Review
Chemistry, Physical
Qianwen Tang, Bing Li, Daijun Yang, Pingwen Ming, Cunman Zhang, Yanbo Wang
Summary: The article reviews the literature on hydrogen crossover in PEMFC, covering consequences, causes, mitigation measures, and detection methods. It discusses the influences of hydrogen crossover on the components and performance, analyzes the causes, and summarizes methods to alleviate membrane degradation. Various monitoring methods are described, providing a foundation for further research and improvement in fuel cell durability.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Weibo Zheng, Liangfei Xu, Zunyan Hu, Yujie Ding, Jianqiu Li, Minggao Ouyang
Summary: This study proposes a numerical method to simulate the formation of pinholes in polymer electrolyte fuel cells, which enhances the accuracy of the chemical degradation model in predicting macroscopic properties. It systemically investigates the effects of temperature, pressure, and relative humidity on chemical degradation, showing that degradation rate increases with elevated temperatures and pressures, and is more severe at moderate relative humidity.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Tiankuo Chu, Qianwen Tang, Qinpu Wang, Yanbo Wang, Hong Du, YuQing Guo, Bing Li, Daijun Yang, Pingwen Ming, Cunman Zhang
Summary: In this study, durability tests were conducted on two stacks with different channel depths of PEMFC for 1000 h on a 1 kW fuel cell stack test platform. The overall performance change of the stack was detected and the membrane electrode assembly was characterized. The mechanism of membrane degradation and hydrogen crossover was analyzed using first principle calculation, and some durability experimental results were explained. Results showed that the durability of the PEMFC with a shallow flow channel was worse, with significant voltage drops and increased hydrogen crossover after 500 h. The chemical structure change of the membrane caused by free radical attack was revealed by the first principle calculation. This paper reveals the mechanism of hydrogen crossover and its influence on the catalyst layer, offering insights to improve the durability of PEMFC.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Jing Zhou, Jiamu Cao, Yufeng Zhang, Junfeng Liu, Junyu Chen, Mingxue Li, Weiqi Wang, Xiaowei Liu
Summary: This paper discusses the Chinese government's policies supporting methanol fuel applications and the vast potential of direct methanol fuel cells in the era of green development. It highlights the importance of reducing the methanol permeability of polymer electrolyte membranes as a fundamental way to lessen or eliminate methanol crossover.
RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Donghoon Shin, Seungryeol Yoo
Summary: This study proposed a novel method, LCA, to represent the current state of fuel cells, and validated its effectiveness by using probability density functions and weights to diagnose the fuel cell states.
Article
Thermodynamics
Rui Lin, Hang Yu, Di Zhong, Lihang Han, Ying Lu, Shenghao Tang, Zhixian Hao
Summary: This study designed a set of online testing methods to monitor the real-time changes of internal current density and local temperature during the voltage reversal process of a PEMFC. The results showed that carbon corrosion in the outlet region of the reversal anode was the most severe, and the process of performance recovery after reversal made the current density distribution in the fuel cell more uniform.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Satoshi Sakaida, Mana Sugiyama, Ryuya Nagayama, Kotaro Tanaka, Mitsuru Konno
Summary: This study investigated the fuel crossover characteristics of oxymethylene dimethyl ether (OME) in polymer electrolyte fuel cells, and found that the fully hydrolyzed OME (h-OME) has a lower fuel crossover rate compared to direct methanol fuel cells (DMFC), leading to higher cell performance at high fuel concentrations. The effective diffusion coefficient of h-OME in the membrane decreased with increased fuel concentration, resulting in the low fuel crossover rate at high h-OME concentrations.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2021)
Review
Energy & Fuels
Yusra Nadzirah Yusoff, Norazuwana Shaari
Summary: Fuel cell technology has matured and efforts towards commercialization have been prioritized for both stationary and portable applications, with a focus on strong, durable, and cost-effective material technology. The catalyst and proton exchange membrane are crucial components in a fuel cell, requiring high catalytic activity, proton conductivity, and other specific characteristics. Nanofiber materials, with their unique nanostructure, have been investigated for use in fuel cells, showcasing benefits and challenges for the electrospinning technique.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Jin Young Park, In Seop Lim, Eun Jung Choi, Yeong Ho Lee, Min Soo Kim
Summary: As fuel cell technology enters the commercialization stage, issues regarding activation time and fuel consumption become prominent with the increase in fuel cell capacity. A new method of reverse-flow activation has been proposed to reduce activation time and fuel consumption in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells, demonstrating significant improvement in experimental results compared to conventional methods.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Asif Jamil, Sikander Rafiq, Tanveer Iqbal, Hafiza Aroosa Aslam Khan, Haris Mahmood Khan, Babar Azeem, M. Z. Mustafa, Abdulkader S. Hanbazazah
Summary: Fuel cells are environmentally friendly technology with high efficiency and economic advantages. Proton exchange membranes, especially for hydrogen fuel cells, have great potential but face challenges in terms of cost and degradation of proton exchange capacity over time.
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Nedjeljko Seselj, Silvia M. M. Alfaro, Eftychia Bompolaki, Lars N. N. Cleemann, Tomas Torres, Kobra Azizi
Summary: The constant increase in global emission standards has led to the importance of fuel cell (FC) technology. Research in the past two decades has focused on developing more active catalysts for high-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (HT-PEMFC) and improving their durability. Two main approaches have been suggested: alloying platinum (Pt) with low-cost transition metals to reduce Pt usage, and developing novel catalyst supports to enhance metal particle anchoring and inhibit corrosion phenomena. This comprehensive review details the recent development of platinum group metal (PGM) and platinum group metal free (PGM-free) catalysts, as well as alternative carbon (C) supports for HT-PEMFCs.
ADVANCED MATERIALS
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Siva Moorthy, Gandhimathi Sivasubramanian, Dinakaran Kannaiyan, Paradesi Deivanayagam
Summary: The world's reliance on hydrocarbon fuel has become the main source of energy production, but the emissions from its extraction and utilization pose a significant threat to the environment and human life. In search of green energy solutions, polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) have emerged as promising clean energy producers. Researchers have recently focused on high-temperature polymer electrolytes based on polybenzimidazole (PBI) due to their chemical and thermal stability, as well as their ability to control proton mobility through fillers. This review summarizes the advancements made by various researchers in addressing the limitations of PBI-based polymer electrolyte membranes in high-temperature PEMFCs, including structural modifications such as phase inversion, semi-interpenetrating IPNs, branched blocks, as well as physical modification methods like crosslinking, blending, and doping. © 2023 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Akihiko Kato, Satoru Kato, Satoshi Yamaguchi, Takahisa Suzuki, Yasutaka Nagai
Summary: Excessive liquid water in the gas diffusion layer (GDL) of polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) degrades their performance. The study classifies the condensation and transport of water into four categories based on the transient behavior of liquid water distribution. The possibility of oversaturation in the GDL and inconsistent experimental results with continuous water distribution are also proposed.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Hao Yuan, Haifeng Dai, Pingwen Ming, Xueyuan Wang, Xuezhe Wei
Summary: This study investigates various polarization processes in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells using the distribution of relaxation times method and establishes a fourth-order equivalent circuit model to quantify the losses. It analyzes the sensitivity of each polarization loss to different operating conditions through multiple stepwise regression analysis and discusses its application in fuel cell system control. Additionally, it explores the loss and trend of each polarization process under different failure scenarios, providing a comprehensive guideline for fuel cell research.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Daniel Ilk, Viktoria Frick, Christopher Haenel, Thomas Schiestel, Michael Schoemaker, Holger Kraus, Harry E. Hoster
Summary: Membrane humidifiers are commonly used to improve the performance and lifespan of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells. This study tested five industrial humidifier membranes against five pollutant gases to evaluate their water transfer capabilities before and after exposure. The results showed that certain materials, such as polyimides and fluopolymers, were degraded by ozone, leading to decreased mechanical stability, while polysulfone membranes exhibited a decline in water transfer over time. The decline in water transfer could be attributed to physical degradation of the polymer rather than the presence of harmful gases. PFSA membranes were found to be particularly sensitive to ammonia.
JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL AND ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Tianyu Chen, Zhibin Lu, Guangjin Zeng, Yongmin Xie, Jie Xiao, Zhifeng Xu
Summary: The study introduces a high-performance LSGM electrolyte-supported tubular DC-SOFC stack for portable applications, which shows great potential in developing into high-performing, efficient, and environmentally friendly portable power sources for distributed applications.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Wenbin Tong, Yili Chen, Shijie Gong, Shaokun Zhu, Jie Tian, Jiaqian Qin, Wenyong Chen, Shuanghong Chen
Summary: In this study, a three-dimensional porous NiO interface layer with enhanced anode dynamics is fabricated, forming a Schottky contact with the zinc substrate, allowing rapid and uniform zinc plating both inside and below the interface layer. The resulting NiO@Zn exhibits exceptional stability and high capacity retention.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yafeng Bai, Kaidi Li, Liying Wang, Yang Gao, Xuesong Li, Xijia Yang, Wei Lu
Summary: In this study, a flexible zinc ion supercapacitor with gel electrolytes, porous alpha-MnO2@reduced graphene oxide cathode, and activated carbon/carbon cloth anode was developed. The device exhibits excellent electrochemical performance and stability, even at low temperatures, with a high cycle retention rate after 5000 cycles.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Anmol Jnawali, Matt D. R. Kok, Francesco Iacoviello, Daniel J. L. Brett, Paul R. Shearing
Summary: This article presents the results of a systematic study on the electrochemical performance and mechanical changes in two types of commercial batteries with different anode chemistry. The study reveals that the swelling of anode layers in batteries with silicon-based components causes deformations in the jelly roll structure, but the presence of a small percentage of silicon does not significantly impact the cycling performance of the cells within the relevant state-of-health range for electric vehicles (EVs). The research suggests that there is room for improving the cell capacities by increasing the silicon loading in composite anodes to meet the increasing demands on EVs.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yohandys A. Zulueta, My Phuong Pham-Ho, Minh Tho Nguyen
Summary: Advanced atomistic simulations were used to study ion transport in the Na- and K-doped lithium disilicate Li2Si2O5. The results showed that Na and K doping significantly enhanced Li ion diffusion and conduction in the material.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Zongying Han, Hui Dong, Yanru Yang, Hao Yu, Zhibin Yang
Summary: An efficient phase inversion-impregnation approach is developed to fabricate BaO-decorated Ni8 mol% YSZ anode-supported tubular solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) with anti-coking properties. BaO nanoislands are successfully introduced inside the Ni-YSZ anode, leading to higher peak power densities and improved stability in methane fuel. Density functional theory calculations suggest that the loading of BaO nanoislands facilitates carbon elimination by capturing and dissociating H2O molecules to generate OH.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Suresh Mamidi, Dan Na, Baeksang Yoon, Henu Sharma, Anil D. Pathak, Kisor Kumar Sahu, Dae Young Lee, Cheul-Ro Lee, Inseok Seo
Summary: Li-CO2 batteries, which utilize CO2 and have a high energy density, are hindered in practical applications due to slow kinetics and safety hazards. This study introduces a stable and highly conductive ceramic-based solid electrolyte and a metal-organic framework catalyst to improve the safety and performance of Li-CO2 batteries. The optimized Li-CO2 cell shows outstanding specific capacity and cycle life, and the post-cycling analysis reveals the degradation mechanism of the electrodes. First-principles calculations based on density functional theory are also performed to understand the interactions between the catalyst and the host electrode. This research demonstrates the potential of MOF cathode catalyst for stable operation in Li-CO2 batteries.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Ganghua Xiang, Zhihuan Qiu, Huilong Fei, Zhigang Liu, Shuangfeng Yin, Yuen Wu
Summary: In this study, a CeFeOx-supported Pt single atoms and subnanometric clusters catalyst was developed, which exhibits enhanced catalytic activity and stability for the preferential oxidation of CO in H2-rich stream through synergistic effect.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Dimitrios Chatzogiannakis, Marcus Fehse, Maria Angeles Cabanero, Natalia Romano, Ashley Black, Damien Saurel, M. Rosa Palacin, Montse Casas-Cabanas
Summary: By coupling electrochemical testing to operando synchrotron based X-ray absorption and powder diffraction experiments, blended positive electrodes consisting of LiMn2O4 spinel (LMO) and layered LiNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2 (NMC) were studied to understand their redox mechanism. It was found that blending NMC with LMO can enhance energy density at high rates, with the blend containing 25% LMO showing the best performance. Testing with a special electrochemical setup revealed that the effective current load on each blend component can vary significantly from the nominal rate and also changes with SoC. Operando studies allowed monitoring of the oxidation state evolution and changes in crystal structure, in line with the expected behavior of individual components considering their electrochemical current loads.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Chiara Cementon, Daniel Dewar, Thrinathreddy Ramireddy, Michael Brennan, Alexey M. Glushenkov
Summary: This Perspective discusses the specific power and power density of lithium-ion capacitors, highlighting the fact that their power characteristics are often underestimated. Through analysis, it is found that lithium-ion capacitors can usually achieve power densities superior to electrochemical supercapacitors, making them excellent alternatives to supercapacitors.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Weihao Wang, Hao Yu, Li Ma, Youquan Zhang, Yuejiao Chen, Libao Chen, Guichao Kuang, Liangjun Zhou, Weifeng Wei
Summary: This study achieved an improved electrolyte with excellent low-temperature and high-voltage performance by regulating the Li+ solvation structure and highly concentrating it. The electrolyte exhibited outstanding oxidation potential and high ionic conductivity under low temperature and high voltage conditions, providing a promising approach for the practical application of high-voltage LIBs.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Martin Bures, Dan Gotz, Jiri Charvat, Milos Svoboda, Jaromir Pocedic, Juraj Kosek, Alexandr Zubov, Petr Mazur
Summary: Vanadium redox flow battery is a promising energy storage solution with long-term durability, non-flammability, and high overall efficiency. Researchers have developed a mathematical model to simulate the charge-discharge cycling of the battery, and found that hydraulic connection of electrolyte tanks is the most effective strategy to reduce capacity losses, achieving a 69% reduction.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
M. Rodriguez-Gomez, J. Campo, A. Orera, F. de La Fuente, J. Valenciano, H. Fricke, D. S. Hussey, Y. Chen, D. Yu, K. An, A. Larrea
Summary: In this study, we analysed the operando performance of industrial lead cells using neutron diffraction experiments. The experiments revealed the evolution of different phases in the positive electrode, showed significant inhomogeneity of phase distribution inside the electrode, and estimated the energy efficiency of the cells.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jiawei Liu, Chenpeng Wang, Yue Yao, Hao Ye, Yinglong Liu, Yingli Liu, Xiaoru Xu, Zhicong Chen, Huazheng Yang, Gang Wu, Libin Lei, Chao Wang, Bo Liang
Summary: The study focuses on utilizing double conductive Ni-pads as anode collectors in micro-tubular solid oxide fuel cells. The simulation results show excellent performance and stability of DCNPs, and also highlight the potential applications in various fields.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yang Wang, Kangjie Zhou, Lang Cui, Jiabing Mei, Shengnan Li, Le Li, Wei Fan, Longsheng Zhang, Tianxi Liu
Summary: This study presents a polyimide sandwiched separator (s-PIF) for improving the cycling stability of Li-metal batteries. The s-PIF separator exhibits superior mechanical property, electrolyte adsorption/retention and ion conductivity, and enables dendrite-free Li plating/stripping process.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)