Article
Plant Sciences
Mariano Jordi Muria-Gonzalez, Julie A. Lawrence, Elzette Palmiero, Nola K. D'Souza, Sanjiv Gupta, Simon R. Ellwood
Summary: Spot form net blotch is a significant global disease of barley, and the Baudin cultivar shows minor seedling resistance to it. However, a local isolate called M3 has gained virulence against a major susceptibility gene in Baudin, making it highly susceptible. This susceptibility gene, designated Spm1, maps to a 190-kb section of chromosome 1H.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nathan A. Wyatt, Timothy L. Friesen
Summary: Pyrenophora teres is the causal agent of net blotch, the most devastating foliar disease of barley, with two forms in nature, net form net blotch and spot form net blotch. While 11 P. teres f. teres genomes have been sequenced and stored, only one P. teres f. maculata genome is publicly available. This study presents four additional high-quality P. teres f. maculata full-genome sequences to enhance understanding of the genomic complexities of this important barley pathogen.
MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS
(2021)
Article
Agronomy
Ryan M. Skiba, Nathan A. Wyatt, Gayan K. Kariyawasam, Jason D. Fiedler, Shengming Yang, Robert S. Brueggeman, Timothy L. Friesen
Summary: Pathogen and host genetics were used to uncover an inverse gene-for-gene interaction between the pathogen Pyrenophora teres f. maculata and barley susceptibility genes. This study reveals the complex interaction between spot form net blotch pathogen and barley, which is important for a better understanding of the interaction between plants and pathogens.
THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS
(2022)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Kealan Hassett, Mariano Jordi Muria-Gonzalez, Aleesha Turner, Mark S. McLean, Hugh Wallwork, Anke Martin, Simon R. Ellwood
Summary: Spot form net blotch, caused by Pyrenophora teres f. maculata, is a major foliar disease of barley worldwide. The pathogen has high genetic diversity and a lack of population structure across Australia, indicating its high mobility and absence of geographical isolation or cultivar directional selection. However, two cryptic genotypic groups were found only in Western Australia, associated with fungicide resistance genes. These findings have implications for cultivar resistance and the adaptive potential of the pathogen.
G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS
(2023)
Article
Agronomy
Hossein Sabouri, Fakhtak Taliei, Borzo Kazerani, Shahram Ghasemi, Mahnaz Katouzi
Summary: This study identified stable genomic regions associated with resistance to spot form net blotch (SFNB) under different temperature conditions. The QTLs for SFNB resistance were detected in cold, non-thermal, and heat stress conditions, with three, four, and six stable QTLs respectively. Flanking markers SCoT7-C, ISJ17-B, and Bmac0144k can be used for screening resistance to SFNB under non-thermal and heat stress conditions, while markers Bmac0282b and Ebmatc0016 can be used for screening resistance to SFNB under cold stress conditions.
Article
Agronomy
Frank Van den Bosch, Ayalsew Zerihun, Nick Poole, Geoff Thomas, Francisco J. Lopez-Ruiz
Summary: In this study, the financial implications of switching from a fungicide with high resistance to a more expensive fungicide with less resistance are investigated using a budget calculation and an epidemiological model. The optimal treatment program is determined by minimizing the total cost of disease, which includes the expense of fungicide treatment and the cost of disease-induced yield loss. The results show that the choice of fungicide depends on the dominant pathogen population and its resistance level, with propiconazole being cost-effective when wild-type strains dominate and prothioconazole + tebuconazole being more economical when highly resistant strains dominate. The model also calculates the frequency of highly resistant strains at which the switch in fungicide is economically justified based on potential yield and seed treatment.
Review
Plant Sciences
Aurelie Backes, Gea Guerriero, Essaid Ait Barka, Cedric Jacquard
Summary: Net blotch, caused by the ascomycete Pyrenophora teres, is a significant disease of barley, reducing yield and seed quality. Understanding the pathogen's life cycle, mode of dispersion, and resistance genes can help in disease management. Management approaches like using beneficial bacteria to control net blotch have also shown promise in protecting barley crops.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Agronomy
Asieh Vasighzadeh, Bahram Sharifnabi, Mohammad Javan-Nikkhah, Eva H. Stukenbrock
Summary: This study demonstrates the potential of pathogen transmission between Hordeum murinum and barley, with H. murinum acting as a reservoir for the fungus Pyrenophora teres f. maculata (PTM) and contributing to the creation of new pathotypes.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Francesco Tini, Lorenzo Covarelli, Giacomo Ricci, Emilio Balducci, Maurizio Orfei, Giovanni Beccari
Summary: Pyrenophora teres is the causal agent of barley net blotch, which can be found in two different forms: net form and spot form. This study evaluated the response of six different barley cultivars to net blotch and examined the efficacy of several foliar fungicides with different modes of action. The results showed that the net form was the predominant pathogen, and different cultivars exhibited varying degrees of susceptibility. The application of fungicides effectively reduced symptoms and pathogen accumulation in grains, and also positively influenced grain yield.
Article
Plant Sciences
Pritha Kundu, Ranabir Sahu
Summary: Plants face different stresses during their development, with the GIGANTEA (GI) protein playing a key role in regulating plant development and defense mechanisms. GI expression correlates with susceptibility to pathogen infection and can down-regulate salicylic acid accumulation, thus affecting disease severity. This suggests that GI could potentially be targeted for generating disease tolerant crop plants for sustainable agriculture.
PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Entomology
Madison T. Flasco, Marc F. Fuchs
Summary: Two genetically distinct genotypes of Spissistilus festinus, the California and Southeastern genotypes, have been found. These genotypes are sexually compatible, but the Southeastern genotype has a significantly higher ability to transmit grapevine red blotch virus compared to the California genotype.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Samar M. Esmail, Diego Jarquin, Andreas Boerner, Ahmed Sallam
Summary: This study evaluated the NB and PM resistance of 122 diverse barley genotypes from 34 countries and found high genetic variation among the genotypes. No significant correlation was found between PM and NB resistance, but 21 genotypes immune to both diseases were identified. Furthermore, GWAS identified SNP markers associated with increased resistance to PM and NB.
COMPUTATIONAL AND STRUCTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Simardeep Kaur, Rachana D. Bhardwaj, Jaspal Kaur, Simarjit Kaur
Summary: Spot blotch caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana is a major foliar disease of barley worldwide. In this study, different barley genotypes were evaluated for their response to the pathogen. BL 1369 showed moderate resistance, while PL 807, DWRUB 52, and BL 1338 were moderately susceptible. The activities of various enzymes and antioxidants differed among genotypes in response to the pathogen.
JOURNAL OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATION
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Shama Naz, Qiufang Shen, Jonas Lwalaba Wa Lwalaba, Guoping Zhang
Summary: Nitrogen availability and form significantly impact N uptake and assimilation in plants, with barley showing better growth under inorganic nitrogen (NO3-). Wild barley, particularly XZ179, appears to have a higher tolerance to organic nitrogen (glycine) compared to cultivated barley. Ammonium adversely affects growth parameters in both wild and cultivated barley genotypes.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ulrich E. Prechsl, Werner Rizzoli, Klaus Marschall, E. R. Jasper Wubs
Summary: The fungal genus Alternaria is a globally distributed pathogen that affects more than 100 crops, causing Alternaria leaf blotch in apples. Our research suggests that Alternaria spp. acts as a necrosis-dependent opportunist rather than a primary pathogen. We found that applying leaf fertilizers reduced Alternaria-associated symptoms as effectively as fungicides, and low leaf concentrations of magnesium, sulphur, and manganese were consistently linked to Alternaria-associated leaf blotch.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
