Review
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Ellen Yorke
Summary: Radiation therapy can cause damage to both tumor and normal cells, making it a double-edged sword. Achieving high tumor control probability (TCP) and low normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) simultaneously is challenging due to the lack of unified understanding regarding the dose and clinical implications. The author has been fortunate to be involved in analyzing and utilizing in-house data, as well as participating in the AAPM and ASTRO TEC projects-QUANTEC, HyTEC, and PENTEC, which focus on quantitative analysis of normal tissue effects, hypofractionated treatment effects, and pediatric normal tissue effects in the clinic.
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Yutong Zhao, Annette Haworth, Hayley M. Reynolds, Emily J. Her, Yu Sun, Robert Finnegan, Pejman Rowshanfarzad, Martin A. Ebert
Summary: The aim of this study was to develop a workflow for generating voxel-wise optimal dose prescriptions that maximize patient tumor control probability (TCP), and evaluate the feasibility and benefits of applying this workflow on a cohort of 62 prostate cancer patients. Results showed that biologically-optimized redistribution of a boost dose can yield TCP improvement relative to a uniform-boost dose distribution. Additionally, patient-specific tumor characteristics can be used to predict the likelihood of benefit from a redistribution approach for the individual patient.
Article
Oncology
Gianluca Ferini, Paolo Castorina, Vito Valenti, Salvatore Ivan Illari, Ilias Sachpazidis, Luigi Castorina, Maurizio Marrale, Stefano Pergolizzi
Summary: This study proposed a novel radiotherapy technique for the treatment of metastatic cSCC and attempted to explain its clinical outcome using mathematical radiobiological models. The results showed that the technique was effective in treating bulky metastases, and the host immune system may play a key role in the tumor response to radiation.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Duong Thanh Tai, Luong Tien Phat, Nguyen Ngoc Anh, Huynh Van Tran Sang, Tran Minh Loc, Nguyen Xuan Hai, Peter A. Sandwall, David Bradley, James C. L. Chow
Summary: This research aimed to compare the effectiveness of conventional and hypofractionated radiotherapy treatment plans for breast cancer patients, with a particular focus on the unique features of the Halcyon system. The results showed that while the conventional plan was better at controlling tumors, the hypofractionated plan was more effective in minimizing side effects.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Leonie Peuker, Daniel Rolf, Michael Oertel, Alexander Peuker, Sergiu Scobioala, Dominik Hering, Claudia Rudack, Uwe Haverkamp, Hans Theodor Eich
Summary: This study investigates the inner ear toxicity of radio(chemo)therapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma and establishes related models. The results show a dose-dependent relationship between radiation dose and inner ear toxicity, and provide dose constraints for inner ear toxicity.
Article
Oncology
XinLei Ai, Bo Qiu, Yin Zhou, Su Li, QiWen Li, Jian Huan, JiBin Li, Nan Hu, NaiBin Chen, FangJie Liu, DaQuan Wang, Chu Chu, Bin Wang, Li Chen, HaiHang Jiang, ShiYu Huang, XiaoYan Huang, Nan Bi, Hui Liu
Summary: A new radiobiological model was developed to compare the efficacy of four concurrent chemother-apy regimens in locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer patients. The study found that the 4-week EP and weekly DP had higher chemo-induced biologically effective doses when administered with radiotherapy.
RADIOTHERAPY AND ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Ester Fagnano, Swati Pendharkar, Madyson Colton, Philip N. Jones, Marta Crespi Sallan, Tetyana Klymenko, Andrejs Braun, Christian Klein, Jamie Honeychurch, Eleanor J. Cheadle, Timothy M. Illidge
Summary: This study showed that contact between tumor cells and stromal cells inhibits the effector functions of Obinutuzumab, highlighting the potential for improved therapies targeting the microenvironment to enhance patient outcomes in B-cell malignancies.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Simon K. B. Spohn, Ilias Sachpazidis, Rolf Wiehle, Benedikt Thomann, August Sigle, Peter Bronsert, Juri Ruf, Matthias Benndorf, Nils H. Nicolay, Tanja Sprave, Anca L. Grosu, Dimos Baltas, Constantinos Zamboglou
Summary: This planning study aimed to investigate the impact of urethral sparing in moderately hypofractionated RT with focal RT dose escalation on tumor control probability (TCP) and normal tissue complication probability (NTCP). The results showed that urethral sparing significantly reduced NTCP without affecting TCP, leading to better complication-free tumor control probability.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Wei-feng Hong, Mou-yuan Liu, Li Liang, Yang Zhang, Zong-juan Li, Keqi Han, Shi-suo Du, Yan-jie Chen, Li-heng Ma
Summary: This study identified two subtypes of hepatocellular carcinoma based on the expression of genes related to T cell-mediated tumor killing (TTK). These subtypes showed differences in tumor microenvironment, metabolic properties, and genetic variation, and predicted the response to chemotherapy or immunotherapy and overall survival.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Nina Frey, Luigi Tortola, David Egli, Sharan Janjuha, Tanja Rothgangl, Kim Fabiano Marquart, Franziska Ampenberger, Manfred Kopf, Gerald Schwank
Summary: This study systematically explores the immune evasion mechanisms of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) and identifies Vps4b and Rnf31 as essential factors for escaping CD8(+) T cell killing. Inactivation of Vps4b impairs autophagy, leading to increased accumulation of granzyme B derived from CD8(+) T cells and subsequent tumor cell lysis. Inactivation of Rnf31 protects tumor cells from TNF-mediated caspase 8 cleavage and apoptosis induction. Transplantation of Vps4b- or Rnf31-deficient pancreatic tumors into immune competent mice shows increased CD8(+) T cell infiltration and effector function, as well as significantly reduced tumor growth.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Almut Dutz, Armin Luehr, Esther G. C. Troost, Linda Agolli, Rebecca Buetof, Chiara Valentini, Michael Baumann, Xavier Vermeren, Dirk Geismar, Beate Timmermann, Mechthild Krause, Steffen Loeck
Summary: This study found that PBT can substantially reduce doses in most organs at risk compared to XRT, particularly in contralateral organs. NTCP predictions were significantly lower for PBT compared to XRT overall, especially in ipsilateral organs. Analysis of DNTCP values from multiple NTCP models revealed that 80 patients might be selected for PBT, primarily due to predictions from the delayed recall model.
RADIOTHERAPY AND ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biology
Hiroshi Ichise, Shoko Tsukamoto, Tsuyoshi Hirashima, Yoshinobu Konishi, Choji Oki, Shinya Tsukiji, Satoshi Iwano, Atsushi Miyawaki, Kenta Sumiyama, Kenta Terai, Michiyuki Matsuda, Carla Rothlin
Summary: NK cells play a crucial role in limiting metastatic growth in the lung, but some cancers can evade their immune surveillance mechanisms. By combining bioluminescence imaging and two-photon microscopy, researchers have found that NK cells can eliminate disseminated tumor cells from the lung within 24 hours, but their effectiveness decreases after that time. The study also revealed that the loss of the activating ligand CD155/PVR/Necl5 from tumor cells contributes to their survival after 24 hours.
Review
Oncology
Paolo Palmisciano, Gianluca Ferini, Andrew L. Chen, Kishore Balasubramanian, Abdurrahman F. Kharbat, Navraj S. Sagoo, Othman Bin Alamer, Gianluca Scalia, Giuseppe E. Umana, Salah G. Aoun, Ali S. Haider
Summary: Spine giant cell tumors (SGCTs) are malignant bone tumors that can cause debilitating symptoms. Non-surgical treatments such as denosumab, radiotherapy, and selective arterial embolization (SAE) have shown promising results in inoperable SGCTs. A systematic review of the literature found that all three treatments were equally effective in improving symptoms and reducing tumor size, with low rates of treatment-related complications. Denosumab treatment showed lower rates of recurrence and metastasis compared to radiotherapy or SAE. Overall survival rates were higher in patients treated with denosumab, although mortality rates were higher in patients receiving SAE or radiotherapy, primarily due to unrelated causes.
Article
Immunology
Karsten M. Warwas, Marten Meyer, Marcia Goncalves, Gerhard Moldenhauer, Nadja Bulbuc, Susanne Knabe, Claudia Luckner-Minden, Claudia Ziegelmeier, Claus Peter Heussel, Inka Zoernig, Dirk Jaeger, Frank Momburg
Summary: This study demonstrates that co-stimulation significantly enhances the tumoricidal activity of T cell-activating BiMAb, while reducing the required dose for T cell activation and overcoming immune-suppressive effects. Co-stimulation could provide a more localized and effective activation of the immune system against tumor cells, showing promise for cancer immunotherapy.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Zhen Hou, Shuangshuang Li, Yuya Jiang, Fangfang Sun, Juan Liu, Shanbao Gao, Weitao Chen, Jing Yan
Summary: This study investigated the value of individualized intraoral stents in sparing normal tissues during radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Results showed that patients using intraoral stents experienced significantly reduced radiation doses to oral cavity, mandible, and parotid glands with lower complication probabilities, while maintaining tumor control probability. Intraoral stents demonstrated promising potential in reducing normal tissue complications without compromising tumor control.
TRANSLATIONAL CANCER RESEARCH
(2021)
