Article
Soil Science
Jin-Tao Li, Huimin Xu, Lettice C. Hicks, Albert C. Brangari, Johannes Rousk
Summary: Climate change is expected to affect soil drying-rewetting (D/RW) and freezing-thawing (F/TW) events, with consequences for microbial activities. Previous research has shown that microbial responses to D/RW can either be resilient or sensitive, but it remains unknown if these responses also occur after F/TW. This study compared microbial responses to D/RW and F/TW and found that both events can induce distinct microbial perturbation responses, with F/TW imposing a similar but less severe stress on soil microorganisms compared to D/RW. However, microbial carbon-use efficiency (CUE) remains stable in response to both types of perturbation.
SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Annelein Meisner, Basten L. Snoek, Joseph Nesme, Elizabeth Dent, Samuel Jacquiod, Aimee T. Classen, Anders Prieme
Summary: Climate change alters frequencies and intensities of soil drying-rewetting and freezing-thawing cycles, impacting soil water availability crucial for microbial activity. Experiments show that drying-rewetting cycles have stronger effects on soil microbial communities and CO2 production than freezing-thawing cycles.
Review
Environmental Sciences
Martin J. Siegert, Mike J. Bentley, Angus Atkinson, Thomas J. Bracegirdle, Peter Convey, Bethan Davies, Rod Downie, Anna E. Hogg, Caroline Holmes, Kevin A. Hughes, Michael P. Meredith, Neil Ross, Jane Rumble, Jeremy Wilkinson
Summary: There is increasing evidence that fossil fuel burning has led to the increased occurrence and severity of extreme environmental events. This study examines evidence for extreme events in Antarctica and the Southern Ocean and highlights the vulnerability of natural Antarctic systems. It predicts that future Antarctic extreme events will be more severe due to further heating and the need for drastic action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
FRONTIERS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Saahil Shenoy, Dimitry Gorinevsky, Kevin E. Trenberth, Steven Chu
Summary: By analyzing temperature and rainfall data, we found that there is an increasing trend in extreme climate events in the continental United States over the past 41 years. The risk of high-temperature events has increased 2.1-fold, with a 2.6-fold increase from July to October. On the other hand, the risk of high rainfall extremes has increased 1.4-fold in December and January but decreased by 22% during the spring and summer months.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Janis Balodis, Madara Normand, Inese Varna
Summary: The study analyzed the impact of space weather on Latvian GPS observations, focusing on faults and extreme space weather events. Out of over 36 million position determination solutions examined, a small percentage were found to contain errors, with an extremely low percentage having errors exceeding 50 meters.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Xiaodong Xin, Wei Qiu
Summary: This study elucidated the microbial mechanism associated with bioelectricity output in microbial fuel cells (MFCs) fed with different substrates and proposed a schematic representation of cooperative interactions in anodic microbial consortia. The F/T liquid cultivated functional microbial groups for organics degradation and electrogenesis, while fermentation liquor fostered higher microbial diversity and electrogenesis efficiency.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Didac Pascual, Margareta Johansson
Summary: Winter warming events have significant impacts on the permafrost in the Arctic, with rain on snow events having a stronger influence on summer ground temperatures and active layer thickness.
WEATHER AND CLIMATE EXTREMES
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Software Engineering
Carolina Veiga Ferreira de Souza, Priscila da Cunha Luz Barcellos, Lhaylla Crissaff, Marcio Cataldi, Fabio Miranda, Marcos Lage
Summary: Extreme weather events over the last 20 years have resulted in significant loss of life and economic damage, particularly impacting low and lower-middle income countries. To mitigate these impacts, researchers have developed numerical weather models for advance warning, but these models can be uncertain. This paper proposes an interactive visual analytics system, X-WEATHER, that provides statistical and probability-based visualizations for assessing extreme weather events.
COMPUTERS & GRAPHICS-UK
(2022)
Article
Ecology
Rosalind J. Dodd, David R. Chadwick, Ian M. Harris, Adrian Hines, Dan Hollis, Theodoros Economou, Dylan Gwynn-Jones, John Scullion, David A. Robinson, David L. Jones
Summary: Recent research has found significant increases in the intensity, direction of change, and spatial position of extreme weather events since 1961. All land uses are impacted by the increasing risk of at least one extreme event, while conservation areas are identified as hotspots for the co-occurrence of multiple event types.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Walter Leal Filho, M. Balasubramanian, Wendy Purcell, Shlomit Paz
Summary: This commentary provides an overview and summary of the health impacts of extreme climate events, and suggests measures to enhance the preparedness of the health sector to cope with such events associated with climate change.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES EUROPE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Tackseung Jun, Rajiv Sethi
Summary: The study found that weather-induced conflicts during the three ancient kingdoms period on the Korean Peninsula were significant, but more opportunistic than desperate, with states more likely to be invaded than initiate attacks. Food insecurity was identified as a main factor leading to opportunistic invasions, weakening states' power to repel attacks. Given the projected increase in extreme weather events due to climate change, these historical findings have contemporary relevance.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Coco Ka Hei Cheung, Christelle Not
Summary: This study reveals the significant impact of weather factors on coastal microplastic pollution, with extreme weather events leading to higher levels of microplastics in both beach sediment and surface seawater. The study identifies positive correlations between plastic levels and multiple weather factors, suggesting the potential inputs of microplastics from terrestrial sources via surface runoff and wind transport. The findings also indicate the potential fragmentation of plastics under strong wave abrasion, which intensifies coastal microplastic pollution.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
John George Richmond, Rowena Hill
Summary: This study explores how local resilience structures in England can be utilized to achieve a comprehensive response to extreme heat events with the participation of the whole society. Based on a literature review, the study draws insights from research on health emergency response and extreme heat events in England. The findings suggest that local resilience forums play a critical role in addressing extreme heat events by tailoring information and resources to specific target groups within communities.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Rui Zong, Zhenhua Wang, Wenhao Li, Olusola O. Ayantobo, Haiqiang Li, Libing Song
Summary: In drylands, seasonal freezing and thawing have a significant negative impact on soil microbial quality and multifunctionality, leading to soil degeneration in agroecosystems. Freezing and thawing promote the release of nutrients but decrease the microbial biomass carbon content. Fungal and bacterial communities in the soil are significantly affected, with fungal richness and diversity decreasing while bacterial diversity and evenness increasing.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Fei Su, Yinghua Li, Jie Qian, Yiyan Wang, Yue Zhang
Summary: Subsurface wastewater infiltration systems (SWIS) is an efficient and economical sewage treatment technology with minimal temperature impact. This study investigated the effects of freeze-thaw cycles on N2O release, microbial composition, and denitrogenate activity in SWIS. Results showed that N2O release was correlated with freeze-thaw cycles, with the anaerobic layer as the main contributor. Firmicutes was identified as an important biomarker for N2O release under freeze-thaw conditions.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Liyuan He, David A. Lipson, Jorge L. Mazza Rodrigues, Melanie Mayes, Robert G. Bjork, Bruno Glaser, Peter Thornton, Xiaofeng Xu
Summary: Explicitly representing microbial processes in the CLM-Microbe model improves the simulation of soil carbon and climate dynamics. The model shows good performance in capturing seasonal dynamics of fungal and bacterial biomass across different biomes, with some variations in certain biomes due to small sample sizes. Sensitivity analysis indicates that turnover rate, carbon-to-nitrogen ratio, and microbial assimilation efficiency are critical parameters for modeling soil microbial mechanisms.
JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MODELING EARTH SYSTEMS
(2021)
Correction
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Julian Struck, Marcel Bliedtner, Paul Strobel, Lucas Bittner, Enkhtuya Bazarradnaa, Darima Andreeva, Wolfgang Zech, Bruno Glaser, Michael Zech, Roland Zech
FRONTIERS IN EARTH SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Geography, Physical
Georg Miehe, Shabeh ul Hasson, Bruno Glaser, Steffen Mischke, Juergen Boehner, Willem O. van der Knaap, Jacqueline F. N. van Leeuwen, La Duo, Sabine Miehe, Torsten Haberzettl
Summary: The study revealed the regional climate effects brought by the Himalayan arc, persistence of life during the Last Glacial Maximum, shifts in ecosystems, continuous fire records possibly linked to human activity, and the emergence of pastoralism during the early Mid Holocene Climatic Optimum, highlighting a significant gap between paleo-ecological and archaeological evidence.
QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Arthur Gross, Bruno Glaser
Summary: The application of manure in agricultural soils can significantly increase SOC stocks, with factors such as tillage systems, climate conditions, soil types, and types of manure playing important roles in the dynamics of SOC stocks.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Bruk Lemma, Lucas Bittner, Bruno Glaser, Seifu Kebede, Sileshi Nemomissa, Wolfgang Zech, Michael Zech
Summary: The study focused on the isotopic composition of leaf wax-derived n-alkane and hemicellulose-derived sugar biomarkers as valuable proxies for paleoclimate reconstructions. Isotopic values were measured from samples along the Bale Mountains in Ethiopia, showing species-dependence and highlighting the importance of considering vegetation changes in paleoclimate studies.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Benjawan Tanunchai, Kantida Juncheed, Sara Fareed Mohamed Wahdan, Vusal Guliyev, Maria Udovenko, Ann-Sophie Lehnert, Eliane Gomes Alves, Bruno Glaser, Matthias Noll, Francois Buscot, Evgenia Blagodatskaya, Witoon Purahong
Summary: The addition of a high load of PBSA to soil can significantly reduce the richness of archaea and fungi, as well as cause substantial changes in the composition of bacterial and fungal communities. The combined effects of PBSA and (NH4)2SO4 fertilization have a greater impact on soil microbiome than PBSA alone. While opportunistic human pathogens were only detected in low abundance, plant pathogenic fungi were found on PBSA films and in surrounding soil.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES EUROPE
(2021)
Article
Soil Science
Rattan Lal, Johan Bouma, Eric Brevik, Lorna Dawson, Damien J. Field, Bruno Glaser, Ryusuke Hatano, Alfred E. Hartemink, Takashi Kosaki, Bruce Lascelles, Curtis Monger, Cristine Muggler, Georges Martial Ndzana, Stefan Norra, Xicai Pan, Remigio Paradelo, Laura Bertha Reyes-Sanchez, Taru Sanden, Bal Ram Singh, Heide Spiegel, Junta Yanai, Jiabao Zhang
Summary: Strengthening understanding of soil properties and processes at national and regional scales is critical for achieving the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), while sustainable management of soil health is important for achieving multiple SDGs.
Article
Forestry
Irene Criscuoli, Maurizio Ventura, Katja Wiedner, Bruno Glaser, Pietro Panzacchi, Christian Ceccon, Maximilian Loesch, Barbara Raifer, Giustino Tonon
Summary: Biochar has been proven to enhance soil quality and crop yields, while also sequestering carbon in the soil for a long time to mitigate climate change. However, the variability in biochar stability in different environmental and agricultural conditions requires further research for verification.
Article
Agronomy
Arthur Gross, Tobias Bromm, Bruno Glaser
Summary: Biochar application to soil has the potential to effectively sequester carbon in the long term, with higher effectiveness in medium to long-term experiments. Organic fertilizer co-applications and biochar from plant material are shown to further increase soil organic carbon levels.
Article
Agronomy
Larissa Frey, Benjawan Tanunchai, Bruno Glaser
Summary: Livestock excrements used as natural fertilizer may be contaminated with antibiotics residues, posing a risk to the environment. A study found that pig manure and slurry from European countries contained fluoroquinolones, sulfonamides, and tetracyclines, with levels exceeding the proposed EU threshold in many countries. Antibiotics residues were also detected in soil, water, and plants in various countries, emphasizing the need to reduce the use of veterinary antibiotics to mitigate contamination risks.
AGRONOMY FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
(2022)
Article
Polymer Science
Vusal Guliyev, Benjawan Tanunchai, Maria Udovenko, Oleg Menyailo, Bruno Glaser, Witoon Purahong, Francois Buscot, Evgenia Blagodatskaya
Summary: Expanding the use of environmentally friendly materials to protect the environment is important for maintaining a sustainable ecological balance. In this study, the decomposition process of PBSA and its impact on carbon stored in soil were investigated using stable isotope technique.
Article
Horticulture
Bruno Glaser, Angela Amma Asieduaa Asomah
Summary: This study compared different biochar-containing growing media with peat-based growing media and found that Sonnenerde containing biochar had the potential to increase plant yield.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Bruno Glaser, Marie Guenther, Heike Maennicke, Tobias Bromm
Summary: Biochar is a promising CDR technology, and the BPCA method can be used to assess its stability and carbon sequestration potential. Comparing traditional high-pressure nitric acid oxidation with a microwave-assisted digestion technique, it was found that digestion in a microwave reaction system at 190°C for 1 hour can substitute the conventional method at 170°C for 8 hours.
Article
Ecology
Johannes Hepp, Christoph Mayr, Kazimierz Rozanski, Imke Kathrin Schaefer, Mario Tuthorn, Bruno Glaser, Dieter Juchelka, Willibald Stichler, Roland Zech, Michael Zech
Summary: The study demonstrates that using leaf-wax-derived biomarkers and isotopic composition of sugars from hemicellulose can reconstruct leaf water isotopic composition, and has the potential for relative humidity reconstructions.
Article
Geology
Michael Zech, Marcel Lerch, Marcel Bliedtner, Tobias Bromm, Fabian Seemann, Soenke Szidat, Gary Salazar, Roland Zech, Bruno Glaser, Jean Nicolas Haas, Dieter Schaefer, Clemens Geitner
Summary: Archaeological research in high mountain regions has increased since the discovery of the copper age mummy Otzi in 1991. The Mesolithic site Ullafelsen in the Tyrolean Stubai Alps presents intriguing research questions related to pedogenesis and landscape evolution, with new analyses contributing to a better understanding of the area. The study suggests that vegetation changes occurred around the Ullafelsen, with evidence of human impact from the Mesolithic period onwards.
E&G QUATERNARY SCIENCE JOURNAL
(2021)
