Article
Neurosciences
Hao-Hua Wei, Xiang-Shan Yuan, Ze-Ka Chen, Pei-Pei Chen, Zhe Xiang, Wei-Min Qu, Rui-Xi Li, Guo-Min Zhou, Zhi-Li Huang
Summary: The AVP neurons in SON and PVN receive similar input patterns from multiple brain regions, with PVNAVP neurons having broader and denser inputs compared to SONAVP neurons. Additionally, differentiated input sources were found, with SONAVP neurons receiving more projections from thermoregulatory nuclei and PVNAVP neurons receiving more afferent inputs from circadian rhythm-regulating nuclei. The study provides insights into the distinct afferent framework of AVP neurons in SON and PVN, laying the foundation for further research on their diverse roles.
EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biology
Panjiao Lin, Benjamin T. Gillard, Audrys G. Pauza, Fernando A. Iraizoz, Mahmoud A. Ali, Andre S. Mecawi, Fatma Z. Djazouli Alim, Elena Romanova, Pamela A. Burger, Michael P. Greenwood, Abdu Adem, David Murphy
Summary: This study focuses on the mechanisms of adaptive response to osmotic stress in the camel supraoptic nucleus, aiming to reveal the central control of water homeostasis in camels. By building three-dimensional models and comparing transcriptomic data, we identified unique adaptive genes in camels and common elements in the water deprivation transcriptomic response network.
COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Hildebrando C. Ferreira-Neto, Javier E. Stern
Summary: Glutamatergic NMDA receptors (NMDARs) and small conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (SK) channels are critical in regulating the activity of hypothalamic magnocellular neurosecretory neurons (MNNs). The functional coupling between NMDARs and SK channels forms a negative feedback loop, which is blunted or absent in MNNs of heart failure (HF) rats, contributing to exacerbated neuronal activity.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Mehwish Abbasi, Michael R. Perkinson, Alexander J. Seymour, Richard Piet, Rebecca E. Campbell, Karl J. Iremonger, Colin H. Brown
Summary: The research found that kisspeptin can directly activate oxytocin neurons during late pregnancy by increasing post-spike excitability. This study is important for understanding the mechanism of kisspeptin's role in pregnancy.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Michael R. Perkinson, Rachael A. Augustine, Gregory T. Bouwer, Emily F. Brown, Isaiah Cheong, Alexander J. Seymour, Martin Fronius, Colin H. Brown
Summary: Oxytocin and vasopressin secretion are crucial for pregnancy and lactation, with oxytocin promoting uterus contractions and milk ejection, while vasopressin helps retain water for the demands of pregnancy and lactation. The excitability of oxytocin neurons is increased in late pregnancy and lactation, leading to higher frequency firing, while the activity of vasopressin neurons remains consistent despite lower osmolality. Delta N-TRPV1 channels may play a role in maintaining vasopressin neuron activity for water retention during pregnancy and lactation.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jessica R. Sudbury, Cristian Zaelzer, Eric Trudel, Anna Bumagin, Charles W. Bourque
Summary: Increases in core body temperature lead to the secretion of antidiuretic hormones to promote water absorption and reduce water loss. Our study found that the OVLT acts as an important thermosensory nucleus and plays a crucial role in activating MNCs during physiological heating.
JOURNAL OF NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Physiology
Andre Souza Mecawi, Wamberto Antonio Varanda, Melina Pires da Silva
Summary: Water molecules equilibrate the potential gradient between intra and extracellular compartments due to the high permeability of the plasma membrane; Osmoregulatory mechanisms have evolved to maintain strict limits on the tonicity of extracellular fluid; Studies focus on key concepts and mechanisms in adjusting the internal environment to cope with challenges of water imbalance.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Lydia Boumansour, Nadir Benhafri, Gilles Guillon, Maithe Corbani, Hanane Touati, Aicha Dekar-Madoui, Saliha Ouali-Hassenaoui
Summary: This study examined the effects of water deprivation on the hypothalamic nucleus, body mass, and plasma electrolytes in male desert rodents. It was found that the body weight decreased initially but stabilized after a month, while the plasmatic osmolality decreased and returned to normal levels by day 30. The supraoptic nucleus showed significant development in both hydrated and water-deprived animals, with an increase in AVP labeling upon dehydration. These changes demonstrate an important adaptive process in male Meriones in response to prolonged water deprivation.
ANIMAL CELLS AND SYSTEMS
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Yun-Hao Jiang, Tong Li, Yang Liu, Xiaoyu Liu, Shuwei Jia, Chunmei Hou, Guichuan Chen, Hongyang Wang, Shuo Ling, Qiang Gao, Xiao-Ran Wang, Yu-Feng Wang
Summary: Astrocytic morphological plasticity and modulation of adjacent neuronal activity depend on astrocytic volume regulation, which is controlled by glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), aquaporin 4 (AQP4), and potassium channels including inwardly rectifying K+ channel 4.1 (Kir4.1). This study reveals the associations between Kir4.1 and other molecules in astrocytic volume regulation and their impact on neuronal activity. The results suggest that hypotonic challenge (HOC) leads to astrocytic retraction and decreased volume, accompanied by increased Kir4.1 activity. Kir4.1 involvement in HOC-induced astrocytic retraction depends on AQP4 activity and GFAP plasticity, which ultimately affects the excitability of vasopressin (VP) neurons.
Article
Biology
Zhong Peng, Panos G. Ziros, Tomaz Martini, Xiao-Hui Liao, Ron Stoop, Samuel Refetoff, Urs Albrecht, Gerasimos P. Sykiotis, Stephan Kellenberger
Summary: Mice have higher body temperature at night than during the day. Deletion of ASIC1a results in lower body temperature during a portion of the night. ASICs are pH sensors that regulate neuronal activity. Deletion of ASIC1a reduces voluntary activity at night in mice with access to a running wheel, without affecting spontaneous activity. The daily rhythms of hormone mRNA in the hypothalamus and pituitary are suppressed in ASIC1a(-/-) mice, but serum thyroid hormone levels are not significantly changed. ASIC1a likely regulates activity and signaling in the hypothalamus and pituitary, influencing body temperature through metabolism or energy expenditure.
COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Matthew K. Kirchner, Ferdinand Althammer, Kevin J. Donaldson, Daniel N. Cox, Javier E. Stern
Summary: This study investigated the trafficking dynamics of large dense core vesicles (LDCVs) in vasopressin neurons using two-photon imaging. The results revealed differential regulation of axonal and dendritic LDCV trafficking and suggested that changes in trafficking dynamics constitute a novel mechanism for peptidergic neurons to efficiently adapt to increased hormonal demand.
Article
Zoology
Michael P. Reilly, M. Nicole Kunkel, Lindsay M. Thompson, Andrew Zentay, Connor D. Weeks, David Crews, Lawrence K. Cormack, Andrea C. Gore
Summary: Exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) disrupts hormone systems, particularly affecting fetuses and infants. Prenatal exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) can impact hypothalamic development and neuropeptides in rats.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART A-ECOLOGICAL AND INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Tongrui Qian, Huan Wang, Peng Wang, Lan Geng, Long Mei, Takuya Osakada, Lei Wang, Yan Tang, Alan Kania, Valery Grinevich, Ron Stoop, Dayu Lin, Minmin Luo, Yulong Li
Summary: This study developed a genetically encoded G-protein-coupled receptor activation-based oxytocin (OT) sensor called GRAB(OT1.0), which enables imaging of OT release with high sensitivity, specificity, and spatiotemporal resolution. The research found that N-type calcium channels are predominantly involved in axonal OT release, while L-type calcium channels mediate somatodendritic OT release. By measuring OT dynamics in different brain regions during male courtship behavior, insights into the role of compartmental OT release in physiological and behavioral functions were obtained.
NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Caroline L. Wee, Erin Song, Maxim Nikitchenko, Kristian J. Herrera, Sandy Wong, Florian Engert, Samuel Kunes
Summary: This study reveals the impact of social isolation on the oxytocinergic circuit in the zebrafish brain and how chemical signals from conspecific animals modulate this circuit. The results provide a model for understanding how social stimuli mediate adaptive behaviors through neural circuits.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Nal Ae Yoon, Sabrina Diano
Summary: This article reviews the current literature on hypothalamic glucose-sensing mechanisms and discusses the impact of alterations of these mechanisms on the pathogenesis of diabetes.
Article
Physiology
Andrew Martin, Andre S. Mecawi, Vagner R. Antunes, Song T. Yao, Jose Antunes-Rodrigues, Julian F. R. Paton, Alex Paterson, Michael Greenwood, Olivera Sarenac, Bojana Savic, Nina Japundzic-Zigon, David Murphy, Charles C. T. Hindmarch
Summary: Essential hypertension is a chronic condition with increased blood pressure, representing a cumulative risk for cardiovascular disease. The Spontaneously Hypertensive rat is a commonly used experimental model that shares characteristics with human essential hypertension. The study suggests that the neuropeptide urocortin may subtly regulate arterial pressure control by potentially affecting autonomic balance.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Audrys G. Pauza, Pratik Thakkar, Tatjana Tasic, Igor Felippe, Paul Bishop, Michael P. Greenwood, Kristina Rysevaite-Kyguoliene, Julia Ast, Johannes Broichhagen, David J. Hodson, Helio C. Salgado, Dainius H. Pauza, Nina Japundzic-Zigon, Julian F. R. Paton, David Murphy
Summary: The study found that GLP1R is expressed in the carotid bodies of rats and humans, and its decreased expression is associated with sympathetic hyperactivity. Targeted administration of GLP1R agonist can reduce the baseline discharge rate of the carotid body and attenuate blood pressure and sympathetic responses induced by chemoreflex. Importantly, GLP1R activation can eliminate hyperglycemia-induced peripheral chemoreflex sensitization and associated sympathetic overactivity.
CIRCULATION RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Soledad Barez-Lopez, Agnieszka Konopacka, Stephen J. Cross, Mingkwan Greenwood, Marina Skarveli, David Murphy, Michael P. Greenwood
Summary: This study explores the expression of two genes, Caprin2 and Creb3l1, in magnocellular neurones (MCNs) and their changes during dehydration. The findings suggest that both genes are expressed in MCNs and their expression increases in response to dehydration. Protein levels mirror the increase in transcript levels for both CREB3L1 and CAPRIN2. In addition, CREB3L1 may be a transcription factor regulating Oxt gene expression, while CAPRIN2 binds to Oxt mRNA and regulates its poly(A) tail length.
NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Neurosciences
Julian F. R. Paton, Benedito H. Machado, Davi J. A. Moraes, Daniel B. Zoccal, Ana P. Abdala, Jeffrey C. Smith, Vagner R. Antunes, David Murphy, Mathias Dutschmann, Rishi R. Dhingra, Robin McAllen, Anthony E. Pickering, Richard J. A. Wilson, Trevor A. Day, Nicole O. Barioni, Andrew M. Allen, Clement Menuet, Joseph Donnelly, Igor Felippe, Walter M. St-John
Summary: This review article discusses the progress and potential future applications of the working heart-brainstem preparation (WHBP) in cardiovascular, neuroendocrine, autonomic and respiratory research. The WHBP is a novel in situ experimental model that provides unprecedented access and stability for studying physiological mechanisms. It has revealed new insights into various mechanisms related to respiratory rhythms, sympathetic activity, coupling between respiration and the heart, control mechanisms in the hypothalamus and spinal cord, and chemoreceptor mechanisms. These findings have been validated in vivo and have translated to humans. The article also discusses potential future applications of the WHBP, such as two-photon imaging and pharmacogenetic tools, for improving our understanding and treatment of cardiorespiratory diseases.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Palaniappan Ramasamy, Gajalakshmi Dakshinamoorthy, Shanmugam Jayashree, Dhamodharan Prabhu, Sundararaj Rajamanikandan, Palaniyandi Velusamy, Govindan Dayanithi, Robert E. B. Hanna
Summary: This study describes a biosensor using a dialysis membrane electrode interface disc to capture antigenic Salmonella cells. The biosensor has a highly sensitive detection limit and can reliably respond to changes in Salmonella concentrations.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Mingkwan Greenwood, Benjamin T. Gillard, Rizwan Farrukh, Alex Paterson, Ferdinand Althammer, Valery Grinevich, David Murphy, Michael P. Greenwood
Summary: This study aims to explore the function and regulatory mechanism of Creb3l1 in hypothalamic neurons. Through a multiomic strategy, it is found that Creb3l1 plays a crucial role in the regulation of ribosomal proteins and endoplasmic reticulum proteins. Knockdown of Creb3l1 significantly reduces neuropeptide synthesis and secretion, leading to changes in food and water consumption. This research provides a new therapeutic strategy for metabolic diseases.
MOLECULAR METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Biology
Panjiao Lin, Benjamin T. Gillard, Audrys G. Pauza, Fernando A. Iraizoz, Mahmoud A. Ali, Andre S. Mecawi, Fatma Z. Djazouli Alim, Elena Romanova, Pamela A. Burger, Michael P. Greenwood, Abdu Adem, David Murphy
Summary: This study focuses on the mechanisms of adaptive response to osmotic stress in the camel supraoptic nucleus, aiming to reveal the central control of water homeostasis in camels. By building three-dimensional models and comparing transcriptomic data, we identified unique adaptive genes in camels and common elements in the water deprivation transcriptomic response network.
COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Genevieve M. Leyden, Michael P. Greenwood, Valerie Gaborieau, Younghun Han, Christopher Amos, Paul Brennan, David Murphy, George Davey Smith, Tom G. Richardson
Summary: This study uses tissue-specific gene expression to separate the effects of different phenotypes underlying BMI on the risk of site-specific cancers. The results suggest that BMI variants derived from brain tissue are predominantly responsible for driving the genetically predicted effect of BMI on lung cancer, while BMI variants derived from adipose tissue may predominantly drive the effect of BMI on endometrial cancer.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Soledad Barez-Lopez, George J. Gadd, Audrys G. Pauza, David Murphy, Michael P. Greenwood
Summary: Although the mechanisms underlying the effects of general anaesthetics are still unknown, it has been found that neuronal activity increases in the hypothalamic supraoptic nucleus (SON) during general anaesthesia. Posttranslational modifications, such as phosphorylation, may play a role in mediating the rapid effects of general anaesthesia. Phosphoproteomic analysis suggests that brain region-specific phosphorylation adaptations might be involved in the differential neuronal activity responses to general anaesthesia.
NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Michael P. Greenwood, Mingkwan Greenwood, Soledad Barez-Lopez, Joe W. Hawkins, Katherine Short, Danijela Tatovic, David Murphy
Summary: This study identifies the role of CREB3L1 in coordinating vasopressin synthesis and release, and demonstrates that GLP-1R signaling inhibits the vasopressin system. These findings reveal the mechanisms underlying vasopressin release and provide insight into current therapeutic strategies.
MOLECULAR METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Bruno Paes-Leme, Livia da Rocha Natalino Monteiro, Khadijeh Gholami, See Ziau Hoe, Alastair Victor Ferguson, David Murphy, Jose Antunes-Rodrigues, Rodrigo Rorato, Luis Carlos Reis, Andre Souza Mecawi
Summary: Apart from its role in cardiovascular control and hydromineral balance, the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is also involved in the neuroendocrine control of energy balance. This study investigated how fasting affects RAS activity and the expression of neuropeptides related to energy homeostasis in the brain of rats. The results suggest that peripheral ANG II/SFO-AT(1)R signaling may play a role in controlling refeeding-induced thirst, while central AT(1)R signaling regulates food and water intake in the dark period of the feeding cycle in fed rats.
JOURNAL OF NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Benjamin T. Gillard, Nabil Amor, Fernando Alvira Iraizoz, Audrys G. Pauza, Colin Campbell, Michael P. Greenwood, Abdulaziz N. Alagaili, David Murphy
Summary: This study investigates the transcriptomic adaptations in the kidney of a desert rodent, the Lesser Egyptian Jerboa, that enable it to withstand water deprivation and rehydration. The analysis shows a significant number of differentially expressed genes in the Jerboa kidney, especially following rehydration. The findings provide valuable insights into osmoregulation beyond what is known from model organisms.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Ghadir Elsamad, Andre Souza Mecawi, Audrys G. Pauza, Benjamin Gillard, Alex Paterson, Victor J. Duque, Olivera Sarenac, Nina Japundzic Zigon, Mingkwan Greenwood, Michael P. Greenwood, David Murphy
Summary: Ageing leads to altered neuroendocrine function, particularly in the hypothalamic supraoptic nucleus, resulting in changes in acute responses to hyperosmotic cues and increased susceptibility to dehydration in the elderly. Vasopressin, the hormone produced by this nucleus, has been associated with age-related diseases like type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. A study using gene analysis techniques found that ageing is linked to changes in the expression of extracellular matrix genes in the supraoptic nucleus. Interestingly, while the overall transcriptomic response to dehydration is diminished in aged animals compared to adults, specific genes related to neurodegenerative processes are enriched in the aged rats, suggesting that dehydration may trigger degenerative consequences in older individuals.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
S. Barez-Lopez, L. Scanlon, D. Murphy, M. P. Greenwood
NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Mingkwan Greenwood, Benjamin T. Gillard, Rizwan Farrukh, Alex Paterson, Ferdinand Althammer, Valery Grinevich, David Murphy, Michael P. Greenwood
Summary: By investigating the role of Creb3l1 in the hypothalamus, this study revealed its comprehensive control over the PERK signaling pathway in magnocellular neurones, impacting neuropeptide synthesis and secretion, which in turn influence food and water consumption.
MOLECULAR METABOLISM
(2022)