Article
Chemistry, Physical
Hegazy Rezk, Ahmed M. Nassef, Mohammad Ali Abdelkareem, Abdul Hai Alami, Ahmed Fathy
Summary: This study introduces a comprehensive comparison of energy management strategies for fuel cell/supercapacitor/battery storage systems, with the novel approach based on the salp swarm algorithm outperforming commonly used strategies in terms of hydrogen fuel economy and overall efficiency.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Shahid Hassan Mian, Muhammad Saqib Nazir, Iftikhar Ahmad, Safdar Abbas Khan
Summary: Hybrid electric vehicles are becoming popular due to the depletion of fossil fuels and the importance of utilizing renewable energy sources. This study presents an optimized nonlinear controller for a hybrid energy storage system in hybrid electric vehicles, and uses gray wolf optimization algorithm for controller optimization. Experimental data and simulation results demonstrate that the proposed optimized system improves performance.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Paolo Di Giorgio, Giovanni Di Ilio, Gabriele Scarpati, Andrea Altomonte, Elio Jannelli
Summary: The hybrid fuel cell/battery technology is a sustainable option for zero-emission mobility, offering system scalability and high efficiency. However, thermal management for the battery pack is crucial due to the impact of operating temperatures on safety and performance. An innovative system integrating a metal hydride-based hydrogen storage for cooling down the battery pack is investigated, showing advantages in energy density and thermal management capabilities.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Paul C. Okonkwo, Ibrahim B. Mansir, El Manaa Barhoumi, Wilfred Emori, Ahmed Bahgat Radwan, Rana A. Shakoor, Paul C. Uzoma, M. Raja Pugalenthi
Summary: This study investigated the optimal solution for a hybrid energy system using meteorological data and HOMER software. The results showed that the selected system had low cost and high efficiency, making it suitable for meeting the hydrogen production and refueling station demands of the AI-Kharj community.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Robert Luca, Michael Whiteley, Toby Neville, Paul R. Shearing, Dan J. L. Brett
Summary: Hybrid fuel cell battery electric vehicles require complex energy management systems (EMS) to operate effectively. This paper compares different EMSs using a common modelling framework and evaluates their performance in terms of charge sustaining ability and fuel cell degradation. It is found that certain EMSs can effectively reduce H-2 consumption but may lead to decreased fuel cell lifetime. Additionally, a novel fuzzy logic controller is introduced that adjusts its control strategy based on fuel cell degradation, extending the fuel cell lifetime.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Mohamed Nadir Boukoberine, Muhammad Fahad Zia, Mohamed Benbouzid, Zhibin Zhou, Teresa Donateo
Summary: This paper investigates hybrid electric fuel cell-powered drones energy management, proposing power management strategies that enable power sources operating in their nominal area, extending their lifetimes, reducing hydrogen consumption, and increasing endurance as well as economic benefit.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Kai Deng, Yingxu Liu, Di Hai, Hujun Peng, Lars Lowenstein, Stefan Pischinger, Kay Hameyer
Summary: In the rail transportation industry, the focus is on developing energy management systems to reduce operational costs by optimizing energy distribution. This includes minimizing hydrogen consumption and fuel cell aging while balancing battery charging and discharging. Advanced deep reinforcement learning methods are used to improve the adaptability of the strategy in a stochastic training environment based on real measured speed profiles.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Zil E. Huma, Muhammad Kashif Azeem, Iftikhar Ahmad, Hammad Armghan, Shahzad Ahmed, Hafiz Mian Muhammad Adil
Summary: Plugin hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) integrate batteries and supercapacitors to achieve smooth energy management and asymptotic stability through a series of controllers and rule-based algorithms, ensuring high performance and reduced toxic gases effectively.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Paolo Di Giorgio, Giovanni Di Ilio, Elio Jannelli, Fiorentino Valerio Conte
Summary: This study proposes a new approach to address the thermal management of batteries in fuel cell hybrid electric vehicles by integrating the battery pack with a metal hydride tank. The experimental investigation proves the concept and shows that the system effectively controls temperature variations within the battery pack.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Mohamed Nadir Boukoberine, Teresa Donateo, Mohamed Benbouzid
Summary: This paper proposes an optimized energy management strategy for hybrid electric fuel cell/battery-based drones, aiming to improve fuel economy and extend the lifespan of energy sources. By combining rule-based strategy and genetic algorithm, an online energy management system is developed for drone applications. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed approach allows power sources to operate within their rated area, prolonging their service life, and leading to a reduction in fuel consumption. These findings suggest that the proposed strategy can enhance the autonomy and achieve cost benefits in operating fuel cell stack during its lifecycle.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ENERGY CONVERSION
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
R. Saravanan, O. Sobhana, M. Lakshmanan, P. Arulkumar
Summary: This manuscript proposes a hybrid technique, called JSO-RSA method, for the energy management of a battery-based FC electric vehicle system. The method aims to minimize the equivalent consumption by controlling the operational mode, state machine, and dynamic power factor. The proposed method demonstrates high efficiency (90.2%) and low operating cost ($568) compared to existing methods.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Jianwei Li, Weitao Zou, Qingqing Yang, Huanhuan Bao
Summary: This paper focuses on the energy management of building systems, proposes a power management method based on game theory, and designs a hybrid system of hydrogen and battery to address the constraints and issues in energy management. The research findings show that the proposed method has a longer lifespan and lower hydrogen tank temperature compared to other strategies.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2022)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Ahan Parikh, Manan Shah, Mitul Prajapati
Summary: With the advancement of technology and the implementation of international norms to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, automakers have focused on new technologies related to electric and hybrid vehicles as well as electric fuel cell vehicles. This study compares different fuel cell electric car topologies to determine which fuel alternative is more sustainable in the future. The analysis includes comparing the efficiencies, performance, advantages, and disadvantages of different fuel cells and batteries.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Tobias Graf, Robin Fonk, Jonas Schroeter, Pia Hoenicke, Christiane Bauer, Josef Kallo, Caroline Willich
Summary: To reduce the impact of aviation on climate, new technologies such as fuel cell and battery hybrids are necessary. This study presents a test setup for direct hybrid electric power trains with an emulated fuel cell and battery. The behavior of the fuel cell and battery influences the voltage variation within the system.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Mohamed Nasser, Hamdy Hassan
Summary: Expanding renewable energy consumption is crucial for achieving sustainability and carbon neutrality. Hydrogen is considered the leading energy system for multipurpose applications in the future. This study investigates a standalone photovoltaic hydrogen storage system (PV/H2) using a hybrid polymer electrolyte membrane/fuel cell/single effect desalination system (PV/PEM/FC/SED), comparing it to the traditional PV/Battery system. A mathematical model and MATLAB/Simulink code are used to simulate the systems under actual climatic conditions in Egypt. The results show that PV/H2 requires 160 m2 of PV panels to fulfill a yearly load of 19,745 kWh, while PV/Battery only needs 40 m2. The hydrogen system has an overall efficiency of 8.5% compared to 17.8% for the battery system. Despite being less efficient, the hydrogen system is more economical with lower levelized cost of electricity and shorter payback period, making it recommended for supplying electricity demand and reducing CO2 emissions.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Alfredo Peinado Gonzalo, Mani Entezami, Clive Roberts, Paul Weston, Edward Stewart, Mick Hayward, Sin Sin Hsu
Summary: The study proposes a practical method for track alignment estimation using real data from an in-cab inertial measurement system and a novel method based on crosslevel variations. Speed estimation is done through speed-related harmonics detected on inertial sensors, and distance correction is provided by comparing crosslevel derived from inertial sensors and a reference track geometry.
VEHICLE SYSTEM DYNAMICS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Jiaqi Ye, Edward Stewart, Qianyu Chen, Lei Chen, Clive Roberts
Summary: This research proposes a line-side condition monitoring approach for switch rails, which can monitor the health status of the switch rail in real time using dedicated algorithms, thus improving the safe operation of the switches while reducing the cost and increasing the safety of inspection.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART F-JOURNAL OF RAIL AND RAPID TRANSIT
(2022)
Article
Transportation Science & Technology
Jou-Yi Shih, Paul Weston, Mani Entezami, Clive Roberts
Summary: Railway switches and crossings require continual attention due to their significant impact on the maintenance budget. This paper evaluates the correlation between S&C faults and sensor data collected from various locations, providing conclusions on the dynamic information that can be obtained.
RAILWAY ENGINEERING SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Naga Kavitha Kommuri, Andrew McGordon, Antony Allen, Dinh Quang Truong
Summary: This paper proposes a novel adaptive equivalent fuel consumption minimisation strategy for hybrid vehicles, which predicts drive cycles and adjusts equivalence factors to improve fuel economy. The results showed significant improvement in fuel savings compared to traditional methods.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Li He, Lei Chen, Jin Liu, Clive Roberts, Saijun Yu, Xujie Feng
Summary: This paper introduces a timetable-free metro operation method to deal with unpredictable passenger flow variations by continuously optimizing train operations in real-time. The goal is to minimize passenger waiting time under the constraint of vehicle number. A modified genetic algorithm integrated with a metro simulator is used to solve the problem, and a case study on Beijing Metro Line 19 demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed method in improving the flexibility and service quality of metro operations.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Ning Zhao, Zhongbei Tian, Stuart Hillmansen, Lei Chen, Clive Roberts, Shigen Gao
Summary: This paper presents the development and trial test of an optimal timetable algorithm for metro lines, which has shown improved energy utilization in the network.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
James Michael Hooper, Darren Williams, Kieran Roberts-Bee, Andrew McGordon, Phil Whiffin, James Marco
Summary: There has been little research on the vibration loading that battery assemblies within large sized electric two wheelers (ETWs) experience. The existing research has focused more on electric passenger vehicles, and cannot be applied to ETWs. Understanding the magnitude and frequency of the vibration inputs that ETW batteries will experience during their lifetime is important.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jingyuan Yang, Edward Stewart, Jiaqi Ye, Mani Entezami, Clive Roberts
Summary: In this paper, a method combining Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) and Improved-VMD (IVMD) is proposed to automatically select parameters for Variational Mode Decomposition (VMD). The results show the effectiveness of VMD with different initial K-value parameters. The Shannon entropy obtained by IVMD-SVD has the advantage of reducing environmental interference and obtaining more uniform energy results compared to current energy-based methods.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Cassiano Augusto Isler, Marcelo Blumenfeld, Gabriel Pereira Caldeira, Clive Roberts
Summary: This study aims to assess stimulus perception in mode choice and compare the impact of conventional rail and high-speed rail services on passenger transport in intercity trips in Brazil. The findings suggest that in the Brazilian context, users are mainly influenced by the magnitude of travel costs, time, and frequency in business trips by high-speed rail.
JOURNAL OF ADVANCED TRANSPORTATION
(2023)
Article
Environmental Studies
Yuqi Zhang, Ning Zhao, Mingqiang Li, Zhan Xu, Dawei Wu, Stuart Hillmansen, Athanasios Tsolakis, Kevin Blacktop, Clive Roberts
Summary: All diesel-only trains in the UK will be phased out by 2040. Ammonia is a perfect hydrogen carrying fuel for rail freight due to its high volumetric density, rapid refuelling ability, and sophisticated infrastructure and logistics experience.
TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PART D-TRANSPORT AND ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Bin Yang, Yaguo Lei, Xiang Li, Clive Roberts
Summary: This article proposes a deep targeted transfer learning (DTTL) method for fault diagnosis, which addresses the issue of data distribution shift and facilitates diagnosis knowledge transfer across related machines. The method relaxes the strict assumption that all target domain data are unlabeled by introducing labeled one-shot target domain samples called anchors. DTTL includes a domain-shared residual network, a target-domain clustering module, and a targeted adaptation module to correct the joint distribution shift. Experimental results on transfer diagnosis tasks across different bearings demonstrate that DTTL achieves higher diagnosis accuracy compared to other methods.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Tajud Din, Zhongbei Tian, Syed Muhammad Ali Mansur Bukhari, Stuart Hillmansen, Clive Roberts
Summary: This paper introduces a novel optimisation algorithm that combines a non-linear programming solver and the Mayfly Algorithm to address a non-convex optimisation problem in hybrid railway vehicles. The algorithm generates efficient trajectories to ensure effective power distribution, optimal energy consumption, and economical use of multiple onboard power sources. By reducing unnecessary load stress on power sources during peak time, the algorithm helps lower maintenance costs, reduce downtime, and extend operational life of these sources. It considers various operational parameters and leverages the hybrid powertrain capabilities of the vehicles to optimise energy consumption throughout the journey.
IET INTELLIGENT TRANSPORT SYSTEMS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Sarah Greenham, Robin Workman, Kevin Mcpherson, Emma Ferranti, Rachel Fisher, Stephen Mills, Roger Street, John Dora, Andrew Quinn, Clive Roberts
Summary: This paper explores the barriers that low-income countries (LICs) in Africa and South Asia face in adapting to climate change and highlights the lack of data and knowledge, planning and budgeting, and stakeholder engagement as major challenges. The findings of this research project have important implications for policy guidance in supporting climate change adaptation of the most vulnerable transport networks in the world.
MITIGATION AND ADAPTATION STRATEGIES FOR GLOBAL CHANGE
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Jiaqi Ye, Edward Stewart, Qianyu Chen, Clive Roberts, Amir M. M. Hajiyavand, Yaguo Lei
Summary: Rail surface defect inspection is crucial for modern railways to ensure safe operation. This article proposes a laser-based 3-D pixel-level rail surface defect detection method by combining high-precision laser measurement with deep semantic segmentation. The method utilizes a low-cost 2-D laser triangulation sensor for 3-D measurement and introduces a new deep semantic segmentation network that can output 3-D pixel-level defect detection results. Experiment results show a pixel-level detection accuracy of up to 87.9%, providing essential reference for defect management and repair tasks.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Tao Wen, Hao Jiang, Clive Roberts
Summary: Ko et al. recently proposed a high-speed railway positioning scheme based on an improved Kalman filter using 5G NR signals. However, our research has shown serious design flaws in the proposed filtering principles, rendering the algorithm infeasible.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Tianyu Chen, Zhibin Lu, Guangjin Zeng, Yongmin Xie, Jie Xiao, Zhifeng Xu
Summary: The study introduces a high-performance LSGM electrolyte-supported tubular DC-SOFC stack for portable applications, which shows great potential in developing into high-performing, efficient, and environmentally friendly portable power sources for distributed applications.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Wenbin Tong, Yili Chen, Shijie Gong, Shaokun Zhu, Jie Tian, Jiaqian Qin, Wenyong Chen, Shuanghong Chen
Summary: In this study, a three-dimensional porous NiO interface layer with enhanced anode dynamics is fabricated, forming a Schottky contact with the zinc substrate, allowing rapid and uniform zinc plating both inside and below the interface layer. The resulting NiO@Zn exhibits exceptional stability and high capacity retention.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yafeng Bai, Kaidi Li, Liying Wang, Yang Gao, Xuesong Li, Xijia Yang, Wei Lu
Summary: In this study, a flexible zinc ion supercapacitor with gel electrolytes, porous alpha-MnO2@reduced graphene oxide cathode, and activated carbon/carbon cloth anode was developed. The device exhibits excellent electrochemical performance and stability, even at low temperatures, with a high cycle retention rate after 5000 cycles.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Anmol Jnawali, Matt D. R. Kok, Francesco Iacoviello, Daniel J. L. Brett, Paul R. Shearing
Summary: This article presents the results of a systematic study on the electrochemical performance and mechanical changes in two types of commercial batteries with different anode chemistry. The study reveals that the swelling of anode layers in batteries with silicon-based components causes deformations in the jelly roll structure, but the presence of a small percentage of silicon does not significantly impact the cycling performance of the cells within the relevant state-of-health range for electric vehicles (EVs). The research suggests that there is room for improving the cell capacities by increasing the silicon loading in composite anodes to meet the increasing demands on EVs.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yohandys A. Zulueta, My Phuong Pham-Ho, Minh Tho Nguyen
Summary: Advanced atomistic simulations were used to study ion transport in the Na- and K-doped lithium disilicate Li2Si2O5. The results showed that Na and K doping significantly enhanced Li ion diffusion and conduction in the material.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Zongying Han, Hui Dong, Yanru Yang, Hao Yu, Zhibin Yang
Summary: An efficient phase inversion-impregnation approach is developed to fabricate BaO-decorated Ni8 mol% YSZ anode-supported tubular solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) with anti-coking properties. BaO nanoislands are successfully introduced inside the Ni-YSZ anode, leading to higher peak power densities and improved stability in methane fuel. Density functional theory calculations suggest that the loading of BaO nanoislands facilitates carbon elimination by capturing and dissociating H2O molecules to generate OH.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Suresh Mamidi, Dan Na, Baeksang Yoon, Henu Sharma, Anil D. Pathak, Kisor Kumar Sahu, Dae Young Lee, Cheul-Ro Lee, Inseok Seo
Summary: Li-CO2 batteries, which utilize CO2 and have a high energy density, are hindered in practical applications due to slow kinetics and safety hazards. This study introduces a stable and highly conductive ceramic-based solid electrolyte and a metal-organic framework catalyst to improve the safety and performance of Li-CO2 batteries. The optimized Li-CO2 cell shows outstanding specific capacity and cycle life, and the post-cycling analysis reveals the degradation mechanism of the electrodes. First-principles calculations based on density functional theory are also performed to understand the interactions between the catalyst and the host electrode. This research demonstrates the potential of MOF cathode catalyst for stable operation in Li-CO2 batteries.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Ganghua Xiang, Zhihuan Qiu, Huilong Fei, Zhigang Liu, Shuangfeng Yin, Yuen Wu
Summary: In this study, a CeFeOx-supported Pt single atoms and subnanometric clusters catalyst was developed, which exhibits enhanced catalytic activity and stability for the preferential oxidation of CO in H2-rich stream through synergistic effect.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Dimitrios Chatzogiannakis, Marcus Fehse, Maria Angeles Cabanero, Natalia Romano, Ashley Black, Damien Saurel, M. Rosa Palacin, Montse Casas-Cabanas
Summary: By coupling electrochemical testing to operando synchrotron based X-ray absorption and powder diffraction experiments, blended positive electrodes consisting of LiMn2O4 spinel (LMO) and layered LiNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2 (NMC) were studied to understand their redox mechanism. It was found that blending NMC with LMO can enhance energy density at high rates, with the blend containing 25% LMO showing the best performance. Testing with a special electrochemical setup revealed that the effective current load on each blend component can vary significantly from the nominal rate and also changes with SoC. Operando studies allowed monitoring of the oxidation state evolution and changes in crystal structure, in line with the expected behavior of individual components considering their electrochemical current loads.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Chiara Cementon, Daniel Dewar, Thrinathreddy Ramireddy, Michael Brennan, Alexey M. Glushenkov
Summary: This Perspective discusses the specific power and power density of lithium-ion capacitors, highlighting the fact that their power characteristics are often underestimated. Through analysis, it is found that lithium-ion capacitors can usually achieve power densities superior to electrochemical supercapacitors, making them excellent alternatives to supercapacitors.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Weihao Wang, Hao Yu, Li Ma, Youquan Zhang, Yuejiao Chen, Libao Chen, Guichao Kuang, Liangjun Zhou, Weifeng Wei
Summary: This study achieved an improved electrolyte with excellent low-temperature and high-voltage performance by regulating the Li+ solvation structure and highly concentrating it. The electrolyte exhibited outstanding oxidation potential and high ionic conductivity under low temperature and high voltage conditions, providing a promising approach for the practical application of high-voltage LIBs.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Martin Bures, Dan Gotz, Jiri Charvat, Milos Svoboda, Jaromir Pocedic, Juraj Kosek, Alexandr Zubov, Petr Mazur
Summary: Vanadium redox flow battery is a promising energy storage solution with long-term durability, non-flammability, and high overall efficiency. Researchers have developed a mathematical model to simulate the charge-discharge cycling of the battery, and found that hydraulic connection of electrolyte tanks is the most effective strategy to reduce capacity losses, achieving a 69% reduction.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
M. Rodriguez-Gomez, J. Campo, A. Orera, F. de La Fuente, J. Valenciano, H. Fricke, D. S. Hussey, Y. Chen, D. Yu, K. An, A. Larrea
Summary: In this study, we analysed the operando performance of industrial lead cells using neutron diffraction experiments. The experiments revealed the evolution of different phases in the positive electrode, showed significant inhomogeneity of phase distribution inside the electrode, and estimated the energy efficiency of the cells.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jiawei Liu, Chenpeng Wang, Yue Yao, Hao Ye, Yinglong Liu, Yingli Liu, Xiaoru Xu, Zhicong Chen, Huazheng Yang, Gang Wu, Libin Lei, Chao Wang, Bo Liang
Summary: The study focuses on utilizing double conductive Ni-pads as anode collectors in micro-tubular solid oxide fuel cells. The simulation results show excellent performance and stability of DCNPs, and also highlight the potential applications in various fields.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yang Wang, Kangjie Zhou, Lang Cui, Jiabing Mei, Shengnan Li, Le Li, Wei Fan, Longsheng Zhang, Tianxi Liu
Summary: This study presents a polyimide sandwiched separator (s-PIF) for improving the cycling stability of Li-metal batteries. The s-PIF separator exhibits superior mechanical property, electrolyte adsorption/retention and ion conductivity, and enables dendrite-free Li plating/stripping process.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
