Article
Neurosciences
Justin D. Russell, Sara A. Heyn, Doug C. Dean, Ryan J. Herringa
Summary: This study examined the microstructure of white matter in youth with PTSD and found remarkable age- and sex-linked differences in major white matter tracts. Youth with PTSD did not show increased white matter integrity with age, suggesting an altered pattern of neurodevelopment. Abnormal white matter development in pediatric PTSD may contribute to illness persistence, comorbidity, and poorer prognosis over time, highlighting the nature of pPTSD as a 'whole-brain' disorder.
NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Kathrine Bang Madsen, Xiaoqin Liu, Clara Albinana, Bjarni Johann Vilhjalmsson, Esben Agerbo, Preben Bo Mortensen, David Michael Hougaard, Merete Nordentoft, Thomas Werge, Ole Mors, Anders D. Borglum, Trine Munk-Olsen
Summary: This study investigated whether genetic vulnerability to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) increases the risk of postpartum depression (PPD) and found that genetic vulnerability to PTSD is associated with an increased risk of PPD. However, the genetic vulnerability to PTSD in PPD cases did not exceed that of women with depression at other times.
PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Jackie L. Gottshall, Amma A. Agyemang, Maya O'Neil, Guo Wei, Angela Presson, Bryson Hewins, Daniel Fisher, Sara Mithani, Pashtun Shahim, Mary Jo Pugh, Elisabeth A. Wilde, Christina Devoto, Kristine Yaffe, Jessica Gill, Kimbra Kenney, J. Kent Werner
Summary: Following mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), the severity of symptoms reported by individuals is positively correlated with biomarker levels of neurodegeneration. The associations between biomarkers and symptoms do not significantly change when sleep items are included or excluded. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index demonstrates strong correlations with both sleep and non-sleep items of all symptom scales.
Article
Neurosciences
Charlotte K. Bainomugisa, Heidi G. Sutherland, Richard Parker, Allan F. Mcrae, Larisa M. Haupt, Lyn R. Griffiths, Andrew Heath, Elliot C. Nelson, Margaret J. Wright, Ian B. Hickie, Nicholas G. Martin, Dale R. Nyholt, Divya Mehta
Summary: Epigenetic mechanisms were associated with genes involved in PTSD and migraine. Using a monozygotic twin disease discordant study design, researchers identified candidate genes associated with PTSD and novel CpG sites associated with PTSD within/near specific genes. Furthermore, genes associated with both PTSD and migraine were enriched in specific signaling pathways, suggesting common genetic factors and pathways may contribute to the comorbidity between PTSD and migraine.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Cian-Cian Lin, Chin-Bin Yeh
Summary: This study aims to explore the role of demoralization in the mechanisms of posttraumatic stress symptoms among nurses facing different infection risks. The study found that demoralization has a mediating effect on the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and posttraumatic stress symptoms in both high-risk and low-risk groups. Nurses are at high risk for psychological trauma during the pandemic and require enhanced management and preventive measures.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Luc Morin, Laurent Savale, Tai Pham, Romain Colle, Samy Figueiredo, Anatole Harrois, Matthieu Gasnier, Anne-Lise Lecoq, Olivier Meyrignac, Nicolas Noel, Elodie Baudry, Marie-France Bellin, Antoine Beurnier, Walid Choucha, Emmanuelle Corruble, Laurent Dortet, Isabelle Hardy-Leger, Francois Radiguer, Sabine Sportouch, Christiane Verny, Benjamin Wyplosz, Mohamad Zaidan, Laurent Becquemont, David Montani, Xavier Monnet
Summary: After 4 months of hospitalization for COVID-19, a significant proportion of patients reported new symptoms and abnormalities in lung scans were common. Further research is needed to understand the long-term consequences of COVID-19.
JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Angela Nickerson, Yulisha Byrow, Meaghan O'Donnell, Richard A. Bryant, Vicki Mau, Tadgh McMahon, Greg Benson, Belinda J. Liddell
Summary: This study investigated the associations between self-efficacy, beliefs about others, and psychological and social outcomes in refugees. The results showed that exposure to potentially traumatic events was associated with lower self-efficacy and positive beliefs about others. Self-efficacy was negatively associated with depression and anger, while positive beliefs about others were positively associated with social engagement and depression symptoms.
JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Deborah C. Beidel, David C. Rozek, Clint A. Bowers, Amie R. Newins, Victoria L. Steigerwald
Summary: The objective of this study was to assess the presence of psychological symptoms in the months following a condominium collapse in Florida using various questionnaires. The results showed that overall, the mean scores on these measures did not indicate significant emotional distress. However, those who were involved in the recovery of human remains had significantly higher scores, with a considerable percentage meeting the criteria for PTSD, depressive disorder, or generalized anxiety disorder.
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
(2023)
Editorial Material
Psychology, Biological
Lisa M. Shin, Samuel R. Sommers
Summary: Increased exposure to media coverage of traumatic events is linked to greater symptoms of post-traumatic stress, especially in youth with specific patterns of brain activation that may make them more vulnerable to trauma.
NATURE HUMAN BEHAVIOUR
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Abigail Powers, Jessica M. Petri, Chelsea Sleep, Yara Mekawi, Emma C. Lathan, Karen Shebuski, Bekh Bradley, Negar Fani
Summary: There is debate about the validity of the complex posttraumatic stress disorder (CPTSD) diagnosis and whether disturbances in self-organization (DSO) in CPTSD can be differentiated from borderline personality disorder (BPD). Using exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM), this study found distinguishing and overlapping features of ICD-11 PTSD, CPTSD, and BPD, emphasizing the importance of considering the diagnostic structure of PTSD in determining the distinctiveness of CPTSD as a construct.
JOURNAL OF ANXIETY DISORDERS
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Stefanie Malan-Mueller, Mireia Valles-Colomer, Tomas Palomo, Juan C. Leza
Summary: This study investigated fecal microbial features associated with mental health outcomes in a Spanish cohort after the COVID-19 pandemic. The results showed that microbial diversity and community structure were related to symptoms of anxiety, depression, and PTSD. Proteobacteria was increased in individuals with depressive symptoms, while Synergistetes was decreased.
Article
Psychiatry
Paul A. Boelen
Summary: Research suggests that Bereavement can lead to significant mental health problems, including Prolonged Grief Disorder (PGD) being identified as a distinct condition. Through latent class analysis, bereaved individuals can be grouped into low, high, and predominantly PGD symptom subgroups, with higher levels of anxious and depressive avoidance behaviors observed in the PGD subgroup.
PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Nursing
Helene Moriarty, Keith M. Robinson, Laraine Winter
Summary: This study examined the impact of PTSD on cognitive, social, and physical functioning, as well as depressive symptoms in veterans recently diagnosed with TBI. The findings showed that PTSD was a significant predictor of lower functioning and higher depressive symptomatology. Therefore, it is essential for clinicians to incorporate PTSD assessment and integrated behavioral health and rehabilitation interventions when working with veterans with TBI.
Review
Clinical Neurology
Dan G. Pavel, Theodore A. Henderson, Simon DeBruin
Summary: Brain perfusion SPECT scans have undergone technical improvements, including the stabilization of radiopharmaceuticals and upgrades in equipment. This imaging technique is widely used in traumatic brain injury, dementia, epilepsy, as well as neurotoxicity and neuropsychiatric disorders.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Giovanni Leone, Charlotte Postel, Alison Mary, Florence Fraisse, Thomas Vallee, Fausto Viader, Vincent de La Sayette, Denis Peschanski, Jaques Dayan, Francis Eustache, Pierre Gagnepain
Summary: This study combines computational modeling and brain connectivity analyses to investigate the influence of predictions of future threat on memory recall, specifically in individuals with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The findings reveal that individuals with PTSD have exaggerated predictive control and reduced reactive control, leading to maladaptive avoidance behaviors. The imbalance in prediction and control mechanisms is linked to the severity of avoidance symptoms in PTSD patients. These findings highlight a potential pathological mechanism occurring in individuals with PTSD, providing insights into the relationship between the brain's predictive and control mechanisms.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Chris R. Brewin, Jessica K. Miller, Magdalena Soffia, Alexandra Peart, Brendan Burchell
Summary: This study investigated work-related exposure to stressful and traumatic events in police officers and found that CPTSD had a higher prevalence than PTSD. Male officers were more likely to experience both disorders and they were associated with frequent exposure to traumatic events, traumatic visual material, humiliating behaviors, and sexual harassment. Compared to PTSD, CPTSD was also associated with exposure to humiliating behaviors and sexual harassment, as well as lower rank and longer years of service.
PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Experimental
John T. Wixted, Laura Mickes, Chris R. Brewin, Bernice Andrews
Summary: In this study, the authors clarify that they do not advocate the idea that confidence trumps all, and point out that the mistake made by the jurors in DNA exoneration cases was due to over-relying on eyewitness confidence. This is a easily disprovable misconception.
Article
Psychology, Biological
Chris R. Brewin
Summary: Psychologists' overgeneralizations of research evidence on memory and eyewitness testimony, combined with unwarranted disparagement of lay beliefs, are appearing in legal judgements and guidance documents, potentially impacting civil and criminal law.
BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Nicole Hogan, Martin Knapp, David McDaid, Mark Davies, Chris R. Brewin
Summary: This study aimed to assess the cost-effectiveness of a "screen-and-treat" approach for identifying and treating PTSD in adults following terrorist attacks in England. The results showed that this approach is more cost-effective compared to conventional treatment-as-usual, indicating its potential applicability in other major incident-related scenarios.
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Talya Greene, Sharif El-Leithy, Jo Billings, Idit Albert, Jennifer Birch, Mari Campbell, Kim Ehntholt, Lorna Fortune, Nicola Gilbert, Nick Grey, Laurinne Hana, Helen Kennerley, Deborah Lee, Sarah Lunn, Dominic Murphy, Mary Robertson, Dorothy Wade, Chris R. Brewin, Michael A. P. Bloomfield
Summary: Based on research and data, it is estimated that up to 30% of severe COVID survivors will develop PTSD. However, PTSD is often overlooked in primary and secondary care settings, with a focus on physical recovery rather than the psychological needs of survivors. Delayed diagnosis of PTSD is associated with negative outcomes. Therefore, there is a clear need for systematic screening of severe COVID survivors for PTSD, and timely access to evidence-based treatment should be provided by multidisciplinary teams.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOTRAUMATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Odeta Gelezelyte, Neil P. Roberts, Monika Kvedaraite, Jonathan Bisson, Chris R. Brewin, Marylene Cloitre, Agniete Kairyte, Thanos Karatzias, Mark Shevlin, Evaldas Kazlauskas
Summary: This study evaluated the psychometric properties of the International Trauma Interview (ITI) in a Lithuanian sample and found that it is a reliable and valid tool for assessing and diagnosing ICD-11 PTSD and CPTSD.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOTRAUMATOLOGY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Chris R. Brewin, Jessica K. Miller, Brendan Burchell
Summary: Two recent surveys in the U.K. police force reported significantly different prevalence rates for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), with methodological factors being the main cause of the discrepancy. Analysis of the data indicated that the difference in prevalence rates was likely due to methodological differences rather than real variations in PTSD prevalence within the police force.
Article
Psychiatry
Geoffrey M. Reed, Michael B. First, Joel Billieux, Marylene Cloitre, Peer Briken, Sophia Achab, Chris R. Brewin, Daniel L. King, Shane W. Kraus, Richard A. Bryant
Summary: One of the important changes in the ICD-11 is the addition of 21 new mental disorders to improve morbidity statistics, facilitate recognition of poorly classified disorders, and stimulate research into effective treatments. This paper focuses on four specific disorders and examines their importance, implications of not having a diagnostic category, controversies, and evidence generated since their inclusion in the ICD-11. These categories have led to increased research and availability of services, supporting their validity and utility.
Article
Psychology, Experimental
Richard J. McNally, Dorthe Berntsen, Chris R. Brewin, David C. Rubin
Summary: This article describes a discussion moderated by McNally after the publication of his article on whether memories of trauma in sexual assault victims are fragmented. The discussion involved Chris R. Brewin and David C. Rubin/Dorthe Berntsen, whose contrasting viewpoints on memory fragmentation were cited by McNally.
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Alessandro Massazza, Helene Joffe, Elinor Parrott, Chris R. Brewin
Summary: This study investigated intrusive memories in survivors of the Central Italy earthquakes and found that these memories were common, distressing, and persistent even in individuals without probable PTSD. The characteristics and content of intrusive memories did not significantly differ between those with and without PTSD. The findings highlight the importance of recognizing and addressing intrusive memories in the aftermath of disasters.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOTRAUMATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Dominique S. Scheepens, Jeroen A. van Waarde, Freek ten Doesschate, Mirjam Westra, Marijn C. W. Kroes, Aart H. Schene, Robert A. Schoevers, Damiaan Denys, Henricus G. Ruhe, Guido A. van Wingen
Summary: This study examines the effects of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) on negative schemas and depressive symptoms in patients with treatment-resistant major depressive disorder (MDD). The results suggest that ECT can improve negative schemas, which in turn mediates the improvement of depressive symptoms.
JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS
(2022)
Article
Pediatrics
G. W. K. Ho, H. Liu, T. Karatzias, P. Hyland, M. Cloitre, B. Lueger-Schuster, C. R. Brewin, C. Guo, X. Wang, M. Shevlin
Summary: This study translated and evaluated the Chinese version of the International Trauma Questionnaire-Child and Adolescent version (ITQ-CA), and found that it has acceptable psychometric properties in identifying complex trauma-related responses in younger individuals seeking mental health services.
CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY AND MENTAL HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Chris R. Brewin
Summary: The published psychological literature often contains errors and inaccuracies and fails to adapt to changing knowledge. Common errors include citation, methodological, statistical, and interpretation errors. To uphold scientific values of openness and transparency, correction mechanisms are needed. This article examines existing mechanisms in psychology journals and proposes the inclusion of open post-publication critique alongside peer review to help correct psychological science.
PERSPECTIVES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
E. Kazlauskas, L. Jovarauskaite, K. Abe, C. R. Brewin, M. Cloitre, I. Daniunaite, Y. Haramaki, S. Hihara, A. Kairyte, Y. Kamite, K. Sugimura, S. Thoresen, P. Zelviene, I. Truskauskaite-Kuneviciene
Summary: This cross-cultural study is the first to report different patterns of trauma exposure in Asian Japanese and Lithuanian adolescents in Europe. Despite differences in trauma exposure and PTSD/CPTSD prevalence, similar predictors were found in both studies, particularly the importance of cumulative trauma exposure for PTSD/CPTSD, and social interpersonal factors for the risk of CPTSD.
EPIDEMIOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRIC SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Chris R. Brewin
Summary: The topic of repressed memories remains controversial, with arguments on both sides lacking sufficient evidence. Studies suggest that recovered memories can be genuine, false, or a combination of both, and may occur in various forms of therapy regardless of reliance on the concept of repression.
PERSPECTIVES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE
(2021)