Article
Chemistry, Physical
Uday Raj Singh, Satyasekhar Bhogilla, Ines Hauer
Summary: With the increasing use of fossil fuels, it is crucial to develop new technologies based on renewable energy sources for fuel-powered vehicles. A fuel cell is an electrochemical cell that converts fuel energy directly into electricity. Fuel cells have advantages such as small size, high efficiency, and silent operation. This paper focuses on the performance evaluation of an integrated system consisting of a Polymer Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) and a vapor adsorption refrigeration system to simultaneously produce electric power and cooling effect. The study demonstrates a significant improvement in the performance of the integrated system compared to PEMFC alone, with maximum system energy and exergy efficiency achieved at 63.01% and 29.88% respectively. In addition, a maximum energy efficiency of 65.39% is reported at an evaporator temperature of 5 °C and a current density of 0.8 A/cm2.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Yuhang Wang, Huiying Zhang, Jianhui Qi, Kuihua Han, Suoying He, Chang Guo, Shen Cheng, Ming Gao
Summary: This study presents a novel integrated energy system coupling PEMFC, ORC system, and MH hydrogen storage system to improve energy utilization through waste heat recovery. The system shows significantly improved performance compared to a single PEMFC, with a rise in output power, electrical efficiency, energy efficiency, and exergy efficiency. Parameters such as superheat temperature, saturation pressure, and hydrogen weight fraction have a significant impact on system performance.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Shanshan Cai, Yuqi Zou, Xiaobing Luo, Zhengkai Tu
Summary: This study proposed a combined cooling and power system utilizing natural cold source and another system without using natural cold source, providing seamless power and cooling matching for data centers through new operational strategies. Results show that by using designed operational strategies, power and cooling supplies can almost perfectly match the requirements of the data center, with annual energy efficiencies exceeding 85% for both systems.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Xinyu Lu, Banghua Du, Wenchao Zhu, Yang Yang, Changjun Xie, Zhengkai Tu, Bo Zhao, Leiqi Zhang, Jie Song, Zhanfeng Deng
Summary: A novel hybrid CHP system combining PEMFC with ORC is proposed in this study to enhance the electrical efficiency of PEMFC CHP systems. The system recovers waste heat from various sources and generates electricity through the ORC subsystem. The thermodynamic model shows improved energy efficiency and exergy efficiency compared to typical systems, and the economic analysis demonstrates a cost advantage under certain conditions.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Lixin Fan, Yang Liu, Xiaobing Luo, Zhengkai Tu, Siew Hwa Chan
Summary: The proportion of renewable energy is increasing in the global energy structure, requiring a range of clean energy resources and technologies for deep decarbonization. This study proposes two proton exchange membrane fuel cell combined heat and power systems with different cooling methods and compares their adaptability to meet the MW-class thermal demand in different cities in China. The results show that the PEMFC-CHP system with phase change heat pump cooling significantly improves overall efficiency but sacrifices electricity efficiency compared to conventional liquid cooling. Liquid cooling is more suitable for above-zero winter temperatures, while phase change heat pump cooling is more adaptable to colder zones and can reduce costs.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Zheng Liang, Yingzong Liang, Xianglong Luo, Huasheng Wang, Wei Wu, Jianyong Chen, Ying Chen
Summary: The methanol-steam-reforming proton exchange membrane fuel cell system is a promising option for distributed cogeneration. The proposed equation-based optimization framework integrates heat and flowsheet optimization for the combined cooling, heating, and power system based on this fuel cell. Applying this framework to a 1000 kWe system achieved significantly higher energy and exergy efficiency, along with reduced levelized cost of electricity compared to a conventional design.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Asif Jamil, Sikander Rafiq, Tanveer Iqbal, Hafiza Aroosa Aslam Khan, Haris Mahmood Khan, Babar Azeem, M. Z. Mustafa, Abdulkader S. Hanbazazah
Summary: Fuel cells are environmentally friendly technology with high efficiency and economic advantages. Proton exchange membranes, especially for hydrogen fuel cells, have great potential but face challenges in terms of cost and degradation of proton exchange capacity over time.
Article
Thermodynamics
Nan Xie, Zhenyu Xiao, Wei Du, Chengwei Deng, Zhiqiang Liu, Sheng Yang
Summary: This study investigates the energetic and exergoeconomic performance of an integrated system consisting of biomass gasification, proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), and absorption chiller. The system energy efficiency is found to be 57.41%, while the exergy efficiency is 18.07%. Parametric analysis and uncertainty analysis further reveal the effects of key operational parameters and uncertain parameters.
Article
Thermodynamics
Mahmood Mehregan, Mohammad Sheykhi, Behrad Alizadeh Kharkeshi, Amin Emamian, Karim Aliakbari, Nima Rafiee
Summary: A new combined heat and power (CHP) system is proposed, which combines a proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell and a beta type Stirling engine. Two thermodynamic models are used to analyze the performance of the system and its impact on energy, environment, and economic factors. The optimization results show that the recommended engine speed, fuel cell temperature, and current density are 3000 rpm, 94.5 degrees C, and 0.67 A cm-2, respectively. Additionally, if the goal is to maximize CHP efficiency and reduce CO2 emissions, starting the system with slightly lower engine speed, lower temperature, and higher current density is recommended.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Huizhong Gao, Zhijie Wang, Shaoping Yin, Jun Lu, Zhaoyuan Guo, Weifeng Ma
Summary: Fuel cell is a new kind of energy supply equipment with advantages of high efficiency, low noise, and no emission, suitable for unmanned underwater vehicles. The energy management system is crucial for operating performance, and an online adaptive energy management strategy is proposed. Results show that the proposed algorithm achieves close to optimal solution with reduced hydrogen consumption compared to traditional online methods.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Banghua Du, Shihao Zhu, Wenchao Zhu, Xinyu Lu, Yang Li, Changjun Xie, Bo Zhao, Leiqi Zhang, Guizhi Xu, Jie Song
Summary: To optimize the performance of integrated hydrogen energy utilization systems, coordination of energy management and efficient waste heat recovery is necessary. This paper presents a comprehensive modeling and energy management strategy that enhances off-grid energy utilization rate and prolongs component lifetime. The proposed strategy reduces short-term power impacts and increases energy efficiency.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Zhiyang Liu, Jian Chen, Lalitesh Kumar, Lei Jin, Lianghui Huang
Summary: As one of the most promising sustainable energy technologies available today, proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) engines are becoming increasingly popular in various applications, especially in transportation vehicles. However, controlling the temperature distribution in single cells and stacks poses challenges due to the complexity and severity of vehicle operating conditions. This paper proposes a decoupling controller to simultaneously control the inlet and outlet coolant water temperature of the PEMFC stack, and proves its closed-loop stability. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness, accuracy, and reliability of the proposed decoupling controller in accurately controlling the temperature of the PEMFC stack cooling water.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Wei Wu, Chong Zhai, Yunren Sui, Houcheng Zhang
Summary: The study proposes a novel PEMFC distributed energy system integrated with a hybrid-energy heat pump, which can switch between a single absorption heat pump and a hybrid absorption compression heat pump based on waste heat availability. Optimization results in a maximum equivalent power density of 4.341 kW/m(2) in cooling mode and 5.357 kW/m(2) in heating mode for the integrated system.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Rui Jiao Yu, Hang Guo, Hao Chen, Fang Ye
Summary: Mass transfer between cathode catalyst layer and gas diffusion layer reflects the reactant content entering into the catalyst layer and the production content discharged. Heat transfer inside the fuel cell is closely related to the electrochemical reaction and affects the reaction rate. Investigating heat and mass transfer at the interface helps understand the influence of various parameters on cell performance. The study found that more platinum or carbon loading enhances heat and mass transfer, but excessive loading affects cell durability. The porosity of the gas diffusion layer and the ionomer content in the catalyst layer have different effects on cell performance under different voltages.
INTERNATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS IN HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2023)
Review
Energy & Fuels
Nur Ain Masleeza Harun, Norazuwana Shaari, Nik Farah Hanis Nik Zaiman
Summary: SPEEK is recognized as a promising alternative PEM in fuel cell applications due to its advantageous properties, but its proton conductivity is influenced by the degree of sulfonation. While high DS of SPEEK can produce high proton conductivity, excessive production of DS may have side effects on membrane stability. Therefore, finding the optimal DS of SPEEK is crucial for fabricating PEM alternatives.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Tianyu Chen, Zhibin Lu, Guangjin Zeng, Yongmin Xie, Jie Xiao, Zhifeng Xu
Summary: The study introduces a high-performance LSGM electrolyte-supported tubular DC-SOFC stack for portable applications, which shows great potential in developing into high-performing, efficient, and environmentally friendly portable power sources for distributed applications.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Wenbin Tong, Yili Chen, Shijie Gong, Shaokun Zhu, Jie Tian, Jiaqian Qin, Wenyong Chen, Shuanghong Chen
Summary: In this study, a three-dimensional porous NiO interface layer with enhanced anode dynamics is fabricated, forming a Schottky contact with the zinc substrate, allowing rapid and uniform zinc plating both inside and below the interface layer. The resulting NiO@Zn exhibits exceptional stability and high capacity retention.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yafeng Bai, Kaidi Li, Liying Wang, Yang Gao, Xuesong Li, Xijia Yang, Wei Lu
Summary: In this study, a flexible zinc ion supercapacitor with gel electrolytes, porous alpha-MnO2@reduced graphene oxide cathode, and activated carbon/carbon cloth anode was developed. The device exhibits excellent electrochemical performance and stability, even at low temperatures, with a high cycle retention rate after 5000 cycles.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Anmol Jnawali, Matt D. R. Kok, Francesco Iacoviello, Daniel J. L. Brett, Paul R. Shearing
Summary: This article presents the results of a systematic study on the electrochemical performance and mechanical changes in two types of commercial batteries with different anode chemistry. The study reveals that the swelling of anode layers in batteries with silicon-based components causes deformations in the jelly roll structure, but the presence of a small percentage of silicon does not significantly impact the cycling performance of the cells within the relevant state-of-health range for electric vehicles (EVs). The research suggests that there is room for improving the cell capacities by increasing the silicon loading in composite anodes to meet the increasing demands on EVs.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yohandys A. Zulueta, My Phuong Pham-Ho, Minh Tho Nguyen
Summary: Advanced atomistic simulations were used to study ion transport in the Na- and K-doped lithium disilicate Li2Si2O5. The results showed that Na and K doping significantly enhanced Li ion diffusion and conduction in the material.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Zongying Han, Hui Dong, Yanru Yang, Hao Yu, Zhibin Yang
Summary: An efficient phase inversion-impregnation approach is developed to fabricate BaO-decorated Ni8 mol% YSZ anode-supported tubular solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) with anti-coking properties. BaO nanoislands are successfully introduced inside the Ni-YSZ anode, leading to higher peak power densities and improved stability in methane fuel. Density functional theory calculations suggest that the loading of BaO nanoislands facilitates carbon elimination by capturing and dissociating H2O molecules to generate OH.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Suresh Mamidi, Dan Na, Baeksang Yoon, Henu Sharma, Anil D. Pathak, Kisor Kumar Sahu, Dae Young Lee, Cheul-Ro Lee, Inseok Seo
Summary: Li-CO2 batteries, which utilize CO2 and have a high energy density, are hindered in practical applications due to slow kinetics and safety hazards. This study introduces a stable and highly conductive ceramic-based solid electrolyte and a metal-organic framework catalyst to improve the safety and performance of Li-CO2 batteries. The optimized Li-CO2 cell shows outstanding specific capacity and cycle life, and the post-cycling analysis reveals the degradation mechanism of the electrodes. First-principles calculations based on density functional theory are also performed to understand the interactions between the catalyst and the host electrode. This research demonstrates the potential of MOF cathode catalyst for stable operation in Li-CO2 batteries.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Ganghua Xiang, Zhihuan Qiu, Huilong Fei, Zhigang Liu, Shuangfeng Yin, Yuen Wu
Summary: In this study, a CeFeOx-supported Pt single atoms and subnanometric clusters catalyst was developed, which exhibits enhanced catalytic activity and stability for the preferential oxidation of CO in H2-rich stream through synergistic effect.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Dimitrios Chatzogiannakis, Marcus Fehse, Maria Angeles Cabanero, Natalia Romano, Ashley Black, Damien Saurel, M. Rosa Palacin, Montse Casas-Cabanas
Summary: By coupling electrochemical testing to operando synchrotron based X-ray absorption and powder diffraction experiments, blended positive electrodes consisting of LiMn2O4 spinel (LMO) and layered LiNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2 (NMC) were studied to understand their redox mechanism. It was found that blending NMC with LMO can enhance energy density at high rates, with the blend containing 25% LMO showing the best performance. Testing with a special electrochemical setup revealed that the effective current load on each blend component can vary significantly from the nominal rate and also changes with SoC. Operando studies allowed monitoring of the oxidation state evolution and changes in crystal structure, in line with the expected behavior of individual components considering their electrochemical current loads.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Chiara Cementon, Daniel Dewar, Thrinathreddy Ramireddy, Michael Brennan, Alexey M. Glushenkov
Summary: This Perspective discusses the specific power and power density of lithium-ion capacitors, highlighting the fact that their power characteristics are often underestimated. Through analysis, it is found that lithium-ion capacitors can usually achieve power densities superior to electrochemical supercapacitors, making them excellent alternatives to supercapacitors.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Weihao Wang, Hao Yu, Li Ma, Youquan Zhang, Yuejiao Chen, Libao Chen, Guichao Kuang, Liangjun Zhou, Weifeng Wei
Summary: This study achieved an improved electrolyte with excellent low-temperature and high-voltage performance by regulating the Li+ solvation structure and highly concentrating it. The electrolyte exhibited outstanding oxidation potential and high ionic conductivity under low temperature and high voltage conditions, providing a promising approach for the practical application of high-voltage LIBs.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Martin Bures, Dan Gotz, Jiri Charvat, Milos Svoboda, Jaromir Pocedic, Juraj Kosek, Alexandr Zubov, Petr Mazur
Summary: Vanadium redox flow battery is a promising energy storage solution with long-term durability, non-flammability, and high overall efficiency. Researchers have developed a mathematical model to simulate the charge-discharge cycling of the battery, and found that hydraulic connection of electrolyte tanks is the most effective strategy to reduce capacity losses, achieving a 69% reduction.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
M. Rodriguez-Gomez, J. Campo, A. Orera, F. de La Fuente, J. Valenciano, H. Fricke, D. S. Hussey, Y. Chen, D. Yu, K. An, A. Larrea
Summary: In this study, we analysed the operando performance of industrial lead cells using neutron diffraction experiments. The experiments revealed the evolution of different phases in the positive electrode, showed significant inhomogeneity of phase distribution inside the electrode, and estimated the energy efficiency of the cells.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jiawei Liu, Chenpeng Wang, Yue Yao, Hao Ye, Yinglong Liu, Yingli Liu, Xiaoru Xu, Zhicong Chen, Huazheng Yang, Gang Wu, Libin Lei, Chao Wang, Bo Liang
Summary: The study focuses on utilizing double conductive Ni-pads as anode collectors in micro-tubular solid oxide fuel cells. The simulation results show excellent performance and stability of DCNPs, and also highlight the potential applications in various fields.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yang Wang, Kangjie Zhou, Lang Cui, Jiabing Mei, Shengnan Li, Le Li, Wei Fan, Longsheng Zhang, Tianxi Liu
Summary: This study presents a polyimide sandwiched separator (s-PIF) for improving the cycling stability of Li-metal batteries. The s-PIF separator exhibits superior mechanical property, electrolyte adsorption/retention and ion conductivity, and enables dendrite-free Li plating/stripping process.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)