Review
Clinical Neurology
Paula M. Calvo, Rosendo G. Hernandez, Angel M. Pastor, Rosa R. de la Cruz
Summary: VEGF deficiency is associated with neurodegenerative diseases, and treatment with VEGF can improve motor function and reduce motoneuronal degeneration. Low plasma levels of VEGF are also associated with ALS.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Ping Wang, Fan-Zhi Kong, Xiao-Hong Hong, Li Zhang, Wan-Hong Zhao, Jin-Cui Yang, Heng Zhang
Summary: A high shortening diet may contribute to obesity and depressive behaviors, which are regulated by neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS).
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Chih-Hsien Wu, Yi-Lin Chiu, Chung-Yueh Hsieh, Guo-Shiang Tsung, Lian-Shan Wu, Cheng-Chung Cheng, Tsung-Neng Tsai
Summary: Cilostazol exerts antithrombotic and vasculoprotective effects in endothelial cells by activating KLF2 and SIRT1.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Stanislav Rodkin, Valentina Dzreyan, Mikhail Bibov, Alexey Ermakov, Tatyana Derezina, Evgeniya Kirichenko
Summary: Peripheral-nerve injury can cause disability, and there is currently a lack of clinically effective neuroprotectors. This study investigated the role of NO-dependent expression of p53 in the death of neurons and glial cells following axotomy. The results showed that axotomy led to redistribution of p53 in neurons, and the application of a NO donor increased p53 levels in nuclei and cytoplasm of neurons, as well as karyoplasm of glial cells. In contrast, inhibition of iNOS had a neuroprotective effect. These findings suggest that the NO-dependent expression of p53 may play a signaling mechanism in neural and glial cell death after axotomy.
Article
Cell Biology
Jeeyoung Lee, Soumyadeep Dey, Praveen K. Rajvanshi, Randall K. Merling, Ruifeng Teng, Heather M. Rogers, Constance T. Noguchi
Summary: Erythropoietin (EPO) is produced in the kidney in response to hypoxia and is essential for red blood cell production. In addition to its role in erythropoiesis, EPO also increases the production of nitric oxide (NO) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in non-erythroid tissue, which improves oxygen delivery. This study found that during erythroid differentiation, EPO induces neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and that nNOS is required for a normal erythropoietic response.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Analia G. Karadayian, Juanita Bustamante, Silvia Lores-Arnaiz
Summary: The residual effects of acute ethanol exposure (hangover) on NO metabolism were significantly evident in synaptosomes, likely due to disruption in the NMDAR/PSD95/nNOS pathway.
NITRIC OXIDE-BIOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Utpal Kumar Adhikari, Elif Sakiz, Xian Zhou, Umma Habiba, Sachin Kumar, Meena Mikhael, Matteo Senesi, Chun Guang Li, Gilles J. Guillemin, Lezanne Ooi, Monique Antoinette David, Steven Collins, Tim Karl, Mourad Tayebi
Summary: This study demonstrated that cross-linking PrP(C) with anti-PrP antibodies triggers a neuronal hypersensitivity response and emphasizes the crucial role of microglia in initiating an IgG-mediated neuronal hypersensitivity response. Furthermore, it suggests the importance of including allergenic evaluation of therapeutic antibodies for neurodegenerative disorders to develop safe and targeted biotherapeutics.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Kevin O'Gallagher, Francesca Puledda, Owen O'Daly, Matthew Ryan, Luke Dancy, Philip J. Chowienczyk, Fernando Zelaya, Peter J. Goadsby, Ajay M. Shah
Summary: This study reveals the fundamental physiological role of nNOS in regulating cerebral blood flow and functional connectivity in the human hippocampus.
CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kundan Solanki, Sajjan Rajpoot, Evgeny E. Bezsonov, Alexander N. Orekhov, Rohit Saluja, Anita Wary, Cassondra Axen, Kishore Wary, Mirza S. Baig
Summary: This article discusses the importance of nitric oxide synthases 1 (NOS1) and its byproduct nitric oxide (NO) in different tissues and diseases, highlighting the significance of understanding NOS1-derived NO signaling and identification of NO-metabolites for disease diagnosis and prognosis.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Wenpeng Song, Yiming Yuan, Xiaohui Tan, Yangyang Gu, Jianyu Zeng, Weidong Song, Zhongcheng Xin, Dong Fang, Ruili Guan
Summary: This study investigated the effect and mechanism of Icariside II on the rapid phosphorylation of eNOS. The results demonstrated that Icariside II can promote cell proliferation and nitric oxide release, and regulate the phosphorylation of eNOS through multiple signaling pathways.
Article
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Jie Zhang, Ximing Wang, Yu Cui, Shan Jiang, Jin Wei, Jenna Chan, Anish Thalakola, Thanh Le, Lan Xu, Liang Zhao, Lei Wang, Kun Jiang, Feng Cheng, Trushar Patel, Jacentha Buggs, Volker Vallon, Ruisheng Liu
Summary: This study investigates the mechanism of hypertension in patients with diabetes and suggests that in early diabetes, upregulation of NOS1 in the macula densa plays a role in inhibiting TGF and increasing glomerular filtration rate, which helps in maintaining normal blood pressure.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Somy Yoon, Mira Kim, Hangyeol Lee, Gaeun Kang, Kenneth Bedi, Kenneth B. Margulies, Rajan Jain, Kwang-Il Nam, Hyun Kook, Gwang Hyeon Eom
Summary: The study reveals that neuronal nitric oxide synthase induces diastolic dysfunction by S-nitrosylation of HDAC2, suggesting a new therapeutic platform for refractory heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.
Article
Neurosciences
Seung-Chan Kim, Jae-Yong Park, Eun Mi Hwang
Summary: Astrocytes play important roles in synaptic plasticity and neuroprotection, and inducing apoptosis of these cells in the hippocampus of transgenic mice leads to transient depletion followed by recovery of cell number and function without significant neurotoxicity. The findings provide valuable insights into the dynamics of astrocytes and their potential implications for neuronal protection.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Guomin Ren, Nedaa Al-Jezani, Pamela Railton, James N. Powell, Roman J. Krawetz
Summary: Studies have shown that CCL22 has pro-inflammatory effects on fibroblast-like synoviocytes, suppressing IL-4 and IL-10 expression while promoting S100A12 expression. The response of synoviocytes to CCL22 is not dependent on the disease state of the joint, but is correlated with the individual's synovial fluid level of CCL22. CCL22 induction of S100A12 in synoviocytes is attenuated after knockdown of CCR3, indicating a potential feedforward pro-inflammatory mechanism.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Arjun Pendharkar, Daniel Smerin, Lorenzo Gonzalez, Eric H. Wang, Sabrina Levy, Stephanie Wang, Shunsuke Ishizaka, Masaki Ito, Haruto Uchino, Terrance Chiang, Michelle Y. Cheng, Gary K. Steinberg
Summary: Post-stroke optogenetic stimulation and systemic nNOS inhibition both lead to functional improvements after stroke, suggesting a potentially maladaptive role of nNOS in post-stroke recovery.
TRANSLATIONAL STROKE RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Barbara Vaccari Cardoso, Alexey V. Shevelkin, Chantelle Terrillion, Olga Mychko, Valentina Mosienko, Sergey Kasparov, Mikhail V. Pletnikov, Anja G. Teschemacher
Summary: Astrocytes control metabolic homeostasis and support neuronal function in the brain, with lactate playing a dual role as a metabolic and signaling molecule. Manipulating lactate levels can impact responsiveness to environmental novelty.
Article
Neurosciences
Piotr Niewinski, Stanislaw Tubek, Julian F. R. Paton, Waldemar Banasiak, Piotr Ponikowski
Summary: Bilateral carotid body resection (bCBR) eliminates hypoxic ventilatory response in congestive heart failure patients, resulting in lower blood oxygen saturation. However, the ventilatory response to hypercapnia is preserved, sufficient to maintain adequate oxygen saturation levels.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Angela Gento-Caro, Esther Vilches-Herrando, Victoria Garcia-Morales, Federico Portillo, Guillermo Rodriguez-Bey, David Gonzalez-Forero, Bernardo Moreno-Lopez
Summary: This study uncovered the important role of LPA-LPA(1) signaling in the degeneration of MN in ALS mice. Inhibiting LPA(1) can slow down disease progression, highlighting it as a potential target and/or biomarker in ALS.
NEUROPATHOLOGY AND APPLIED NEUROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Davi J. A. Moraes, Melina P. da Silva, Daniel P. de Souza, Viviane Felintro, Julian F. R. Paton
Summary: In hypertension, the carotid body chemoreceptors are hyperactive and contribute to bronchoconstriction. Denervation of the carotid body can reduce bronchoconstrictor tone, while stimulation of the carotid body enhances chemoreflex-induced bronchoconstriction. These findings suggest that the carotid body plays a significant role in modulating bronchoconstriction in hypertensive individuals.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Angela Gento-Caro, Esther Vilches-Herrando, Federico Portillo, David Gonzalez-Forero, Bernardo Moreno-Lopez
Summary: The study suggests that ATX regulates motor neuron excitability and ATX inhibitors can alleviate neuron loss and motor deterioration in ALS mice. The findings indicate that ATX may be a potential therapeutic target in ALS.
Editorial Material
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Christopher Bancroft Wolff, David W. Green, Julian F. R. Paton, David J. Collier
CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Victoria Garcia-Morales, Angela Gento-Caro, Federico Portillo, Fernando Montero, David Gonzalez-Forero, Bernardo Moreno-Lopez
Summary: In this study, it was found that ROCK2 mediates adjustment of motoneuron intrinsic membrane excitability by modulating TASK1 channels, and various neurotransmitters and neuromodulators can impact neuronal excitability through this pathway. Additionally, this regulation involves G-protein-coupled receptors, downstream ROCK2 activation, and subsequent inhibition of TASK1 channels.
FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Physiology
Charlotte Chen, John Kolbe, Margaret L. Wilsher, Sally De Boer, Julian F. R. Paton, James P. Fisher
Summary: The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of metaboreflex on breathing and dyspnoea in fibrosing interstitial lung disease (FILD). The results showed that activation of metaboreflex did not result in increased respiratory response and dyspnoea ratings in FILD patients. However, the hemodynamic responses after handgrip exercise were attenuated in FILD compared to controls.
EXPERIMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Neurosciences
Julian F. R. Paton, Benedito H. Machado, Davi J. A. Moraes, Daniel B. Zoccal, Ana P. Abdala, Jeffrey C. Smith, Vagner R. Antunes, David Murphy, Mathias Dutschmann, Rishi R. Dhingra, Robin McAllen, Anthony E. Pickering, Richard J. A. Wilson, Trevor A. Day, Nicole O. Barioni, Andrew M. Allen, Clement Menuet, Joseph Donnelly, Igor Felippe, Walter M. St-John
Summary: This review article discusses the progress and potential future applications of the working heart-brainstem preparation (WHBP) in cardiovascular, neuroendocrine, autonomic and respiratory research. The WHBP is a novel in situ experimental model that provides unprecedented access and stability for studying physiological mechanisms. It has revealed new insights into various mechanisms related to respiratory rhythms, sympathetic activity, coupling between respiration and the heart, control mechanisms in the hypothalamus and spinal cord, and chemoreceptor mechanisms. These findings have been validated in vivo and have translated to humans. The article also discusses potential future applications of the WHBP, such as two-photon imaging and pharmacogenetic tools, for improving our understanding and treatment of cardiorespiratory diseases.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Ana Luiza C. Sayegh, Jui-Lin Fan, Lauro C. Vianna, Mathew Dawes, Julian F. R. Paton, James P. Fisher
Summary: This study compared the cardiorespiratory and sympathetic neurocirculatory responses to chemoreflex activation between healthy men and women. The results showed that young women displayed augmented sympathetic responses and attenuated respiratory responses during central chemoreflex activation.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2022)
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Liam P. Argent, Aabharika Bose, Julian F. R. Paton
Summary: The classic peripheral chemoreflex response is a critical homeostatic mechanism. Aberrant chronic activation of the carotid body can lead to cardio-respiratory diseases, and understanding how to modulate carotid body output without removing it is crucial for developing effective clinical interventions.
JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF NEW ZEALAND
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Melina P. da Silva, Pedro F. Spiller, Julian F. R. Paton, Davi J. A. Moraes
Summary: Activation of peripheral chemoreceptors increases sympathetic activity during expiration by exciting expiratory neurons antecedent to C1 pre-sympathetic neurons. However, activation of inspiratory neurons does not trigger an increase in sympathetic activity.
Article
Neurosciences
Ana Luiza C. Sayegh, Jui-Lin Fan, Mathew Dawes, Julian F. R. Paton, James P. Fisher
Summary: The study found that central respiratory and sympathetic chemoreflex sensitivities are increased in hypertensive patients, suggesting that these reflexes may play a role in the development of hypertension.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2023)
Review
Neurosciences
Igor S. A. Felippe, Rodrigo Del Rio, Harold Schultz, Benedito H. Machado, Julian F. R. Paton
Summary: Carotid body pathophysiology is associated with various diseases and understanding its mechanisms can inform potential treatment strategies.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2023)
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Cameron Apeldoorn, Soroush Safaei, Julian Paton, Gonzalo D. Maso Talou
Summary: This review provides an introduction to the biological understanding of vascular adaptation processes and the computational modeling of these processes. Computational modeling enables repeatable experimentation and exploration of complex biological processes. With advancements in computing power and research, these models become more accurate and complete. The review also highlights the importance of these models in physiological, pathological, and technological applications, and identifies underexplored aspects in the current state-of-the-art computational models.
WIRES MECHANISMS OF DISEASE
(2023)