Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Julian B. Wilson, Ma'ayan Epstein, Briana Lopez, Amira K. Brown, Kabirullah Lutfy, Theodore C. Friedman
Summary: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and depression are significant public health and socioeconomic issues, with high co-occurrence rates. This review explores how T2DM and depression interact through shared molecular pathways, affecting brain structure, function, and reward. Treating the symptoms of T2DM without addressing these underlying pathways may not be effective, and targeting immune system, stress circuit, melatonin, and other alterations could offer more promising approaches.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Marcos Antonio Lopez-Patino, Arleta Krystyna Skrzynska, Fatemeh Naderi, Juan Miguel Mancera, Jesus Manuel Miguez, Juan Antonio Martos-Sitcha
Summary: Chronic stress exposure, such as high stocking density and food deprivation, enhanced the stress response parameters in gilthead sea bream juveniles. The monoaminergic activities in different brain regions helped to reorganize the physiological response to the challenges applied, suggesting a role of brain monoaminergic activity in orchestrating the endocrine response to chronic stress in fish.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Laoise Casserly, Daniel R. Garton, Ana Montano-Rodriguez, Jaan-Olle Andressoo
Summary: The increase in presynaptic striatal dopamine is the main abnormality observed in schizophrenia. The treatment of schizophrenia mainly focuses on modulating the activity of dopamine and serotonin receptors. Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is a strong dopaminergic factor that has been found to be correlated with schizophrenia. The researchers analyzed the effects of methamphetamine on Gdnf and its receptors in the mouse brain, and found that acute methamphetamine increases Gdnf expression while chronic methamphetamine decreases the expression of GDNF receptors. Methamphetamine treatment also upregulates the expression of genes related to dopamine and serotonin metabolism. These findings provide insights into the mechanism by which methamphetamine increases the risk of psychosis, and may guide future development of precision medicine for methamphetamine-induced psychosis using GDNF/GFRa1/RET antagonists.
Review
Immunology
Tiziana Carandini, Mara Cercignani, Daniela Galimberti, Elio Scarpini, Marco Bozzali
Summary: Dopamine, noradrenaline, and serotonin play crucial roles in the interaction between the nervous and immune systems by binding to cell-receptors and regulating their function. Dysregulation of monoamines may contribute to fatigue and depression in Multiple Sclerosis, with potential for targeted drug treatments.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Getulio Nicola Bressan, Paola Magro Cardoso, Juliane Reckziegel, Roselei Fachinetto
Summary: This study investigated the role of monoamines (dopamine and serotonin) in the response to thermal nociceptive stimuli in Drosophila melanogaster. The results showed that monoamines play an important role in the thermal tolerance and avoidance of noxious heat in flies. Inhibitors of dopamine and serotonin receptors decreased heat tolerance and avoidance behavior in Drosophila melanogaster. These findings suggest that monoamines, particularly serotonin, are associated with the impaired avoidance of noxious heat and reduction of heat tolerance in flies.
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Samantha Klaas, Jessica Barbut Siva, Maarten Bak, Mark Govers, Rudy Schreiber
Summary: Although PSSD has been recognized as a medical condition, it is still largely unknown and under-diagnosed. This study aims to understand the symptomatology, mechanisms, and treatment options of PSSD through a design thinking approach. Insights from a targeted patient's needs and pains were used to generate new ideas, which informed a literature search on potential pathophysiological mechanisms.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2023)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Kevin Lancon, Philippe Seguela
Summary: Chronic pain is a global burden with limited treatment options. Its intractable nature is due to the multifaceted nature of pain itself and a lack of understanding of the physiological mechanisms underlying its initiation and maintenance. Normalizing dysregulated nociceptive pathways is crucial for developing novel non-opioid analgesic approaches. The anterior cingulate cortex plays a significant role in pain modulation and is associated with abnormal activity and impaired cognitive functions in chronic pain conditions.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
Yuen-Fann Ng, Celeste Yan-Teng Chen, Gerald Teck-Heng Chia, Brendan Bryan Jen-Wei Tan, Ling-Ling Chan, Eng-King Tan
Summary: Sexual dysfunction is a common non-motor symptom in Parkinson's disease (PD), affecting the quality of life for both patients and their partners. Factors such as advanced age, gender, hormone deficiency, neuropsychiatric and medical comorbidities contribute to sexual dysfunction in PD. Various therapies, both pharmacological and nonpharmacological, have been suggested to improve sexual dysfunction, with evidence-based treatment available for erectile dysfunction (ED).
AGEING RESEARCH REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Rachna Manek, Yao V. Zhang, Patricia Berthelette, Mahmud Hossain, Cathleen S. Cornell, Joseph Gans, Gulbenk Anarat-Cappillino, Sarah Geller, Robert Jackson, Dan Yu, Kuldeep Singh, Sue Ryan, Dinesh S. Bangari, Ethan Y. Xu, Sirkka R. M. Kyostio-Moore
Summary: The treatment strategies for phenylketonuria (PKU) include PEG-PAL and rAAV-based PAH gene delivery, both of which lower Phe levels and have therapeutic effects on brain pathology; however, PAL delivery requires dose optimization, does not increase Tyr levels in the brain, and may elicit an immune response; the impact of high Phe levels on liver functions involves changes in lipid metabolism and upregulation of genes related to cholesterol biosynthesis.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
James Glazer, Conor H. Murray, Robin Nusslock, Royce Lee, Harriet de Wit
Summary: Renewed interest in classic psychedelics as treatments for psychiatric disorders warrants a deeper understanding of their neural mechanisms. This study found that low doses of LSD increased reward-related brain activity, which may have important implications for the treatment of depressive disorders.
NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Corine Ekhart, Florence van Hunsel, Peter van Harten, Jeanette van Baarsen, Tan Yingying, Bert Bast
Summary: The study found that a variety of drugs have been associated with the occurrence or recurrence of stuttering, among which antiepileptics, antidepressants, immunosuppressants, antipsychotics, and centrally acting sympathomimetics were the most frequently implicated drug classes.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Vadim E. Tseilikman, Vladislav A. Shatilov, Maxim S. Zhukov, Irina A. Buksha, Alexandr E. Epitashvily, Ilya A. Lipatov, Maxim R. Aristov, Alexandr G. Koshelev, Marina N. Karpenko, Dmitrii S. Traktirov, Viktoriya A. Maistrenko, Mustapha Kamel, Alexey V. Buhler, Elena G. Kovaleva, Tatyana S. Kalinina, Anton A. Pashkov, Vadim V. Kon'kov, Jurica Novak, Olga B. Tseilikman
Summary: Resveratrol supplementation shows promise for the treatment of PTSD, but further research is needed to understand the underlying mechanisms.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Behavioral Sciences
Haimei Li, Alonso Fernandez-Guasti, Yi Xu, Dick Swaab
Summary: According to the neuro-hormonal theory, sexual orientation in humans develops under the influence of sex hormones. Evidence from basic research suggests that neurotransmitters may also play a role in influencing sexual orientation, with changes in neurotransmitter systems during development potentially leading to alterations in sexual preference. This mechanism may contribute to the relationship between non-heterosexual orientation and increased prevalence of neuropsychiatric disorders in humans.
NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Christelle Langley, Sophia Armand, Qiang Luo, George Savulich, Tina Segerberg, Anna Sondergaard, Elisabeth B. Pedersen, Nanna Svart, Oliver Overgaard-Hansen, Annette Johansen, Camilla Borgsted, Rudolf N. Cardinal, Trevor W. Robbins, Dea S. Stenbaek, Gitte M. Knudsen, Barbara J. Sahakian
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the chronic effects of the SSRI escitalopram on cognition in healthy volunteers. The findings revealed that escitalopram decreased reinforcement sensitivity but had no significant impact on "cold" cognition and decision-making ability. These findings suggest that serotonin reuptake inhibition plays a role in reinforcement learning in healthy individuals.
NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Flavio B. Goncalves, Mariana S. A. Garcia-Gomes, Ana Claudia Silva-Sampaio, Thiago B. Kirsten, Eduardo F. Bondan, Thaisa M. Sandini, Jorge C. Florio, Ivo Lebrun, Alex de C. Coque, Sandra R. Alexandre-Ribeiro, Silvia M. G. Massironi, Claudia M. C. Mori, Maria M. Bernardi
Summary: This study explored the development of motor dysfunction in tremor mutant mice and its relationship with levels of GABA, glutamate, glycine, dopamine, serotonin, noradrenaline, and cytokines in the brain. The results showed that motor impairments in the mutant mice were associated with changes in neurotransmitter levels in the cortical, striatal, and cerebellar regions. Reduced inhibitory pathway activity and altered neurotransmitter levels were implicated in the motor disturbances.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2023)