No trichothecene was produced in kernels from inoculated rice panicles by any of the isolates. These findings constitute the first report of FGSC composition in rice outside Asia, and confirm the dominance of F.asiaticum in rice agroecosystems.
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