Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yang Du, Lei Chen, Mei-Chen Yan, Yan-Li Wang, Xiao-Lin Zhong, Chen-Xi Xv, Yao-Bo Li, Yong Cheng
Summary: A meta-analysis of 54 studies revealed that patients with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) have altered levels of neurometabolites in specific brain regions compared to healthy controls. Lower levels of N-acetyl-aspartate-containing compound (NAA), choline-containing compound (Cho), and NAA/(creatine-containing compound) Cr ratios in the gray matter, as well as lower levels of NAA and glutamate + glutamine (Glx) in the white matter, were observed in ASD patients. Additionally, the frontal cortex showed decreased NAA and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels, NAA/Cr ratios, and increased glutamate (Glu) levels. These findings suggest that neurometabolite alterations in specific brain regions are associated with ASD, and age is a confounding factor for certain neurometabolite levels in patients with ASD.
MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Juan R. Bustillo, Elizabeth G. Mayer, Joel Upston, Thomas Jones, Crystal Garcia, Sulaiman Sheriff, Andrew Maudsley, Mauricio Tohen, Charles Gasparovic, Rhoshel Lenroot
Summary: Research has shown that patients with schizophrenia have higher Glx levels in the right cingulate gyrus compared to patients with bipolar-I disorder. Additionally, patients with schizophrenia also showed higher levels of various metabolites compared to bipolar-I patients.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ondrej Nesuta, Ajit G. Thomas, Jesse Alt, Niyada Hin, Anna Neuzilova, Shunyou Long, Takashi Tsukamoto, Camilo Rojas, Huijun Wei, Barbara S. Slusher
Summary: Canavan disease is a fatal neurological disorder caused by a mutation in the aspartate N-aceyltransferase (ANAT) gene. Pharmacological inhibition of ANAT shows promise as a therapeutic strategy for treating CD.
ACS CHEMICAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Miaomiao Yu, Liangjie Lin, Ke Xu, Man Xu, Jianxin Ren, Xiaoyu Niu, Xinyu Gao, Mengzhe Zhang, Zhengui Yang, Jinghan Dang, Qiuying Tao, Shaoqiang Han, Weijian Wang, Jingliang Cheng, Yong Zhang
Summary: This study investigates the changes in aspartate (Asp) levels in the medial-prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of individuals with nicotine addiction. The results show elevated Asp levels in the mPFC of nicotine addicts, which are positively correlated with daily smoking amount. This finding provides imaging evidence for the intervention of nicotine addiction.
HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Nils Kolling, Marius Braunsdorf, Suhas Vijayakumar, Harold Bekkering, Ivan Toni, Rogier B. Mars
Summary: Daily choices are often based on personal knowledge, but predicting others' behavior requires considering the differences between our own knowledge and others' presumed knowledge. The study found that different brain regions play different roles in using privileged information for personal decisions or predicting others' behavior.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Erin K. Donahue, Vy Bui, Ryan P. Foreman, Jared J. Duran, Siva Venkadesh, Jeiran Choupan, John D. Van Horn, Jeffry R. Alger, Michael W. Jakowec, Giselle M. Petzinger, Joseph O'Neill
Summary: This study investigates the relationship between PVS and MRS in Parkinson's disease (PD). The results show that PVS volume is positively correlated with choline-containing compounds levels in frontal white matter (FWM) and negatively correlated with N-acetyl compounds levels in anterior middle cingulate cortex (aMCC). Additionally, lower Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores are associated with lower N-acetyl compounds levels in aMCC. These findings further support the link between PVS and inflammation, as well as cognitive impairment in PD.
Review
Substance Abuse
Jason Smucny, Richard J. Maddock
Summary: In this meta-analysis, the associations between substance use disorders (SUDs) and regional metabolites were examined. Lower levels of N-acetyl aspartate (NAA), higher levels of myo-inositol, and lower levels of creatine were observed in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of individuals with SUD compared to those without. The effects of mPFC NAA were influenced by MRS acquisition parameters, while the effect sizes of choline in the mPFC were related to technical indicators.
DRUG AND ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Daniel Reznik, Robert Trampel, Nikolaus Weiskopf, Menno P. Witter, Christian F. Doeller
Summary: This study used MRI to scan four human individuals and discovered three meaningful networks associated with different subregions of the medial temporal lobe (MTL). These findings provide anatomical constraints for human mnemonic functions and are insightful for examining the evolutionary trajectory of MTL connectivity across species.
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Hui Huang, Miao Zhang, Yibo Zhao, Yudu Li, Wen Jin, Rong Guo, Wei Liu, Bingyang Cai, Jiwei Li, Siyu Yuan, Xinyun Huang, Xiaozhu Lin, Zhi-Pei Liang, Biao Li, Jie Luo
Summary: The purpose of this study was to investigate the synergy of fast, high-resolution, whole-brain MRSI in conjunction with simultaneous [F-18]FDG PET for the lateralization of drug-resistant mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE). The results showed that the combination of MRSI and FDG PET had a higher accuracy rate in lateralizing mTLE compared to routine MRI scans, especially in MRI-negative cases.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Lihua Zhao, Jinlong Teng, Wei Mai, Jiahui Su, Bihan Yu, Xiucheng Nong, Chong Li, Yichen Wei, Gaoxiong Duan, Xiangming Deng, Demao Deng, Shangjie Chen
Summary: This study aimed to provide a reference for the diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in elderly patients in China by investigating the relationship between metabolite levels in the hippocampus and posterior cingulate gyrus and MMSE/MoCA scores. The cutoff value of NAA/tCr at 1.19 in the left and right HIP was identified for screening MCI patients.
FRONTIERS IN AGING NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Psychiatry
Honghong Ren, Qianjin Wang, Chunwang Li, Jinguang Li, Lulin Dai, Min Dong, Jun Zhou, Jingqi He, Yanhui Liao, Ying He, Zongchang Li, Xiaogang Chen, Jinsong Tang
Summary: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between persistent auditory verbal hallucinations (pAVHs) and N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA) levels in posterior cingulate cortex (PCC). The study included 117 schizophrenia patients (61 pAVHs and 56 non-AVHs) and 66 healthy controls. Severity of pAVHs was assessed using the P3 item of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale and the Auditory Hallucinations subscale of the Psychotic Symptom Rating Scale. Results showed that NAA levels were significantly lower in the AVHs group and were negatively correlated with pAVHs. Therefore, increasing NAA levels in PCC may be helpful in treating pAVHs.
ASIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Shinya Nakamura, Yodai Kishimoto, Masaki Sekino, Motoaki Nakamura, Ken-Ichiro Tsutsui
Summary: Using low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (LF-rTMS) to inhibit neural activity in the ventral region of the medial frontal cortex (vMFC), this study found that the vMFC plays a causal role in regulating mood and the LF-rTMS-induced dysfunction of the vMFC serves as a valid nonhuman primate model of depression. The study also demonstrated that LF-rTMS targeting the vMFC induced depression-like symptoms in monkeys, including reduced movement activity, impaired sociability, decreased motivation, and increased plasma cortisol level.
EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Lea Roumazeilles, Matthias Schurz, Mathilde Lojkiewiez, Lennart Verhagen, Urs Schuffelgen, Kevin Marche, Ali Mahmoodi, Andrew Emberton, Kelly Simpson, Olivier Joly, Mehdi Khamassi, Matthew F. S. Rushworth, Rogier B. Mars, Jerome Sallet
Summary: The study found that activity in a specific region of the macaque middle superior temporal cortex is modulated by the predictability of social situations, similar to the human TPJ, suggesting a precursor for theory of mind ability in the last common ancestor of human and Old World monkeys.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Jax Skye, Joel Bruss, Guillaume Herbet, Daniel Tranel, Aaron D. Boes
Summary: Time orientation is a cognitive process that matches personal sense of time with a universal reference. This study investigates the neural correlates of time disorientation in patients with brain lesions. The findings suggest that lesions in the precuneus, medial temporal lobes, and occipito-temporal cortex are associated with time disorientation.
ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Hagar G. Yamin, Guy Gurevitch, Tomer Gazit, Lavi Shpigelman, Itzhak Fried, Yuval Nir, Yoav Benjamini, Talma Hendler
Summary: By analyzing simultaneous recordings of scalp EEG and unit activity, we found that the average firing activity of two medial temporal lobe areas can be estimated from EEG spectral features. Changes in firing activity in both areas and states can be predicted from scalp EEG frequency modulations.
Article
Psychiatry
Yafit Levin, Rahel Bachem, Dorit Brafman, Menachem Ben-Ezra
Summary: Negative symptoms of schizophrenia have been overlooked, and this study found an association between negative symptoms and the risk of dissociative disorder, independently of depression and anxiety symptoms. It is important to consider both negative symptoms and dissociative symptoms in clinical practice to better understand their interaction.
JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH
(2024)
Review
Psychiatry
Roland Mergl, Sarah M. Quaatz, Vanessa Lemke, Antje-Kathrin Allgaier
Summary: Women who have had miscarriages or stillbirths have an increased risk for depressive symptoms and disorders, with a wide range of prevalence rates. However, depressive symptoms tend to diminish over time.
JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Psychiatry
Hai-Yang Wang, Lin Zhang, Bei-Yan Guan, Shi-Yao Wang, Cui-Hong Zhang, Ming-Fei Ni, Yan-Wei Miao, Bing-Wei Zhang
Summary: This study investigates the association between cognitive reappraisal and panic disorder (PD), and finds that PD patients have weakened functional connectivity between the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and the amygdala, which is associated with the severity of PD symptoms. Additionally, cognitive reappraisal is negatively correlated with PD severity, and the PFC-amygdala functional connectivity plays a mediating role in this association.
JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Psychiatry
Yanqiang Tao, Xinyuan Zou, Qihui Tang, Wenxin Hou, Shujian Wang, Zijuan Ma, Gang Liu, Xiangping Liu
Summary: Depression and anxiety are prevalent mental disorders among adolescents. The study utilized network analysis to examine the symptom dimension of depression and anxiety in different age groups of adolescents. The results indicated that different age groups have different key symptoms and bridging symptoms, highlighting the importance of targeting specific symptoms at different stages of adolescence in treatment to alleviate the comorbidity of anxiety and depression.
JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Psychiatry
Philip J. Batterham, Aliza Werner-Seidler, Bridianne O'Dea, Alison L. Calear, Kate Maston, Andrew Mackinnon, Helen Christensen
Summary: Screening for psychological distress in adolescents is important, and the Distress Questionnaire-5 (DQ5) is a reliable measure for this purpose. The study found that DQ5 had good fit to a unidimensional construct, strong criterion and predictive validity, and sensitivity to change. The brevity and ease of interpretation of DQ5 make it suitable for screening in schools.
JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Psychiatry
Xiaoli Liu, Qianqian Chen, Fang Cheng, Wenhao Zhuang, Wenwu Zhang, Yiping Tang, Dongsheng Zhou
Summary: This study found working memory defects in adolescents with major depressive disorder compared to healthy controls based on mean oxy-hemoglobin changes, which can be useful for distinguishing adolescents with MDD from healthy controls.
JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Psychiatry
Anders Nordahl-Hansen, Hugo Cogo-Moreira, Sareh Panjeh, Daniel S. Quintana
Summary: This article aims to determine empirically-derived effect size thresholds associated with psychotherapy for depressive disorders by calculating the effect size distribution. The findings indicate that the observed effect size thresholds are larger than the suggested guidelines, which has implications for interpreting study effects and planning future research.
JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Psychiatry
Guangli Zhao, Liyong Yu, Peixin Chen, Keli Zhu, Lu Yang, Wenting Lin, Yucai Luo, Zeyang Dou, Hao Xu, Pan Zhang, Tianmin Zhu, Siyi Yu
Summary: This study investigated the neural mechanisms underlying emotional attention bias in patients with CID using ERP and rs-FC approaches. The results revealed abnormalities in attention processing and connectivity in the emotion-cognition networks of CID patients. This study provides a neural basis for understanding attention bias in CID.
JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Psychiatry
Seungyeon Lee, Sora Mun, Jiyeong Lee, Hee-Gyoo Kang
Summary: Major depressive disorder is a prevalent condition worldwide, but the proportion of patients receiving treatment has not increased. Biomarkers related to drug-treatment responses can be used to monitor the effectiveness of medication. Serum protein levels were compared among patients with depression who received medication, those who did not, and a control group. Eight biomarkers were identified, which can be used to monitor the effectiveness of drug treatment.
JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Psychiatry
Alfredo L. Sklar, Fang -Cheng Yeh, Mark Curtis, Dylan Seebold, Brian A. Coffman, Dean F. Salisbury
Summary: This study investigated semantic verbal fluency (SVF) impairments in first-episode psychosis patients within the schizophrenia spectrum. The findings revealed disruptions in both functional and structural connectivity in these patients, as well as an association between enhanced connectivity in the right hemisphere and worse SVF performance and longer disease duration.
JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Psychiatry
Maksymilian Rejek, Blazej Misiak
Summary: This study investigates the association of the exposome score (ES) with psychosis risk in a non-clinical population. The results show that the ES is associated with the extended psychosis phenotype, suggesting its potential to identify individuals who may benefit from further psychosis risk assessment.
JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH
(2024)