Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ana B. Petermann, Mauricio Reyna-Jeldes, Lorena Ortega, Claudio Coddou, Gonzalo E. Yevenes
Summary: This article summarizes the molecular mechanisms underlying the actions of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in neural cells, with a special focus on processes of survival, morphological development, and synaptic maturation. The potential therapeutic role of DHA against CNS tumor diseases and tumorigenesis is also discussed. Current research suggests that DHA mainly exerts its actions on neural cells through the modulation of signaling cascades involving the activation of diverse types of receptors. Furthermore, evidence linking brain DHA and omega-3 PUFA levels with CNS diseases, such as depression, autism spectrum disorders, obesity, and neurodegenerative diseases, is presented.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Yu Lu, Cheng Li, Jie Liu, Wenqi Huang, Yuerong Yang, Yue Jia, Tingting Liu, Linjuan Huang, Zhongfu Wang
Summary: Goat milk oligosaccharides offer potential as a versatile ingredient in the dairy industry, with a diverse range of N-glycan structures identified during different lactation stages. The study revealed a decrease in total N-glycans and fucosylation over time, while O-glycan content decreased by 1.26-fold as lactation progressed. Interestingly, sialylation patterns in goat milk showed an increase in Neu5Ac and Neu5Gc-modified structures, unlike in human milk. These findings are significant for understanding the structure-function relationship of goat milk oligosaccharides and developing formula food for different age groups.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Edilza Silva do Nascimento, Katya Anaya, Julia Mariano Caju de Oliveira, Jose Thalles Jocelino Gomes de Lacerda, Michael Edward Miller, Meriellen Dias, Maria Anita Mendes, Juliana de Azevedo Lima Pallone, Clarice Weis Arns, Maria Aparecida Juliano, Tatiane Santi Gadelha, Maria Teresa Bertoldo Pacheco, Carlos Alberto de Almeida Gadelha
Summary: This study identified bioactive peptides generated by in vitro gastrointestinal digestion of yam proteins. The peptides showed antioxidant, DNA damage protection, ACE-inhibitory, and antibacterial activities. The total gastrointestinal phase hydrolysate displayed stronger DNA damage protection and antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli.
FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Qin Zhang, Sangsu Bang, Sharat Chandra, Ru-Rong Ji
Summary: Inflammation causes pain, but it has been found that acute inflammation can also resolve pain through specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) and macrophage signaling. GPR37, expressed in neurons and oligodendrocytes, is involved in various disorders and has recently been identified as being expressed in macrophages. Activation of GPR37 enhances macrophage phagocytosis and promotes the resolution of inflammatory pain. Novel ligands of GPR37, such as neuroprotectin D1 (NPD1) and osteocalcin (OCN), have shown analgesic effects in animal models.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Ecology
Purnima Singh, Sakae Tsuda, Shiv Mohan Singh, Sukanta Mondal, Utpal Roy
Summary: Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) play crucial roles in the survival of microorganisms in cold environments. This study characterized a cry-c AFP from an Arctic glacier bacterial strain, revealing its molecular mass, amino acid residues, and structure-function correlation in terms of its antifreeze properties.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Martina Pirro, Yassene Mohammed, Arnoud H. de Ru, George M. C. Janssen, Rayman T. N. Tjokrodirijo, Katarina Madunic, Manfred Wuhrer, Peter A. van Veelen, Paul J. Hensbergen
Summary: Developments in mass spectrometry (MS)-based analyses of glycoproteins have been crucial in studying glycosylation changes related to diseases. The characteristic pattern of oxonium ions in glycopeptide fragmentation spectra can help assign different sets of glycopeptides, particularly distinguishing between O-GalNAc and O-GlcNAc. By analyzing the relative intensities of oxonium ions, accurate assignment of glycopeptides can be achieved even in complex proteomics datasets.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Kristal M. Maner-Smith, Erin Ferranti, Anne Dunlop, Elizabeth Corwin, Eric A. Ortlund
Summary: African American women have higher rates of maternal morbidity and mortality, especially related to cardiometabolic complications of pregnancy. Changes in lipid levels, specifically docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs), are associated with these complications. In this study, a lipid signature in early pregnancy serum samples of African American women was identified, which has a predictive accuracy of 74% for cardiometabolic complications. These findings suggest that blood-based markers in early pregnancy could potentially help identify at-risk individuals and tailor interventions.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Yaling Zeng, Yanli Ning, Zhenxing Shen, Leiming Zhang, Tian Zhang, Yali Lei, Qian Zhang, Guohui Li, Hongmei Xu, Steven Sai Hang Ho, Junji Cao
Summary: Brown Carbon (BrC) molecules are known for absorbing light in specific wavelengths, with nitrogen-containing organic molecules identified as critical components of light-absorbing matters in both winter and summer seasons. The top BrC molecules were found to be responsible for the majority of absorbances in both seasons, with different relationships between nitrogen and sulfur compounds identified in winter and summer processes.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2021)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Elliott J. Wright, Juris Meija, Pearse McCarron, Christopher O. Miles
Summary: In this study, O-18-labelled AZA1, AZA2, and AZA3 were prepared by reacting with (H2O)-O-18 under acidic conditions. The reaction kinetics and sites of incorporation were analyzed using LC-HRMS/MS. The results showed that AZA1 and AZA3 had four exchangeable oxygen atoms. A stable isotopically labelled internal standard method was developed using O-18-labelled AZA1 and AZA3, which showed high accuracy and reproducibility in quantifying AZAs in shellfish matrices.
ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Jui-Ting Yang, Yu-Jen Chen, Chao-Wei Huang, Ya-Chin Wang, Harry J. Mersmann, Pei-Hwa Wang, Shih-Torng Ding
Summary: The study demonstrates that DHA negatively regulates the adipogenic TN in both pigs in vivo and in humans/pigs in vitro, potentially through SREBP-1c or FoxO. This down-regulation of TN associated with fibrinolysis and adipogenesis could contribute to the beneficial effects of DHA on alleviating obesity-induced metabolic syndromes.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Lu He, Yue Ma, Changtao Yue, Jianxun Wu, Shuyuan Li, Qingqiang Wang, Bin Wang
Summary: This study conducted experiments on shale oil production with less S/N/O compounds by comparing microwave pyrolysis with conventional pyrolysis, identifying the transformation mechanisms of the organic S/N/O compounds at a molecular level. Results indicate that microwave pyrolysis promoted the transformation of S/N/O compounds into chars and/or gases, reducing their contents in shale oils, and provided insights into the reaction mechanisms of S/N/O compounds during the process.
FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Raheleh Ghassem Zadeh, Varoujan Yaylayan
Summary: Histidine and histamine can scavenge sugar-derived carbonyl compounds, with histamine being able to react with both carbonyl carbons of methylglyoxal. The addition of histidine can completely suppress the formation of PhIP in a specific model system.
Article
Entomology
Toshio Inoda, Shinji Kamimura
Summary: The prey animals (fly larvae) were analyzed using SDS-PAGE during external digestion by aquatic predators, specifically the larvae of chosen species in the dytiscid genera. The analysis showed that the main component of protein with a molecular weight of approximately 20 kDa. Furthermore, the analysis of third instar larvae of Cybister brevis Aube, 1838 using nanoLC-ESI-Q-TOF/MS/MS revealed the presence of a polypeptide derived from flies in the digested body fluid. Evidence also indicated that beetle larvae release digestive enzymes multiple times while consuming the fly bodies. These findings suggest that the digested polypeptides originate from high molecular substances present in the body fluid of flies during external digestion by diving beetle larvae.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Lili Guo, Shruti Nayak, Yuan Mao, Ning Li
Summary: Adding glycine to mobile phases during HILIC-ESI-MS analysis significantly enhances the sensitivity of mass spectrometry detection, increases ion intensities, improves tandem MS spectral quality of N- and O-glycans, and does not affect chromatographic performance.
ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
Filip Pancik, Zuzana Pakanova, Jana Mecarova, Alzbeta Cizova, Slavomir Bystricky, Stanislav Kozmon, Peter Barath
Summary: This study investigates the OSP and core structure of Vibrio cholerae O139 using various mass spectrometry techniques. The research reveals the fragmentation pathways and identifies the molecular forms of OSPc.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY
(2022)
