Article
Chemistry, Physical
Nurzhan Umirov, Deok-Ho Seo, Hyang-Yeon Kim, Sung-Soo Kim
Summary: This study introduces a novel Si alloy with controlled silicon grain size and microstructure, resulting in high initial Coulombic efficiency and stable capacity retention, providing guidance for the design of practical Si alloy compositions.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Ikramul Hasan Sohel, Tarik Ozturk, Umut Aydemir, Naeimeh Sadat Peighambardoust, Ozgur Duygulu, Isil Isik-Gulsac, Mustafa Altun, Mehmet Nurullah Ates
Summary: This study presents a simple method to enhance the stability of electroplated Silicon (Si) electrodes through heat treatment. The cycling stability of the Si anode improves significantly with increasing heat treatment temperature. The Si electrode heat treated at 400 degrees C maintains 77% capacity even after exposure to air for one week.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Chansoon Kang, Young Whan Cho
Summary: A new method for detecting localized electrically failed particles in Li-ion battery electrodes is introduced using voltage contrast imaging techniques, which can indicate the electron charging effect on disconnected particles caused by mechanical cracks or organic solid electrolyte interphases.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Ziqi Zhang, Huiqiong Wang, Meijuan Cheng, Yang He, Xiang Han, Linshan Luo, Pengfei Su, Wei Huang, Jianyuan Wang, Cheng Li, Zizhong Zhu, Qiaobao Zhang, Songyan Chen
Summary: A novel silicon nano-ribbon (SiNR) with (110) crystal plane was proposed as an anode for Lithium-ion batteries, showing stability and high capacity retention during cycling. SiNR, without the need for surface coating treatment, exhibited high ionic conductivity and long cycling stability.
ENERGY STORAGE MATERIALS
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Yanxiu Liu, Rong Shao, Ruiyu Jiang, Xinyu Song, Zhong Jin, Lin Sun
Summary: Silicon anodes have been extensively studied as a potential alternative to graphite ones for Li-ion batteries, but their commercial application is limited by poor structural and interfacial stability. Designing robust conductive binder networks is a key strategy to fully exploit the capacity potential of Si-based anodes. This review summarizes existing binders for Si anodes, focusing on three-dimensional and multifunctional polymeric binders with excellent electrical conductivity, flexibility, and adhesion, which are expected to accelerate the practical application of silicon anodes. Suggestions for future development of Si anodic binders are also provided.
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Yanxiu Liu, Rong Shao, Ruiyu Jiang, Xinyu Song, Zhong Jin, Lin Sun
Summary: Silicon anodes have been extensively studied as a potential alternative to graphite ones for Li-ion batteries. However, their commercial application is limited by the issues of the poor structural and interfacial stability. In this review, the focus is on the design of robust conductive binder networks to fully exploit the capacity potential of Si-based anodes.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Yaxiong Yang, Shugang Liu, Zhe Dong, Zhenguo Huang, Cheng Lu, Yongjun Wu, Mingxia Gao, Yongfeng Liu, Hongge Pan
Summary: This study demonstrates an effective hierarchical conformal coating strategy for high-performance microsized Si anodes, which enhances mechanical properties, promotes ionic diffusion, stabilizes electrode/electrolyte interfaces, and increases electronic conductivity. The optimized structure achieves high reversible capacity, cycling stability, and rate capability.
APPLIED MATERIALS TODAY
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Khryslyn G. Arano, Beth L. Armstrong, Ethan Boeding, Guang Yang, Harry M. Meyer III, Evelyna Wang, Rachel Korkosz, Katie L. Browning, Thomas Malkowski, Baris Key, Gabriel M. Veith
Summary: Vinylene carbonate (VC) and polyethylene oxide (PEO) are used as functional agents to mimic the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) chemistry of silicon. Covalent surface functionalization of silicon particles was achieved through ball-milling with sacrificial VC and PEO. The additives are strongly bound to silicon, resulting in improved stability and dispersion of the functionalized particles. Raman mapping and capacity measurements show that VC-milled silicon exhibits higher capacity and improved electrode processing compared to neat silicon.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Andres Ruderman, Emiliano N. Primo, M. Victoria Bracamonte, Guillermina L. Luque, Gustavo A. Monti, Daniel E. Barraco, Fabian Vaca Chavez
Summary: In this study, the effect of slurry pH on the lithiation mechanism of silicon nanoparticle anodes in lithium-ion batteries was investigated using a combination of NMR, DFT, and electrochemical cycling. The results showed that the lithiation mechanisms varied depending on the pH. An acidic slurry promoted the lithiation of silicon nanoparticles, while a basic slurry oxidized the nanoparticles to form a SiO/SiO2 shell that needed to be cracked before Si lithiation. The reaction of Li+ and SiO/SiO2 to form lithium silicates was the dominant process in a basic slurry, resulting in greater capacity loss compared to an acidic slurry.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Yan Li, Guangyu Chen, Huaixiang Yang, Xiaobing Geng, Zhuo Luo, Chentong Zhang, Liuqing Huang, Xuetao Luo
Summary: The application of photovoltaic solid waste as an effective solution for waste disposal in lithium-ion batteries not only solves the problem of environmental pollution but also avoids the loss of secondary resources. A simple and environmentally friendly method was designed to synthesize P-Si@SiOx/Ag/CN as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries, which exhibited outstanding cycling performance and rate capability. This work opens up a new economic strategy for the fabrication of high-performance silicon anodes and affords a promising avenue for the recycling of PV silicon waste.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Xiang Li, Jianwei He, Yucong Liao, Shaoshan Zhu, Yayun Tang, Hanyang Li, Ning Lv, Yuexin Xu, Yadong Wang
Summary: In this study, a conjugate carbonyl polyimide and nano-silicon composite was designed and synthesized to address the challenges of rapid capacity fading and complicated electrode material preparation in silicon-based electrodes for lithium-ion batteries. This composite exhibited a relative high specific capacity and excellent cycling stability, as well as improved electrode kinetics and electrochemical performance.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2022)
Article
Electrochemistry
Yijia Liu, Michael Charlton, Jun Wang, J. Craig Bennett, M. N. Obrovac
Summary: The study found that Si85Fe15Ox alloys exhibit low irreversible capacity and high thermal stability, making them suitable for high temperature processing. These alloys can be incorporated into carbon-coated graphite composite particles, allowing for good cycling performance even without the use of advanced binders or electrolyte additives.
JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2021)
Review
Electrochemistry
Yao Liu, Wei Li, Yongyao Xia
Summary: While carbon, oxide, and silicon-based materials have limitations in current LIB applications, polyanionic compounds have gained attention for their ability to stabilize structures, adjust redox couples, and provide migration channels for guest ions, leading to electrode materials with long-term cycling, high energy density, and outstanding rate capability.
ELECTROCHEMICAL ENERGY REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Moon Kyu Cho, Seung Jae You, Jung Gyu Woo, Jung-Chul An, Sujin Kang, Hyun-Wook Lee, Ji Hoon Kim, Cheol-Min Yang, Yong Jung Kim
Summary: By optimizing the design of Si/C composite anodes, modifying the surface with chemical vapor deposition, and doping with graphite, the performance of lithium-ion batteries can be significantly improved in terms of cycle life and efficiency.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2021)
Review
Energy & Fuels
Zahra Karimi, Ali Sadeghi, Ali Ghaffarinejad
Summary: Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are considered promising energy sources for electronic devices, but the low capacity of graphitic anodes has limited their widespread usage. Silicon thin films have been explored as an alternative anode material, but challenges such as volume changes and unstable solid electrolyte interface (SEI) hinder their commercial application. This article reviews various methods, including chemical vapor deposition and physical vapor deposition, for preparing silicon thin films as LIB anodes and discusses their advantages and issues.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Sangjun Kim, Sanghyuk Park, Minsang Jo, Mincheol Beak, Jangho Park, Goojin Jeong, Ji-Sang Yu, Kyungjung Kwon
Summary: The study synthesized cathode active materials with varying Al content and examined the effects on physicochemical, thermal, and electrochemical properties. Results showed that increased Al content in the materials led to irregular particle shape and distribution, reduced initial charge/discharge capacity and cyclability, but improved rate capability. Residual Al was found to adversely affect capacity and cyclability, suggesting that trace amounts of Al in the materials can be tolerated.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Kyungjung Kwon, Kang Hee Lee, Dong Ho Um, Seon-ah Jin, Hyun S. Park, Jinwon Cho, Jinho Hyun, Hyung Chul Ham, Chanho Pak
Summary: PdIr nanoparticles supported on carbon exhibit enhanced ORR activity and durability compared to Pd monometallic catalysts in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells. Their improved stability is attributed to the synergistic effect of Pd and Ir, as well as the formation of phase-separated nanoalloys with a Pd-rich surface.
JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL AND ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Junghwan Kim, Seongdeock Jeong, Mincheol Beak, Jangho Park, Kyungjung Kwon
Summary: PV-EC systems, utilizing CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) catalysts and solar cells, have gained attention as a method of artificial photosynthesis to obtain energy fuels and address environmental concerns. CO is the most popular CO2RR product, with solar-to-CO efficiency increasing from -6% to -19% in recent years.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2022)
Review
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Seoa Kim, Jaeyeon Bang, Junsang Yoo, Youngjun Shin, Jihyeon Bae, Juyeon Jeong, Kyumin Kim, Peng Dong, Kyungjung Kwon
Summary: The rising demand for LIBs necessitates the recycling of spent LIBs through pretreatment processes to enhance recovery efficiency and reduce energy consumption. This review systematically analyzes the development and current status of pretreatment methods for spent LIBs, providing valuable insights for future research.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Seongdeock Jeong, Sanghyuk Park, Mincheol Beak, Jangho Park, Jeong-Soo Sohn, Kyungjung Kwon
Summary: In this study, it was found that trace amounts of iron and aluminum from spent lithium-ion batteries can be utilized as doping elements to enhance the electrochemical performance of resynthesized cathode active materials, without affecting the morphology and layered structure of the materials.
Review
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Gyeongbin Ko, Wooseok Kim, Kyungjung Kwon, Tae-Kyu Lee
Summary: This review summarizes the dominant experimental factors and relevant properties affecting the corrosion of AM-fabricated stainless steel based on a comprehensive analysis of relevant literature. The effects of different AM processes on the corrosion behavior of stainless steel materials are outlined.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Suhee Kang, Haritham Khan, Changho Lee, Kyungjung Kwon, Caroline Sunyong Lee
Summary: By introducing noble metal-free TiO2/MoSe2 heterostructures, high yields and selectivity were achieved during artificial photosynthesis of CO2. The uniform growth of MoSe2 nanosheets on TiO2 nanofibers demonstrated superior photocatalytic CO2 reduction performance.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Mincheol Beak, Sanghyuk Park, Sangjun Kim, Jangho Park, Seongdeock Jeong, Balamurugan Thirumalraj, Goojin Jeong, Taehyeon Kim, Kyungjung Kwon
Summary: The study shows that Na from the leachate of spent LIBs can be incorporated into the resynthesized cathode active materials, which is beneficial for improving battery performance.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Gunha Kim, Youngkwon Kim, Taeeun Yim, Kyungjung Kwon
Summary: Methanesulfonic acid (MSA) is investigated as an additive to enhance the thermal stability and electrochemical properties of the vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) electrolyte. The addition of MSA delays precipitate formation and improves energy efficiency and energy density in the VRFB system.
JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL AND ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Sanghyuk Park, Kwangho Park, Ji-Seop Shin, Gyeongbin Ko, Wooseok Kim, Jun-Young Park, Kyungjung Kwon
Summary: The study introduces Er and Ga co-doped YBaCo4O7+delta (YBC) as a cathode-active material in LIBs, converting the phase instability of YBC at high temperatures into a strategic way to enhance structural stability. These materials exhibit excellent phase stability and performance, showing great potential for playing an important role in lithium-ion batteries.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Zitong Fei, Yingjie Zhang, Qi Meng, Peng Dong, Jinfu Fei, Siyuan Zhou, Kyungjung Kwon
Summary: This article introduces a new concept of using waste lithium-ion battery material for next generation secondary batteries through direct regeneration technology. By preparing dual-function regeneration materials, it aims to solve the issues of waste recycling and raw material sources for the new battery system.
ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Sungyup Jung, Dohee Kwon, Sanghyuk Park, Kyungjung Kwon, Yiu Fai Tsang, Eilhann E. Kwon
Summary: The study investigates the valorization of battery electrolyte through CO2-assisted thermolysis, converting it into syngas for maximizing recovery of organic and metallic compounds in spent batteries.
JOURNAL OF CO2 UTILIZATION
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jimin Lee, Sanghyuk Park, Mincheol Beak, Sang Ryul Park, Ah Reum Lee, Suk Hyun Byun, Junho Song, Jeong Soo Sohn, Kyungjung Kwon
Summary: The presence of sulfate on the surface of NCMS affects its surface structure and performance, leading to a slight decrease in discharge capacity compared to pristine NCM.
Article
Thermodynamics
Sungyup Jung, Sangyoon Lee, Sanghyuk Park, Kyungjung Kwon, Yiu Fai Tsang, Wei-Hsin Chen, Young-Kwon Park, Eilhann E. Kwon
Summary: To reduce the use of fossil fuels, the development of rechargeable batteries has been intensified. This study investigated the pyrolysis of battery separator in lithium-ion batteries to understand the thermal degradation of volatile compounds and recover hydrocarbons and syngas. The use of CO2 as a co-reactant was explored to make the process more environmentally friendly. The results showed that the pyrolysis of the battery separator under certain conditions could produce valuable hydrocarbons and syngas.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Mincheol Beak, Jangho Park, Sanghyuk Park, Seongdeock Jeong, Jingu Kang, Woosung Choi, Won-Sub Yoon, Kyungjung Kwon
Summary: The regeneration of cathode materials from actual industrial scale LIB leachate and purified leachate is the focus of current lithium-ion battery recycling research. Significant amounts of nonmetal and metal elements were detected in the regenerated NMC. The concept of yield of precipitation (YOP) was introduced to categorize the behavior of elements during co-precipitation in the precursors. This categorization of impurity elements will be beneficial for quality control in the LIB recycling industry.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Tianyu Chen, Zhibin Lu, Guangjin Zeng, Yongmin Xie, Jie Xiao, Zhifeng Xu
Summary: The study introduces a high-performance LSGM electrolyte-supported tubular DC-SOFC stack for portable applications, which shows great potential in developing into high-performing, efficient, and environmentally friendly portable power sources for distributed applications.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Wenbin Tong, Yili Chen, Shijie Gong, Shaokun Zhu, Jie Tian, Jiaqian Qin, Wenyong Chen, Shuanghong Chen
Summary: In this study, a three-dimensional porous NiO interface layer with enhanced anode dynamics is fabricated, forming a Schottky contact with the zinc substrate, allowing rapid and uniform zinc plating both inside and below the interface layer. The resulting NiO@Zn exhibits exceptional stability and high capacity retention.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yafeng Bai, Kaidi Li, Liying Wang, Yang Gao, Xuesong Li, Xijia Yang, Wei Lu
Summary: In this study, a flexible zinc ion supercapacitor with gel electrolytes, porous alpha-MnO2@reduced graphene oxide cathode, and activated carbon/carbon cloth anode was developed. The device exhibits excellent electrochemical performance and stability, even at low temperatures, with a high cycle retention rate after 5000 cycles.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Anmol Jnawali, Matt D. R. Kok, Francesco Iacoviello, Daniel J. L. Brett, Paul R. Shearing
Summary: This article presents the results of a systematic study on the electrochemical performance and mechanical changes in two types of commercial batteries with different anode chemistry. The study reveals that the swelling of anode layers in batteries with silicon-based components causes deformations in the jelly roll structure, but the presence of a small percentage of silicon does not significantly impact the cycling performance of the cells within the relevant state-of-health range for electric vehicles (EVs). The research suggests that there is room for improving the cell capacities by increasing the silicon loading in composite anodes to meet the increasing demands on EVs.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yohandys A. Zulueta, My Phuong Pham-Ho, Minh Tho Nguyen
Summary: Advanced atomistic simulations were used to study ion transport in the Na- and K-doped lithium disilicate Li2Si2O5. The results showed that Na and K doping significantly enhanced Li ion diffusion and conduction in the material.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Zongying Han, Hui Dong, Yanru Yang, Hao Yu, Zhibin Yang
Summary: An efficient phase inversion-impregnation approach is developed to fabricate BaO-decorated Ni8 mol% YSZ anode-supported tubular solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) with anti-coking properties. BaO nanoislands are successfully introduced inside the Ni-YSZ anode, leading to higher peak power densities and improved stability in methane fuel. Density functional theory calculations suggest that the loading of BaO nanoislands facilitates carbon elimination by capturing and dissociating H2O molecules to generate OH.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Suresh Mamidi, Dan Na, Baeksang Yoon, Henu Sharma, Anil D. Pathak, Kisor Kumar Sahu, Dae Young Lee, Cheul-Ro Lee, Inseok Seo
Summary: Li-CO2 batteries, which utilize CO2 and have a high energy density, are hindered in practical applications due to slow kinetics and safety hazards. This study introduces a stable and highly conductive ceramic-based solid electrolyte and a metal-organic framework catalyst to improve the safety and performance of Li-CO2 batteries. The optimized Li-CO2 cell shows outstanding specific capacity and cycle life, and the post-cycling analysis reveals the degradation mechanism of the electrodes. First-principles calculations based on density functional theory are also performed to understand the interactions between the catalyst and the host electrode. This research demonstrates the potential of MOF cathode catalyst for stable operation in Li-CO2 batteries.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Ganghua Xiang, Zhihuan Qiu, Huilong Fei, Zhigang Liu, Shuangfeng Yin, Yuen Wu
Summary: In this study, a CeFeOx-supported Pt single atoms and subnanometric clusters catalyst was developed, which exhibits enhanced catalytic activity and stability for the preferential oxidation of CO in H2-rich stream through synergistic effect.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Dimitrios Chatzogiannakis, Marcus Fehse, Maria Angeles Cabanero, Natalia Romano, Ashley Black, Damien Saurel, M. Rosa Palacin, Montse Casas-Cabanas
Summary: By coupling electrochemical testing to operando synchrotron based X-ray absorption and powder diffraction experiments, blended positive electrodes consisting of LiMn2O4 spinel (LMO) and layered LiNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2 (NMC) were studied to understand their redox mechanism. It was found that blending NMC with LMO can enhance energy density at high rates, with the blend containing 25% LMO showing the best performance. Testing with a special electrochemical setup revealed that the effective current load on each blend component can vary significantly from the nominal rate and also changes with SoC. Operando studies allowed monitoring of the oxidation state evolution and changes in crystal structure, in line with the expected behavior of individual components considering their electrochemical current loads.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Chiara Cementon, Daniel Dewar, Thrinathreddy Ramireddy, Michael Brennan, Alexey M. Glushenkov
Summary: This Perspective discusses the specific power and power density of lithium-ion capacitors, highlighting the fact that their power characteristics are often underestimated. Through analysis, it is found that lithium-ion capacitors can usually achieve power densities superior to electrochemical supercapacitors, making them excellent alternatives to supercapacitors.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Weihao Wang, Hao Yu, Li Ma, Youquan Zhang, Yuejiao Chen, Libao Chen, Guichao Kuang, Liangjun Zhou, Weifeng Wei
Summary: This study achieved an improved electrolyte with excellent low-temperature and high-voltage performance by regulating the Li+ solvation structure and highly concentrating it. The electrolyte exhibited outstanding oxidation potential and high ionic conductivity under low temperature and high voltage conditions, providing a promising approach for the practical application of high-voltage LIBs.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Martin Bures, Dan Gotz, Jiri Charvat, Milos Svoboda, Jaromir Pocedic, Juraj Kosek, Alexandr Zubov, Petr Mazur
Summary: Vanadium redox flow battery is a promising energy storage solution with long-term durability, non-flammability, and high overall efficiency. Researchers have developed a mathematical model to simulate the charge-discharge cycling of the battery, and found that hydraulic connection of electrolyte tanks is the most effective strategy to reduce capacity losses, achieving a 69% reduction.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
M. Rodriguez-Gomez, J. Campo, A. Orera, F. de La Fuente, J. Valenciano, H. Fricke, D. S. Hussey, Y. Chen, D. Yu, K. An, A. Larrea
Summary: In this study, we analysed the operando performance of industrial lead cells using neutron diffraction experiments. The experiments revealed the evolution of different phases in the positive electrode, showed significant inhomogeneity of phase distribution inside the electrode, and estimated the energy efficiency of the cells.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jiawei Liu, Chenpeng Wang, Yue Yao, Hao Ye, Yinglong Liu, Yingli Liu, Xiaoru Xu, Zhicong Chen, Huazheng Yang, Gang Wu, Libin Lei, Chao Wang, Bo Liang
Summary: The study focuses on utilizing double conductive Ni-pads as anode collectors in micro-tubular solid oxide fuel cells. The simulation results show excellent performance and stability of DCNPs, and also highlight the potential applications in various fields.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yang Wang, Kangjie Zhou, Lang Cui, Jiabing Mei, Shengnan Li, Le Li, Wei Fan, Longsheng Zhang, Tianxi Liu
Summary: This study presents a polyimide sandwiched separator (s-PIF) for improving the cycling stability of Li-metal batteries. The s-PIF separator exhibits superior mechanical property, electrolyte adsorption/retention and ion conductivity, and enables dendrite-free Li plating/stripping process.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
