Journal
JOURNAL OF SOL-GEL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Volume 61, Issue 1, Pages 175-178Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s10971-011-2607-4
Keywords
Titanium dioxide; Spin coating; Fe-doping; Mn-doping; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; Optical indirect band gap
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Funding
- Australian Research Council
- UNSW node of the Australian Microscopy & Microanalysis Research Facility (AMMRF)
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Thin films of TiO2 doped with Fe and Mn were deposited on F-doped SnO2-coated glass by spin coating. Dopant concentrations of 3-7 wt% (metal basis) were used. The structural, chemical, and optical characteristics of the films were investigated. Laser Raman microspectroscopy and glancing angle X-ray diffraction data showed that the films consisted of the anatase polymorph of TiO2. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy data indicated the presence of Fe3+, Mn4+, and Mn3+ in the doped films, as predicted by calculated thermodynamic stability diagrams, and the occurrence of atomic disorder and associated structural distortion. Ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry data showed that the optical indirect band gap of the films decreased significantly with increasing dopant levels, from 3.36 eV (undoped) to 2.95 eV (7 wt% Fe) and 2.90 eV (7 wt% Mn). These improvements are attributed to single (Fe) or multiple (Mn) shallow electron/hole trapping sites associated with the dopant ions.
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