Article
Materials Science, Ceramics
Patryk Blaszczak, Agata Ducka, Barbara Wolanin, Krzysztof Matlak, Grzegorz Machowski, Marta Przesniak-Welenc, Sea-Fue Wang, Beata Bochentyn, Piotr Jasinski
Summary: A novel one-pot synthesis route was developed to fabricate wormhole-like structures in porous YSZ and Ni-YSZ systems. This method achieved mechanically stable skeletons with nearly 50% open porosity without using additional pore-formers. The obtained Ni-YSZ anode demonstrated better long-term electrical stability and higher electrochemical activity due to the suppression of Ni structural changes and improved interfacial interaction with YSZ.
JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN CERAMIC SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
D. A. Osinkin
Summary: Nickel-ceramic composites are commonly used materials for solid oxide fuel cell anodes. The electrochemical activity of these composites can be improved by increasing the triple phase boundary length or impregnating with ceria. This study investigated highly active Ni-ceramic electrodes with different dispersion made from NiO and Zr0.84Sc0.16O1.92 powders and impregnation with ceria. The analysis using the distribution of relaxation times method revealed that the hydrogen oxidation rate in electrodes with low porosity is limited by two parallel gas diffusion processes in the same frequency range.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Buse Bilbey, Meltem Sezen, Cleva W. Ow-Yang, Busra Tugba Camic, Aligul Buyukaksoy
Summary: A new method for fabricating nickel and YSZ composite anodes was utilized in this study, with the application of a pre-calcination step in the oxidized state and a CeO2 overlayer, which significantly improved the electrochemical performance and stability of the anodes.
ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Electrochemistry
Federico Monaco, Elisa Effori, Maxime Hubert, Elisabeth Siebert, Gregory Geneste, Bertrand Morel, Elisabeth Djurado, Dario Montinaro, Jerome Laurencin
Summary: The electrochemical reactions of hydrogen oxidation and steam reduction on a porous cermet electrode made of Ni and 3YSZ were investigated, showing different response mechanisms under anodic and cathodic current. A continuous dynamic model was developed to interpret the experimental results based on charge transfer mechanisms. The electrode response is controlled by charge transfer at triple phase boundary lengths, oxygen vacancies migration in the 3YSZ network, and a purely chemical surface process depending on polarization.
ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Katherine Develos-Bagarinao, Toshiaki Yamaguchi, Haruo Kishimoto
Summary: In order to improve the performance and stability of solid oxide cells (SOCs), this study compares anode-supported cells with thin films to those with conventional screen-printed yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ). It is found that thin film structures can suppress nickel diffusion and reduce resistance, resulting in excellent performance and durability in fuel cell operation.
Article
Electrochemistry
Fiammetta Rita Bianchi, Aiswarya Krishnakumar Padinjarethil, Anke Hagen, Barbara Bosio
Summary: Nickel based fuel electrodes are commonly used in solid oxide fuel cells, with high catalytic activity but reduced system lifetime. By comparing the behavior of two state-of-the-art planar cells, a detailed understanding of the microstructural changes and degradation mechanisms was obtained. Experimental observations and a physics-based model predicted the cell operation under different conditions, with nickel-based electrode degradation identified as the main cause due to instability and resulting changes in catalytic activity and conductivity.
ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Ceramics
Gaurav Chasta, U. Bhakar, D. Suthar, Himanshu, R. Lamba, M. S. Dhaka
Summary: This study investigates the physical and electrochemical properties of slurry spin coated Yttria Stabilized Zirconia (YSZ) electrolyte thin films for solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) applications. The concentration of ethyl cellulose (EC) in EC/YSZ/terpineol slurry is varied from 3.5 wt% to 6.5 wt%. The prepared YSZ thin films show polycrystalline nature with cubic phased prominent reflection corresponding to plane (111), and the crystallite size is determined to be in the range of 18-26 nm. The electrochemical properties confirm electrolytic response and the conductivity varies in the range of 10 4-10(-5) S/cm with the increase in EC content.
CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
P. Radici, G. Valadez Huerta, N. Geesmann, S. Kabelac
Summary: The study successfully established a relationship between Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy and phenomenological coefficients in Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics, providing a new approach for experimental determination of entropy production for YSZ electrolyte. This can lead to increased efficiency and wider application of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs) and Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells (SOECs).
SOLID STATE IONICS
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Jiashen Tian, Ryan J. Milcarek
Summary: The degradation of nickel-yttria stabilized zirconia (Ni-YSZ) anode in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) due to different types of siloxane contamination was investigated. It was found that cyclic siloxane, D4, caused more severe degradation with higher deposition on YSZ. The high adsorption and low desorption rates of cyclic siloxane were identified as the main factors contributing to the degradation.
FRONTIERS IN ENERGY RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Ceramics
T. Dharini, P. Kuppusami, N. Kumar, D. Dinesh Kumar, Ajith Kumar Soman, A. M. Kamalan Kirubaharan
Summary: Metal-ceramic nanocomposite coatings, such as YSZ and Ni-YSZ, deposited by EBPVD, were studied for their friction and wear behavior under different temperature conditions. The results showed that YSZ nanocomposite with 50 wt.% Ni content exhibited better wear resistance compared to other coatings, due to the formation of NiO from Ni during frictional heat.
CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Heesu Hwang, Junsung Ahn, Hyunbae Lee, Jiwon Oh, Jaehwan Kim, Jae-Pyeong Ahn, Hong-Kyu Kim, Jong-Ho Lee, Young Yoon, Jin-Ha Hwang
Summary: Quantitative microstructural interpretations of Ni/YSZ cermets were conducted using deep learning and FIB-SEM analytics, eliminating subjective analysis and artifact issues.
MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Ayesha Sultana, Md. Mehebub Alam, Eleni Pavlopoulou, Eduardo Solano, Magnus Berggren, Xavier Crispin, Dan Zhao
Summary: Internet-of-Everything (IoE) is defined as the networked connections of things, people, data, and processes. To power distributed IoE nodes in an ecofriendly manner, researchers have developed a technology to scavenge energy from the environment and self-powered devices. By utilizing electrochemically poled cellulose nanofiber (CNF) thin films processed from water dispersions, researchers have found that these films exhibit piezoelectric characteristics, making them a promising low-cost and printable ecofriendly power source for IoE nodes.
CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Coatings & Films
Gaurav Chasta, M. S. Dhaka
Summary: To achieve densification of SOFC, the traditional YSZ electrolyte layer needs to be sintered at high temperatures, which compromises the mechanical integrity of other functional layers. In this study, 3 wt% TiO2 added YSZ electrolyte material was used to prepare thin electrolyte films. The sintering temperature was optimized for better structural and electrochemical performance. The addition of TiO2 resulted in improved properties of the electrolyte films, including increased crystallite size and reduced roughness, enhancing the ionic conductivity.
SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Michele Gibelli, Giulio Cordaro, Alessandro Donazzi
Summary: In this study, symmetric electrolyte-supported YSZ cells infiltrated with LSF were prepared, characterized, and tested in the oxygen reduction reaction. The effects of calcination temperature and precursors load on the ORR activity were investigated, with optimal performance achieved at 750 degrees C and with LSF loads between 20% and 40%. Equivalent circuit analysis of the EIS results indicated that the reactivity at the LSF/gas interface is rate-determining.
INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Electrochemistry
Zhufeng Ouyang, Anna Sciazko, Yosuke Komatsu, Katsuhiko Nishimura, Naoki Shikazono
Summary: In this study, the electrochemical performance and microstructure evolutions of Ni-M (M = Fe, Cu, Mn) bimetallic fuel electrodes were investigated under SOFC and SOEC operations. The results showed that the electrochemical performance of all Ni-M bimetallic fuel electrodes were lower than pure Ni electrode during SOFC tests, while the degradation rates of Ni-Fe and Ni-Mn electrodes were smaller than the others. Ni migration on YSZ surface was observed for all samples, and such Ni migration was suppressed by Fe and Mn addition, whereas it was enhanced by Cu addition. During SOEC tests, the cell performance degraded with Cu and Fe addition, but improved with Mn addition. The adhesion between Ni film and YSZ substrate was enhanced by doping Fe and Mn, which correlated well with the inhibited degradation in both fuel cell and electrolysis operations. The Ni migration phenomenon is discussed by the strength of Ni-O bond, surface tension and melting point, which are influenced by the addition of transition metal elements.
JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Nur Istiqomah Khamidy, Jerome Laurencin, Dario Ferreira Sanchez, Federico Monaco, Frederic Chariot, Elisabeth Djurado
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2020)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
H. Moussaoui, J. Debayle, Y. Gavet, P. Cloetens, J. Laurencin
Article
Chemistry, Physical
C. Montella, V Tezyk, E. Effori, J. Laurencin, E. Siebert
Summary: The paper presents the classical 1D continuum model of oxygen exchange in a porous mixed conductor in terms of Linear Sweep Voltammetry (LSV) and Cyclic Voltammetry (CV), showing an insertion, diffusion, and chemical reaction mechanism. It establishes general rules for LSV/CV curves and evidences eight different limiting behaviors of the electrochemical model. The theoretical analysis is applied to a porous LSCF oxygen electrode under high-temperature air.
SOLID STATE IONICS
(2021)
Article
Electrochemistry
E. Effori, J. Laurencin, E. Da Rosa Silva, M. Hubert, T. David, M. Petitjean, G. Geneste, L. Dessemond, E. Siebert
Summary: An elementary kinetic model was developed to predict the electrochemical response of porous LSCF and LSCF-CGO electrodes, validated through experiments on symmetrical cells. The model accurately simulates experimental impedance diagrams and the evolution of electrode polarization resistance with oxygen partial pressure. Analysis shows that the transition from bulk to surface reaction paths depends on temperature, polarization, and oxygen partial pressure.
JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2021)
Article
Electrochemistry
Federico Monaco, Elisa Effori, Maxime Hubert, Elisabeth Siebert, Gregory Geneste, Bertrand Morel, Elisabeth Djurado, Dario Montinaro, Jerome Laurencin
Summary: The electrochemical reactions of hydrogen oxidation and steam reduction on a porous cermet electrode made of Ni and 3YSZ were investigated, showing different response mechanisms under anodic and cathodic current. A continuous dynamic model was developed to interpret the experimental results based on charge transfer mechanisms. The electrode response is controlled by charge transfer at triple phase boundary lengths, oxygen vacancies migration in the 3YSZ network, and a purely chemical surface process depending on polarization.
ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
F. Monaco, D. Ferreira-Sanchez, M. Hubert, B. Morel, D. Montinaro, D. Grolimund, J. Laurencin
Summary: Long-term experiments in SOEC and SOFC modes at different temperatures revealed higher degradation and increased ohmic resistance in electrolysis mode, with material destabilization linked to formation of insulating phases due to interlayer diffusion, particularly at higher temperatures.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
E. Effori, J. Laurencin, V Tezyk, C. Montella, L. Dessemond, E. Siebert
Summary: Two numerical models have been developed to simulate the Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) response of Lanthanum Strontium Cobalt Ferrite (LSCF) porous electrode at high temperature. The relevance of model-II to predict the voltammograms has been checked with experimental data obtained at different operating temperatures and imposed scan rates. The peaks of the voltammograms are due to the transient change of the oxygen stoichiometry in LSCF and the voltammograms are strongly distorted by the Ohmic losses.
SOLID STATE IONICS
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Software Engineering
F. L. E. Usseglio-Viretta, P. Patel, E. Bernhardt, A. Mistry, P. P. Mukherjee, J. Allen, S. J. Cooper, J. Laurencin, K. Smith
Summary: MATBOX is an easy-to-use MATLAB application for microstructure numerical analysis and processing. It can be used for different heterogeneous materials and provides a user-friendly interface.
Article
Electrochemistry
G. Sdanghi, L. Yefsah, F. Mauvy, E. Djurado, T. David, J-M Bassat, J. Laurencin
Summary: The reaction mechanisms of La2NiO4+delta oxygen electrodes for Solid Oxide Cells were investigated through experiments and modeling. The study found that the reaction mechanism is dependent on temperature and polarization, and transitions between different mechanisms occur under different conditions.
JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Ceramics
A. Abaza, J. Laurencin, A. Nakajo, M. Hubert, T. David, F. Monaco, C. Lenser, S. Meille
Summary: Micro-compression tests were conducted on plasma focused ion beam milled pillars in porous YSZ pellets. The results showed that the mechanical properties were reproducible due to the homogeneity of the microstructures. The compressive fracture strength was found to decrease with increasing porosity, and a transition from brittle behavior to diffuse damage was observed.
JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN CERAMIC SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
E. Da Rosa Silva, G. Sassone, M. Prioux, M. Hubert, B. Morel, J. Laurencin
Summary: A physical-based model has been developed and validated to understand the relationship between solid oxide cell response and electrode reaction mechanisms. This model combines three length-scale modules to compute reaction rates, current densities, and gas composition. An experimental setup was developed to measure local polarization curves and showed good agreement with simulated data. The validated model was used to analyze cell operation in electrolysis and fuel cell modes, investigating the activated reaction pathways along the cell length.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2023)
Article
Electrochemistry
Lea Rorato, Yijing Shang, Shenglan Yang, Maxime Hubert, Karine Couturier, Lijun Zhang, Julien Vulliet, Ming Chen, Jerome Laurencin
Summary: A long-term test of 2000 h has revealed a strong Ni depletion at the electrolyte interface in a typical solid oxide cell operated in electrolysis mode at -1 A.cm(-2) and 750 degrees C. To explain this phenomenon, an electrochemical and phase-field model has been developed, proposing a mechanism that accounts for the impact of polarization on the Ni/YSZ wettability. The simulations based on this model have demonstrated a strong Ni depletion at the electrolyte interface during electrolysis operation, confirming the relevance of the proposed mechanism.
JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2023)
Review
Energy & Fuels
Silvere Panisset, Monica Burriel, Jerome Laurencin, David Jauffres
Summary: Numerical models are versatile tools for studying and predicting the performance of solid oxide cells (SOCs) based on their microstructure and composition. This article reviews existing models for the oxygen electrode in SOCs and discusses the current challenges of electrode modelling, focusing on better performance and durability prediction, particularly for thin-film SOCs.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-ENERGY
(2023)
Article
Electrochemistry
F. Monaco, M. Hubert, J. Vulliet, J. P. Ouweltjes, D. Montinaro, P. Cloetens, P. Piccardo, F. Lefebvre-Joud, J. Laurencin
JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2019)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Tianyu Chen, Zhibin Lu, Guangjin Zeng, Yongmin Xie, Jie Xiao, Zhifeng Xu
Summary: The study introduces a high-performance LSGM electrolyte-supported tubular DC-SOFC stack for portable applications, which shows great potential in developing into high-performing, efficient, and environmentally friendly portable power sources for distributed applications.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Wenbin Tong, Yili Chen, Shijie Gong, Shaokun Zhu, Jie Tian, Jiaqian Qin, Wenyong Chen, Shuanghong Chen
Summary: In this study, a three-dimensional porous NiO interface layer with enhanced anode dynamics is fabricated, forming a Schottky contact with the zinc substrate, allowing rapid and uniform zinc plating both inside and below the interface layer. The resulting NiO@Zn exhibits exceptional stability and high capacity retention.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yafeng Bai, Kaidi Li, Liying Wang, Yang Gao, Xuesong Li, Xijia Yang, Wei Lu
Summary: In this study, a flexible zinc ion supercapacitor with gel electrolytes, porous alpha-MnO2@reduced graphene oxide cathode, and activated carbon/carbon cloth anode was developed. The device exhibits excellent electrochemical performance and stability, even at low temperatures, with a high cycle retention rate after 5000 cycles.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Anmol Jnawali, Matt D. R. Kok, Francesco Iacoviello, Daniel J. L. Brett, Paul R. Shearing
Summary: This article presents the results of a systematic study on the electrochemical performance and mechanical changes in two types of commercial batteries with different anode chemistry. The study reveals that the swelling of anode layers in batteries with silicon-based components causes deformations in the jelly roll structure, but the presence of a small percentage of silicon does not significantly impact the cycling performance of the cells within the relevant state-of-health range for electric vehicles (EVs). The research suggests that there is room for improving the cell capacities by increasing the silicon loading in composite anodes to meet the increasing demands on EVs.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yohandys A. Zulueta, My Phuong Pham-Ho, Minh Tho Nguyen
Summary: Advanced atomistic simulations were used to study ion transport in the Na- and K-doped lithium disilicate Li2Si2O5. The results showed that Na and K doping significantly enhanced Li ion diffusion and conduction in the material.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Zongying Han, Hui Dong, Yanru Yang, Hao Yu, Zhibin Yang
Summary: An efficient phase inversion-impregnation approach is developed to fabricate BaO-decorated Ni8 mol% YSZ anode-supported tubular solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) with anti-coking properties. BaO nanoislands are successfully introduced inside the Ni-YSZ anode, leading to higher peak power densities and improved stability in methane fuel. Density functional theory calculations suggest that the loading of BaO nanoislands facilitates carbon elimination by capturing and dissociating H2O molecules to generate OH.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Suresh Mamidi, Dan Na, Baeksang Yoon, Henu Sharma, Anil D. Pathak, Kisor Kumar Sahu, Dae Young Lee, Cheul-Ro Lee, Inseok Seo
Summary: Li-CO2 batteries, which utilize CO2 and have a high energy density, are hindered in practical applications due to slow kinetics and safety hazards. This study introduces a stable and highly conductive ceramic-based solid electrolyte and a metal-organic framework catalyst to improve the safety and performance of Li-CO2 batteries. The optimized Li-CO2 cell shows outstanding specific capacity and cycle life, and the post-cycling analysis reveals the degradation mechanism of the electrodes. First-principles calculations based on density functional theory are also performed to understand the interactions between the catalyst and the host electrode. This research demonstrates the potential of MOF cathode catalyst for stable operation in Li-CO2 batteries.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Ganghua Xiang, Zhihuan Qiu, Huilong Fei, Zhigang Liu, Shuangfeng Yin, Yuen Wu
Summary: In this study, a CeFeOx-supported Pt single atoms and subnanometric clusters catalyst was developed, which exhibits enhanced catalytic activity and stability for the preferential oxidation of CO in H2-rich stream through synergistic effect.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Dimitrios Chatzogiannakis, Marcus Fehse, Maria Angeles Cabanero, Natalia Romano, Ashley Black, Damien Saurel, M. Rosa Palacin, Montse Casas-Cabanas
Summary: By coupling electrochemical testing to operando synchrotron based X-ray absorption and powder diffraction experiments, blended positive electrodes consisting of LiMn2O4 spinel (LMO) and layered LiNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2 (NMC) were studied to understand their redox mechanism. It was found that blending NMC with LMO can enhance energy density at high rates, with the blend containing 25% LMO showing the best performance. Testing with a special electrochemical setup revealed that the effective current load on each blend component can vary significantly from the nominal rate and also changes with SoC. Operando studies allowed monitoring of the oxidation state evolution and changes in crystal structure, in line with the expected behavior of individual components considering their electrochemical current loads.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Chiara Cementon, Daniel Dewar, Thrinathreddy Ramireddy, Michael Brennan, Alexey M. Glushenkov
Summary: This Perspective discusses the specific power and power density of lithium-ion capacitors, highlighting the fact that their power characteristics are often underestimated. Through analysis, it is found that lithium-ion capacitors can usually achieve power densities superior to electrochemical supercapacitors, making them excellent alternatives to supercapacitors.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Weihao Wang, Hao Yu, Li Ma, Youquan Zhang, Yuejiao Chen, Libao Chen, Guichao Kuang, Liangjun Zhou, Weifeng Wei
Summary: This study achieved an improved electrolyte with excellent low-temperature and high-voltage performance by regulating the Li+ solvation structure and highly concentrating it. The electrolyte exhibited outstanding oxidation potential and high ionic conductivity under low temperature and high voltage conditions, providing a promising approach for the practical application of high-voltage LIBs.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Martin Bures, Dan Gotz, Jiri Charvat, Milos Svoboda, Jaromir Pocedic, Juraj Kosek, Alexandr Zubov, Petr Mazur
Summary: Vanadium redox flow battery is a promising energy storage solution with long-term durability, non-flammability, and high overall efficiency. Researchers have developed a mathematical model to simulate the charge-discharge cycling of the battery, and found that hydraulic connection of electrolyte tanks is the most effective strategy to reduce capacity losses, achieving a 69% reduction.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
M. Rodriguez-Gomez, J. Campo, A. Orera, F. de La Fuente, J. Valenciano, H. Fricke, D. S. Hussey, Y. Chen, D. Yu, K. An, A. Larrea
Summary: In this study, we analysed the operando performance of industrial lead cells using neutron diffraction experiments. The experiments revealed the evolution of different phases in the positive electrode, showed significant inhomogeneity of phase distribution inside the electrode, and estimated the energy efficiency of the cells.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jiawei Liu, Chenpeng Wang, Yue Yao, Hao Ye, Yinglong Liu, Yingli Liu, Xiaoru Xu, Zhicong Chen, Huazheng Yang, Gang Wu, Libin Lei, Chao Wang, Bo Liang
Summary: The study focuses on utilizing double conductive Ni-pads as anode collectors in micro-tubular solid oxide fuel cells. The simulation results show excellent performance and stability of DCNPs, and also highlight the potential applications in various fields.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yang Wang, Kangjie Zhou, Lang Cui, Jiabing Mei, Shengnan Li, Le Li, Wei Fan, Longsheng Zhang, Tianxi Liu
Summary: This study presents a polyimide sandwiched separator (s-PIF) for improving the cycling stability of Li-metal batteries. The s-PIF separator exhibits superior mechanical property, electrolyte adsorption/retention and ion conductivity, and enables dendrite-free Li plating/stripping process.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
