Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Melissa J. Alldred, Alessandra C. Martini, David Patterson, James Hendrix, Ann-Charlotte Granholm
Summary: Down syndrome is a form of accelerated aging due to the overexpression of multiple genes on Chromosome 21, leading to a predisposition to aging-related conditions and significant accumulation of abnormalities in the brain. This review highlights the major advancements in research over the past few decades, current research status, and essential areas for future studies, as well as discussing comorbidities and clinical research efforts in the United States and Europe. The review also addresses funding efforts and recent recommendations to the NIH regarding research on Down syndrome.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Nader Hejrati, Karlo Pedro, Mohammed Ali Alvi, Ayesha Quddusi, Michael G. Fehlings
Summary: Degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) includes age-related and genetically associated pathologies affecting the cervical spine. The RECODE-DCM consensus group has identified ten priority areas for translational research to improve the management and treatment of DCM. This article summarizes recent advancements in the field, including a refined definition, understanding of pathophysiology, assessment and diagnosis methods, treatment modalities, and genetic research opportunities.
ACTA NEUROCHIRURGICA
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zuming Zhang, Zihui Xu, Fa Yuan, Kangxin Jin, Mengqing Xiang
Summary: This article discusses the historical background of retinal organoid technology, current methods of organoid induction, obstacles and potential solutions for next-generation retinal organoids, research progress in cell/tissue transplantation to treat retinal diseases, and the pros and cons of transplanting single-cell suspension versus retinal organoid sheet for cell therapies.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Chayakrit Krittanawong, Johao Escobar, Hafeez Ul Hassan Virk, Mahboob Alam, Nedaa Skeik, Umberto Campia, Peter K. Henke, Samin Sharma
Summary: Lower extremity peripheral artery and upper extremity artery disease are significant vascular conditions that require timely diagnosis and treatment. Lower extremity peripheral artery is associated with worse cardiovascular events, but is often overlooked. Upper extremity artery disease can have multiple causes, not just atherosclerosis. Increased awareness and early intervention can reduce complications and improve patient outcomes.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Rachel J. J. Stephenson, Istvan Toth
Summary: Cocaine is a widely used illegal drug that has significant medical and social consequences. The lack of effective pharmacological treatments has led to the development of anti-cocaine vaccines. Despite years of research, no approved pharmacological treatments exist to help individuals overcome cocaine addiction or prevent relapse.
JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Nursing
Barbara Riegel, Sandra B. Dunbar, Donna Fitzsimons, Kenneth E. Freedland, Christopher S. Lee, Sandy Middleton, Anna Stromberg, Ercole Vellone, David E. Webber, Tiny Jaarsma
Summary: This article discusses the importance and objectives of self-care research, proposes a future research agenda, and shares the vision and mission of a research center dedicated to self-care. It emphasizes the importance of addressing challenges in self-care and strategies to tackle knowledge gaps.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NURSING STUDIES
(2021)
Review
Oncology
Albert Jang, David M. Adler, Grant P. Rauterkus, Mehmet A. Bilen, Pedro C. Barata
Summary: Genitourinary malignancies encompass various cancers along the urinary and male reproductive tracts. Traditional immunotherapies have shown success in treating certain types of these cancers, while immune checkpoint inhibitors have emerged as a more precise method to enhance the immune system's ability to fight tumor cells. Despite promising data from clinical trials, there is still limited understanding of biomarkers that can predict response to these inhibitors, and the efficacy of ICIs varies across different tumor types in the genitourinary system.
Review
Immunology
Shruti Srivastava, Sajal Dey, Sangita Mukhopadhyay
Summary: Tuberculosis (TB) is a major cause of death, killing over 30,000 people per week and surpassing other infectious diseases like AIDS and malaria. TB treatment is affected by factors such as ineffective drugs, lack of advanced vaccines, misdiagnosis, improper treatment, and social stigma. Different vaccine strategies have been employed, including protein subunit vaccines, viral vector vaccines, whole-cell inactivation vaccines, and recombinant BCG vaccines. Currently, there are approximately 19 vaccine candidates in clinical trials. Advanced vaccines that generate heterologous immune responses are needed to enhance long-lasting immunity against both drug-sensitive and drug-resistant TB.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Neda Rahimian, Hamid Reza Miraei, Atefeh Amiri, Mohammad Saeid Ebrahimi, Javid Sadri Nahand, Hossein Tarrahimofrad, Michael R. Hamblin, Haroon Khan, Hamed Mirzaei
Summary: Therapeutic vaccines are effective in treating cancer at later stages, with the recent approval of the first therapeutic cancer vaccine by the FDA. Further studies are expected to lead to the development of vaccines with improved efficacy.
PHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Review
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Ozkan Gungor, Sena Ulu, Nuri Baris Hasbal, Stefan D. Anker, Kamyar Kalantar-Zadeh
Summary: Sarcopenia, a condition characterized by accelerated loss of muscle mass and function, is a major focus of research due to its impact on health-related quality of life and mortality. Hormonal imbalances, such as low testosterone levels and vitamin D deficiency, are common findings in patients with CKD and may contribute to the development of sarcopenia.
JOURNAL OF CACHEXIA SARCOPENIA AND MUSCLE
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Ruediger Gross, Alexander Kleger
Summary: As emerging clinical analyses suggest an increased risk of new-onset diabetes following COVID-19, a causal link and underlying mechanisms are yet to be established. Persistence of hyperglycaemia after disease regression and the potential infection of non-pancreatic tissue are adding another layer of complexity to the relationship between COVID-19 and diabetes mellitus.
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Swaminath Bharadwaj, Bart-Jan Niebuur, Katja Nothdurft, Walter Richtering, Nico F. A. van der Vegt, Christine M. Papadakis
Summary: Cononsolvency is an intriguing phenomenon where a polymer collapses in a mixture of good solvents. It has been widely observed in different systems and has applications in various fields. In the past decade, there has been a renewed interest in understanding the molecular mechanisms driving cononsolvency.
Editorial Material
Cell Biology
Md Mobashir Hasan Shandhi, Jessilyn P. Dunn
Summary: Advancements in AI have enabled personalized healthcare by investigating disease origins at the genetic or molecular level, understanding individual drug effects, and integrating multi-modal personal data to uncover new aspects of pathophysiology. Future efforts should focus on addressing equity, fairness, explainability, and generalizability of AI models.
CELL REPORTS MEDICINE
(2022)
Editorial Material
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Xi Wang, Xuchen Zhang
Summary: This article provides updated information on the clinical, pathological, and molecular features of different subtypes of hepatocellular adenoma (HCA), with a focus on the development of a phenotype-genotype classification system to identify high-risk subtypes and improve clinical management.
WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2022)
Review
Peripheral Vascular Disease
John W. Funder, Robert M. Carey
Summary: Primary aldosteronism, the most common secondary form of hypertension, may have a higher prevalence than previously estimated. The screening rate for primary aldosteronism is currently low, and more research is needed to explore screening and treatment methods.
